Jowett Cars

Jowett was founded in 1901 by brothers Benjamin (1877–1963) and William (1880–1965) Jowett with Arthur V. Lamb.[1] They started in the cycle business and went on to make V-twin engines for driving machinery. Some early engines found their way locally into other makes of cars as replacements. In 1904 they became the Jowett Motor Manufacturing Company based in Back Burlington Street, Bradford. Their first Jowett light car was produced in February 1906 but as their little workshop was fully occupied with general engineering activities, experiments with different engine configurations, and making the first six Scott motorbikes, it did not go into production until 1910, and then after more than 25,000 miles of exhaustive trials.

Jowett Eight pre-war example

Jowett Seven Chummy short chassis tourer (1926)—Shuttleworth Collection

Jowett Seven Long Tourer 1929 example

Jowett Eight 2-cylinder 1937

Jowett Ten 4-cylinder 1937

Their intention was to provide a low weight vehicle at a low price and with low running costs. The prototype could be described as the United Kingdom's first real light car. Engine and gearbox were specifically designed for a light car and made largely of aluminium. Its low speed torque and gear ratios were ideally suited to the hills about Bradford and Yorkshire's terrain where poor roads provided little use for a high top speed or quick acceleration. Construction of the engine and the rest of the car was robust. Benjamin Jowett held that their light car class was suffering from engines either from cyclecars with sufficient power but subject to rapid deterioration because of inadequate bearing surfaces, or engines from larger cars too heavy for the rest of the car's structure leading to a different set of troubles. The Jowett engine was designed and built for a light car.[2]

The production car "quickly became popular".[1] It used an 816 cc flat twin water-cooled engine of 6.4 hp[3] and three-speed gearbox with tiller steering. The body was a lightweight open two-seater. Learning popular opinion was that 10 hp was a minimum Jowett advertised their third car as being 8 hp without changing the specification. Twelve vehicles were made before an improved version with wheel steering was launched in 1913 and a further 36 were made before the outbreak of the First World War when the factory was turned over to munitions manufacture. Two tiller steerers still survive.

Jowett Cars Limited was a new private company formed in June 1919 to make and sell motorcars and it purchased the car manufacturing portion of the business carried on by the Jowett Motor Manufacturing Company. It became a public company listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1935.[1]

That year, 1919, a new works site was bought at Springfield, Bradford Road, Idle, outside Bradford, the site of a disused quarry. Car making started in the new factory in 1920. The first vehicle was the Jowett Seven using an enlarged version of the pre-war flat twin. First it was enlarged to 831 cc then to 907 cc in 1921 when the claim to 8 hp was dropped from advertising. Thereafter all Jowetts were Sevens until the introduction of the four-cylinder engine in 1936. The engine developed its maximum torque at low revs and was soon famed for its pulling power, reliability and economy.

Commercial vehicles based on the car chassis were also built from 1922 and became an increasingly important part of the company's output. Jowett first exhibited at the London Motor Show in 1921 and gradually broke out of their previous local market. In 1923 coil ignition and electric starting were added and the four-seater "Long Four" was introduced in tourer form priced from £245 followed in 1925 by a closed saloon model, the previous short-chassis two-seater continuing in production. In 1929, the engine received removable cylinder heads to ease maintenance and braking was on all four wheels. Production was briefly suspended in September 1931 when fire swept through the works.

1933 saw the launch of the Jowett Kestrel with four-speed gearbox and in 1935 there was the oddly named Jowett Weasel sports tourer. The first four-cylinder (flat four) car arrived in 1936 with the 1166 cc twin carburettor Jowett Ten which continued until the outbreak of war alongside the traditional twin-cylinder models which grew to 946 cc in 1937. In 1935 the company went public and in 1936 Benjamin Jowett retired. Brother William carried on until 1940.

Production of cars stopped in 1940 but engine production for motor-generator sets continued alongside aircraft components and other military hardware. The engine was (besides being used as a generator set) also used in the Jowett engine powered Fire Pump.[4] The company was bought by property developer Charles Clore in 1945 and he sold it in 1947 to the bankers Lazard Brothers.

