Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts
The appointment of federal judges for United States federal courts has come to be viewed as a political process in the last several decades.[1][2] The tables below provide the composition of all Article III courts which include the Supreme Court and the Courts of Appeals at the end of each four year presidential term, as well as the current compositions of the District Courts and the Court of International Trade, categorizing the judges by the presidential term during which they were first appointed to their seats.
As of October 26, 2020, of the 9 justices of the Supreme Court, 6 were appointed by a Republican president, and 3 were appointed by a Democratic president.[3][4] As of December 15, 2020, of the 13 federal appeals courts, Republican appointees have a majority on 7 courts, while Democrat appointees have a majority on 6 courts.[5][6][7] Additionally, as of December 20, 2020, Democratic appointees have a majority of district court seats in 7 circuit jurisdictions, while Republican appointees have a majority of district court seats in 5 circuit jurisdictions.[8][9] More specifically, within the 91 individual district courts, Republicans have a majority of seats in 34, Democrats have a majority of seats in 33, whilst 16 are split equally. One court (the Western District of Washington) has a majority of its seats vacant, whilst owing to vacancies Republicans have a plurality of seats in four district courts and Democrats a plurality in three. Finally, as of November 18, 2020, the United States Court of International Trade has an even number of appointees from both parties. However, the party of the president who appointed a judge is not always a good indicator of that judge's judicial philosophy and place on the political spectrum.[10]
Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States was established by the Constitution of the United States. Originally, the Judiciary Act of 1789 set the number of justices at six. Subsequently, the United States Congress increased the number of justices to seven in 1807, nine in 1837, and ten in 1863. The Judicial Circuits Act of 1866 set the number at seven to be achieved gradually through retirement or death of current associate justices. The court was down to eight when the Judiciary Act of 1869 restored the number to nine.
As of October 26, 2020:[11]
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 | DDE 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | — | 3 | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | — | 3 | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 9 | 5 | 4 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | 2 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | 2 | 2 | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2004 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2000 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1996 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1992 | 9 | 8 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — |
| 1988 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 |
| 1984 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 |
| 1980 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 | DDE 1 | HST 2 | FDR /HST | FDR 3 | FDR 2 | FDR 1 | HCH | JCC 2 | WGH /JCC | TWW 2 | TWW 1 | WHT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1972 | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | — | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1968 | 9 | 4 | 5 | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1964 | 9 | 4 | 5 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1960 | 9 | 5 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1956 | 9 | 3 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1952 | 9 | 0 | 9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1948 | 9 | 0 | 9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1944 | 9 | 2 | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 5 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1940 | 9 | 3 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — |
| 1936 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | 2 | 1 |
| 1932 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | 2 | 1 |
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JCC 2 | WGH /JCC | TWW 2 | TWW 1 | WHT | TR 2 | WMK /TR | WMK 1 | SGC 2 | BH | SGC 1 | JAG /CAA |
RBH | USG 2 | USG 1 | AL /AJ | AL 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1928 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | 1 | 4 | — | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1924 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | 4 | — | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1920 | 9 | 5 | 4 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1916 | 9 | 5 | 4 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1912 | 9 | 8 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1908 | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1904 | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1900 | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1896 | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| 1892 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| 1888 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 2 |
| 1884 | 9 | 9 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | 2 |
Courts of appeals
The United States Courts of Appeals were established by the Judiciary Act of 1891 as "United States circuit courts of appeals" (the name was changed to its current form in 1948). The act authorized 19 appellate judgeships in 9 circuits. Since then, the number of authorized appellate judgeships has increased to 179.[12]
Summary of 13 circuits combined
As of February 1, 2021:[11]
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 | DDE 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 179 | 96 | 79 | 4 | — | 53 | 24 | 26 | 17 | 15 | 16 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 179 | 96 | 81 | 2 | — | 53 | 24 | 26 | 17 | 15 | 17 | 14 | 5 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 179 | 72 | 90 | 17 | — | — | 25 | 28 | 23 | 26 | 22 | 14 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 179 | 84 | 78 | 17 | — | — | — | 30 | 24 | 30 | 26 | 17 | 12 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008* | 178 | 100 | 66 | 12 | — | — | — | — | 24 | 32 | 34 | 25 | 21 | 15 | 7 | 7 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2004 | 179 | 94 | 69 | 16 | — | — | — | — | — | 35 | 35 | 25 | 29 | 20 | 8 | 9 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 2000 | 179 | 76 | 78 | 25 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 35 | 29 | 35 | 28 | 11 | 14 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1996 | 179 | 105 | 53 | 21 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 29 | 40 | 45 | 14 | 22 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — |
| 1992 | 179 | 119 | 42 | 18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 40 | 50 | 20 | 40 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — |
| 1988 | 168 | 96 | 62 | 10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 50 | 26 | 53 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 1 | — |
| 1984 | 168 | 66 | 76 | 26 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 33 | 57 | 15 | 17 | 14 | 5 | 1 | — |
| 1980 | 140 | 50 | 86 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 59 | 16 | 30 | 19 | 8 | 2 | 1 |
- There were temporarily 178 appellate federal judgeships, due to the elimination of a 12th seat on the D.C. Circuit by Section 509 of the Court Security Improvement Act of 2007.[13] That Act also provided for the creation of a 29th seat on the Ninth Circuit in January 2009 which increased the number of authorized appellate judgeships back to 179.
