Jozef Tomko

Styles of Jozef Tomko
Reference style	His Eminence
Spoken style	Your Eminence
Informal style	Cardinal

Jozef Tomko was born 11 March 1924 in Udavské, near Humenné, in Czechoslovakia (now part of the Slovak Republic). In 1943 he entered the Theological Faculty of Bratislava, and was sent to Rome to study at the Pontifical Lateran Athenaeum and Pontifical Gregorian University, from where he obtained his doctorates in theology, canon law, and social sciences.[1] Tomko was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Luigi Traglia on 12 March 1949 in St. John Lateran.

He continued his studies at the Lateran and Gregorian University while doing pastoral work in Rome and Porto e Santa Rufina until 1979. From 1950 to 1965, he served as vice-rector and later rector of the Pontifical Nepomucenum College.[1] He taught at the International University Pro Deo from 1955 to 1956 as well. During this period, Monsignor Tomko was actively involved in establishment of the Slovak Institute of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Rome. He visited several times the Slovak communities in the US, Canada and various European countries.[2] Tomko has for decades regularly addressed Slovak Catholics through Vatican Radio and in recent years also through Catholic TV Lux.[3]

Tomko was raised to the rank of Privy Chamberlain supernumerary on 5 December 1959, and entered the service of the Roman Curia in 1962, as an adjunct in the Book Censorship Section of the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. In reference to the more lenient measures taken against dissident theologians, he once remarked, "The electric chair and gas chamber are no more".[4] During the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) he worked as a consultant for the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith and later became a member of the Pontifical Commission for the Family. Tomko became an Honorary Prelate of His Holiness on 17 June 1970. In addition to his academic duties, he was named Undersecretary of the Sacred Congregation for Bishops in 1974. He was a visiting professor at the Gregorian University 1970-1977.

On 12 July 1979, Tomko was appointed Secretary General of the World Synod of Bishops and Titular Archbishop of Doclea by Pope John Paul II.[1] He received his episcopal consecration on the following 15 September from John Paul II himself, in the Sistine Chapel with Archbishop Eduardo Martínez Somalo and Bishop Andrew Gregory Grutka serving as co-consecrators. On 18 October 1979 he became a member of the Pontifical Commission for the interpretation of the decrees of the Second Vatican Council to both liberal and conservative constituencies. Tomko was later named Pro-Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples on 24 April 1985 and Chancellor of the Pontifical Urbaniana University.

John Paul II created him Cardinal-Deacon of Gesù Buon Pastore alla Montagnola in the consistory of 25 May 1985 and was appointed Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.[5] During his tenure, the Cardinal became a close confidant of Pope John Paul, and served as a special papal envoy to several religious celebrations and events in an array of different countries. He was named a member of the Presynodal Council for Special Synod of Asian Bishops in September 1995. After ten years' standing as a Cardinal Deacon, he opted for order of Cardinal-Priests (assuming the titular church of S. Sabina) on 29 January 1996.

Tomko was appointed President of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses on 23 October 2001,[5] ending his sixteen-year-long tenure as Prefect of Evangelization of Peoples, becoming prefect emeritus. In this post, he presided over the Holy See's delegation to the Interreligious Congress in Astana, Kazakhstan, from 23 to 24 September 2003. He lost the right to participate in any future papal conclaves upon reaching the age of eighty on 11 March 2004. In the capacity of papal legate he chaired the 48th International Eucharistic Congress in Guadalajara, Mexico in October 2004.

Upon the death of John Paul II on 2 April 2005, Tomko and all major Vatican officials, in accord with custom, automatically lost their positions during the sede vacante. He was later confirmed as President of International Eucharistic Congresses by Pope Benedict XVI on the following 21 April. Cardinal Tomko retired from his post as president on 1 October 2007.