When production restarted after the Second World War, the twin-cylinder engine was dropped from the range of new cars, but continued in 1005 cc form to the end of production in the commercial vehicles, now comprising a light lorry, the Bradford van, two versions of an estate car called the Utility, and chassis front-ends and kits for outside coachbuilders, many abroad. The new cars were a complete change from what had gone before with the streamlined Jowett Javelin designed by a team led by Gerald Palmer. This had such advanced features as a flat-four push-rod engine, independent front suspension with torsion bars front and rear, and unitary body construction. The car was good for 80 mph (130 km/h) and had excellent handling. In 1950 the Javelin was joined by the Jowett Jupiter sports car with a chassis designed by Eberan von Eberhorst who had worked for Auto Union. Javelins were designed for production levels never before attempted by Jowett. Javelin and Bradford body production was out-sourced to Briggs Motor Bodies, who built a new plant at Doncaster. Briggs supplied the bodies fully trimmed and ready to be applied to the mechanicals.[5] The Jupiters were always built in-house at Idle. The new mechanicals had teething troubles, but Javelin bodies were still being mass-produced to the original schedule, leading to their being stockpiled. Export sales collapsed by 75 per cent in 1952 followed by sluggish domestic sales while the nation waited for the removal of a "temporarily" increased purchase tax, finally eased in April 1953, with disastrous long-term consequences for Jowett.[6]

Jowett Javelin saloon in original (metallic) finish, 1949 example

Jowett Jupiter 2-seater sports

Poor business strategy and direction, and over-confidence, were the financially sound company's downfall and, even after the engine and gearbox problems were solved, the Idle plant was never able to build, nor – during 1952 – was the distribution network able to sell, the expected volume. Collapse of the arrangements for the supply of bodies led to suspension of Javelin production in 1953, together with the by now outdated Bradford, though tooling had been completed for new models.[5] Jupiters remained in demand and were built up to the end of 1954. The company did not go broke, but sold its factory to International Harvester who made tractors at the site until the early 1980s. The factory was demolished in 1983.

Jowett switched to manufacturing aircraft parts for the Blackburn & General Aircraft Company in a former woollen mill at Howden Clough, Birstall, near Batley. Jowett, just the "shell" of the company,[7] was later taken over by Blackburn in 1956, although spares for the postwar cars were kept available until 1963, when the remainder of the Jowett company was closed due to the rationalisation of the aircraft industry.

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  Jowett Sports 1923
• 
  Rear of Jowett Sports
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  Jowett 7 hp[3] 1930
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  Jowett 7 hp
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  Jowett lorry 1930
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  Jowett 7 hp Blackbird 1932
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  Jowett 7 hp Blackbird 1932
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  Jowett 7 hp Blackbird 1932
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  Jowett 7 hp Flying Fox 1933
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  2 plus 2 Jowett 7 hp 1933
• 
  7 hp Flying Fox 2 plus 2 Jowett
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  Jowett 7 hp Weasel 1935
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  Jowett 7 hp Weasel 1935
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  Jowett 7 hp Weasel 1935
  by Bradford City Hall
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  Jowett Eight[3]
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  Jowett Eight
• 
  Jowett Eight badge

There are some eight Jowett club regions in the UK and very robust Australian and New Zealand groups, that exist to support and promote the Jowett. Members gather with their cars for sectional meetings and once a year, for a National Rally. Members and their cars from the USA and Europe have attended.

• John Blashford-Snell – explorer
• Don Cockell – boxer
• Peter Craven – speedway ace
• Ernest Dudley – author of crime fiction
• Martin Fry – lead singer of ABC
• Red Skelton – comedian
• John Surtees – racing driver
• Peter Ustinov – actor and dramatist
• Budge Rogers – Bedford Rugby Captain and England player – 34 caps
• Bill Lock – father of comedian Trevor Lock: the name of Trevor's band, 'Jowett', was influenced by the car

• Bradford Industrial Museum, which has an extensive collection of Jowett vehicles.
• E. D. Abbott Ltd
• List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom

• Stokoe, Noel: Sporting Jowetts, The History Press 2009 ISBN 978-0-7524-4775-9
• Stokoe, Noel: Jowett 1901–1954, Tempus Publishing Limited ISBN 0-7524-1723-1

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jowett.

• Jowett Car Club
• Jowett North West
• JowettTalk Forum
• JowettGallery Members Library
• Jowett Car Club Archive
• All about the Jowett Jupiter
• Harold Radford