As of February 1, 2021:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 | DDE 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 100% | 54% | 44% | 2% | — | 30% | 13% | 15% | 9% | 8% | 9% | 7% | 3% | 2% | 1% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 100% | 54% | 45% | 1% | — | 30% | 13% | 15% | 9% | 8% | 9% | 8% | 3% | 2% | 1% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 100% | 40% | 50% | 9% | — | — | 14% | 16% | 13% | 15% | 12% | 8% | 5% | 4% | 3% | 1% | 1% | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 100% | 47% | 44% | 9% | — | — | — | 17% | 13% | 17% | 15% | 9% | 7% | 6% | 4% | 3% | 1% | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 100% | 56% | 37% | 7% | — | — | — | — | 13% | 18% | 19% | 14% | 12% | 8% | 4% | 4% | 1% | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2004 | 100% | 53% | 39% | 9% | — | — | — | — | — | 20% | 20% | 14% | 16% | 11% | 4% | 5% | 1% | 1% | — | — | — | — |
| 2000 | 100% | 42% | 44% | 14% | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20% | 16% | 20% | 16% | 6% | 8% | 1% | 1% | — | — | — | — |
| 1996 | 100% | 59% | 30% | 12% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 16% | 22% | 25% | 8% | 12% | 2% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 1% | — |
| 1992 | 100% | 67% | 23% | 10% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 22% | 28% | 11% | 22% | 3% | 2% | 1% | 1% | 1% | — |
| 1988 | 100% | 57% | 37% | 6% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 30% | 16% | 32% | 5% | 6% | 5% | 1% | 1% | — |
| 1984 | 100% | 39% | 45% | 16% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20% | 34% | 9% | 10% | 8% | 3% | 1% | — |
| 1980 | 100% | 36% | 61% | 3% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 42% | 11% | 21% | 14% | 6% | 1% | 1% |
Partisan mix of the circuit courts
As of February 1, 2021:
| Appeals Court (in numerical order) | Total number of seats | Percentage of occupied seats appointed by Republicans | Percentage of occupied seats appointed by Democrats | Republican/ Democrat/ vacant | Percentage of total seats appointed by Republicans | Percentage of total seats appointed by Democrats | Percentage of total seats currently vacant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 6 | 20% | 80% | 1 / 4 / 1 | 17% | 67% | 17% |
| 2nd | 13 | 58% | 42% | 7 / 5 / 1 | 54% | 38% | 8% |
| 3rd | 14 | 57% | 43% | 8 / 6 / 0 | 57% | 43% | 0% |
| 4th | 15 | 40% | 60% | 6 / 9 / 0 | 40% | 60% | 0% |
| 5th | 17 | 71% | 29% | 12 / 5 / 0 | 71% | 29% | 0% |
| 6th | 16 | 69% | 31% | 11 / 5 / 0 | 69% | 31% | 0% |
| 7th | 11 | 78% | 22% | 8 / 2 / 1 | 73% | 18% | 9% |
| 8th | 11 | 91% | 9% | 10 / 1 / 0 | 91% | 9% | 0% |
| 9th | 29 | 45% | 55% | 13 / 16 / 0 | 45% | 55% | 0% |
| 10th | 12 | 45% | 55% | 5 / 6 / 1 | 42% | 50% | 8% |
| 11th | 12 | 58% | 42% | 7 / 5 / 0 | 58% | 42% | 0% |
| D.C. | 11 | 36% | 64% | 4 / 7 / 0 | 36% | 64% | 0% |
| Federal | 12 | 33% | 67% | 4 / 8 / 0 | 33% | 67% | 0% |
| Total of 13 circuits | 179 | 55% | 45% | 96 / 79 / 4 | 54% | 44% | 2% |
First Circuit
As of October 26, 2020:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 6 | 1 | 4 | 1 | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 1 | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 6 | 2 | 4 | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 2004 | 6 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 2000 | 6 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1996 | 6 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1992 | 6 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 1988 | 6 | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | 1 |
| 1984 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | 1 |
| 1980 | 4 | 1 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | 1 | 1 |
Second Circuit
As of January 21, 2021:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 13 | 7 | 5 | 1 | — | 5 | — | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 13 | 7 | 6 | — | — | 5 | — | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 13 | 4 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 13 | 5 | 8 | — | — | — | — | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 13 | 6 | 6 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2004 | 13 | 6 | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 5 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2000 | 13 | 2 | 10 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 4 | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1996 | 13 | 5 | 6 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| 1992 | 13 | 10 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 1988 | 13 | 9 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — |
| 1984 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1980 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
Third Circuit
As of July 17, 2019:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 14 | 8 | 6 | — | — | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 14 | 8 | 6 | — | — | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 14 | 5 | 7 | 2 | — | — | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 14 | 6 | 7 | 1 | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 14 | 6 | 6 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| 2004 | 14 | 7 | 6 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| 2000 | 14 | 6 | 6 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 1996 | 14 | 11 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 1992 | 14 | 11 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 7 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 1988 | 12 | 9 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | 1 |
| 1984 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| 1980 | 10 | 6 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | 5 | 2 |
Fourth Circuit
As of March 21, 2019:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 15 | 6 | 9 | — | — | 3 | 1 | 5 | 1 | — | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 15 | 6 | 9 | — | — | 3 | 1 | 5 | 1 | — | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 15 | 5 | 10 | — | — | — | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 15 | 5 | 10 | — | — | — | — | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 15 | 6 | 5 | 4 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2004 | 15 | 8 | 5 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| 2000 | 15 | 6 | 5 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| 1996 | 15 | 9 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — |
| 1992 | 15 | 9 | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — |
| 1988 | 11 | 6 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — |
| 1984 | 11 | 6 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — |
| 1980 | 10 | 4 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | — | 1 |
- Roger Gregory, who was given a one-year recess appointment in Bill Clinton's second term and was subsequently given a lifetime appointment in George W. Bush's first term, is counted as a Clinton appointee on this page.
Fifth Circuit
As of July 3, 2020:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 | DDE 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 17 | 12 | 5 | — | — | 6 | 1 | 2 | 4 | — | — | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 17 | 12 | 5 | — | — | 6 | 1 | 2 | 4 | — | — | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 17 | 9 | 5 | 3 | — | — | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | — | 2 | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 17 | 10 | 5 | 2 | — | — | — | 2 | 4 | 2 | — | 2 | — | 2 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 17 | 13 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 2 | — | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2004 | 17 | 11 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2000 | 17 | 9 | 5 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1996 | 17 | 11 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1992 | 17 | 11 | 2 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1988 | 16 | 9 | 6 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1984 | 16 | 7 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 7 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1980 | 14 | 3 | 10 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8 | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | — | 1 |
- The 5th Circuit judges who were transferred to the 11th Circuit in 1981 are not included in the 5th Circuit numbers for 1980 for trend comparison purposes.
Sixth Circuit
As of March 11, 2019:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 16 | 11 | 5 | — | — | 6 | — | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 16 | 11 | 5 | — | — | 6 | — | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 16 | 10 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 16 | 10 | 6 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 16 | 10 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2004 | 16 | 6 | 6 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2000 | 16 | 5 | 7 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1996 | 16 | 7 | 6 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | 4 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1992 | 16 | 9 | 5 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 5 | 1 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1988 | 16 | 10 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 1984 | 16 | 6 | 6 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| 1980 | 11 | 3 | 7 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 |
Seventh Circuit
As of December 15, 2020:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 11 | 8 | 2 | 1 | — | 4 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 11 | 8 | 2 | 1 | — | 4 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2004 | 11 | 8 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2000 | 11 | 8 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1996 | 11 | 8 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | 1 | — |
| 1992 | 11 | 9 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| 1988 | 11 | 9 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | — |
| 1984 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | — |
| 1980 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
Eighth Circuit
As of December 12, 2018:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 11 | 10 | 1 | — | — | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | 4 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 11 | 10 | 1 | — | — | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | 4 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 5 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 11 | 9 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 11 | 9 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2004 | 11 | 9 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2000 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — |
| 1996 | 11 | 8 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — |
| 1992 | 11 | 9 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — |
| 1988 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | 2 | — | — | 1 |
| 1984 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | — | 1 | 3 |
| 1980 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Ninth Circuit
As of December 11, 2019:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 29 | 13 | 16 | — | — | 10 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 29 | 13 | 16 | — | — | 10 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 29 | 7 | 18 | 4 | — | — | 2 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 29 | 9 | 19 | 1 | — | — | — | 5 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 1 | — | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 28 | 11 | 16 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 4 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 2 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — |
| 2004 | 28 | 8 | 16 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 2 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — |
| 2000 | 28 | 7 | 18 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11 | 3 | 4 | 3 | — | 4 | — | — | — | — |
| 1996 | 28 | 11 | 9 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 4 | 7 | — | 5 | — | — | — | 1 |
| 1992 | 28 | 15 | 12 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 7 | 3 | 11 | — | 1 | — | 1 |
| 1988 | 28 | 12 | 13 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 3 | 12 | — | 2 | — | 1 |
| 1984 | 28 | 8 | 16 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 15 | 3 | 2 | — | 1 |
| 1980 | 23 | 7 | 16 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 15 | 3 | 4 | — | 1 |
- SEC. 509. of the Court Security Improvement Act of 2007[13] provided for the creation of a 29th seat on the Ninth Circuit in January 2009.
Tenth Circuit
As of February 1, 2021:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 12 | 5 | 6 | 1 | — | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 12 | 5 | 7 | — | — | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 12 | 5 | 7 | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 12 | 6 | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 3 | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 12 | 8 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 4 | — | 4 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2004 | 12 | 7 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | — | 4 | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 2000 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | 4 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1996 | 12 | 7 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | 6 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1992 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 6 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — |
| 1988 | 10 | 6 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | — | 3 | — | — | 1 | — |
| 1984 | 10 | 1 | 4 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | 1 | 1 | — |
| 1980 | 8 | 3 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Eleventh Circuit
As of February 11, 2020:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 12 | 7 | 5 | — | — | 6 | 2 | 2 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 12 | 7 | 5 | — | — | 6 | 2 | 2 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 12 | 3 | 8 | 1 | — | — | 3 | 2 | — | 1 | 3 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| 2012 | 12 | 4 | 6 | 2 | — | — | — | 2 | — | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| 2008 | 12 | 7 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| 2004 | 12 | 7 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| 2000 | 12 | 6 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| 1996 | 12 | 8 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 4 | 2 | — | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| 1992 | 12 | 8 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 2 | — | 3 | 2 | — | — |
| 1988 | 12 | 6 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | 6 | 3 | 1 | — |
| 1984 | 12 | 4 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| 1980 | 12 | 4 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
- The 11th Circuit was created in 1981. The judges that were transferred from the 5th Circuit to the 11th Circuit are shown in 1980 for trend comparison purposes.
D.C. Circuit
As of September 2, 2020:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 11 | 4 | 7 | — | — | 3 | 4 | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 11 | 4 | 7 | — | — | 3 | 4 | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 11 | 4 | 7 | — | — | — | 4 | — | 3 | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008* | 11 | 6 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2004 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 2000 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1996 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | 4 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| 1992 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 5 | — | 4 | — | — | — | — |
| 1988 | 12 | 6 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 1 | 4 | — | — | 1 | — |
| 1984 | 12 | 3 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 4 | — | — | 2 | 1 |
| 1980 | 11 | 3 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | — | 3 | 2 | 2 |
- SEC. 509. of the Court Security Improvement Act of 2007[13] eliminated the 12th seat on the D.C. Circuit.
Federal Circuit
As of July 8, 2015:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 12 | 4 | 8 | — | — | — | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020 | 12 | 4 | 8 | — | — | — | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 12 | 4 | 8 | — | — | — | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 2 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 12 | 8 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2004 | 12 | 8 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2000 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1996 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| 1992 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| 1988 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | 3 | — | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| 1984 | 12 | 7 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1980 | 11 | 6 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
- The Federal Circuit was created in 1982. The judges from the courts that were combined into the Federal Circuit are shown in 1980 for trend comparison purposes.
District Courts
Summary of 91 District Courts
As of February 1, 2021:[11]
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 679 | 315 | 312 | 52 | — | 173 | 129 | 133 | 64 | 61 | 29 | 22 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 1 |
| 2020 | 678 | 318 | 317 | 43 | — | 173 | 129 | 133 | 64 | 64 | 34 | 22 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 1 |
- Current (February 1, 2021) vacancies are 52 District judgeships/judges per uscourts.gov. 174 Trump-nominated District judges (177 judgeships, as one Trump nominees serves in two districts and one in three districts) were confirmed, of which 170 judges (173 judgeships) are currently serving. Four judges have been subsequently elevated to Circuit Courts (Quattlebaum, Phipps, Brasher, Walker). (174+3-4=173)
- Congress has authorized 677 district judgeships including 673 Article III judgeships for the 50 States, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico plus 4 Article IV judgeships for Guam, Northern Marianas, and the Virgin Islands. The 673 Article III judgeships include 663 permanent and 10 temporary judgeships.[14]
- However, the number of total authorized Article III District Judge positions is currently higher than 673 (679 in 2021) because four judges are authorized to serve a collective five additional judicial districts: one two-District (Trump-nominated) Judge in the Sixth, two two-District (one Clinton-nominated & one Obama-nominated) Judges in the Eighth and one three-district (Trump-nominated) Judge in the Tenth Circuit – see individual districts below for more details.
Partisan mix of the District Courts
As of February 1, 2021:
| District Courts under the Appeals Court | Total number of seats | Percentage of occupied seats appointed by Republicans | Percentage of occupied seats appointed by Democrats | Republican/ Democrat/ vacant | Percentage of total seats appointed by Republicans | Percentage of total seats appointed by Democrats | Percentage of total seats currently vacant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 29 | 48% | 52% | 13 / 14 / 2 | 45% | 48% | 7% |
| 2nd | 63 | 31% | 69% | 17 / 37 / 9 | 27% | 59% | 14% |
| 3rd | 59 | 56% | 44% | 29 / 23 / 7 | 49% | 39% | 12% |
| 4th | 56 | 49% | 51% | 27 / 28 / 1 | 48% | 50% | 2% |
| 5th | 83 | 65% | 35% | 54 / 29 / — | 65% | 35% | 0% |
| 6th | 63 | 59% | 41% | 36 / 25 / 2 | 57% | 40% | 3% |
| 7th | 47 | 40% | 60% | 18 / 27 / 2 | 38% | 57% | 4% |
| 8th | 44 | 35% | 65% | 15 / 28 / 1 | 34% | 64% | 2% |
| 9th | 110 | 38% | 62% | 33 / 54 / 23 | 30% | 49% | 21% |
| 10th | 41 | 68% | 32% | 26 / 12 / 3 | 61% | 29% | 10% |
| 11th | 69 | 64% | 36% | 43 / 24 / 2 | 62% | 35% | 3% |
| D.C. | 15 | 27% | 73% | 4 / 11 / — | 27% | 73% | 0% |
| Total of 91 District Courts | 679 | 50% | 50% | 315 / 312 / 52 | 46% | 46% | 8% |
District Courts in the First Circuit
As of February 25, 2020:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D. of Maine | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Massachusetts | 13 | 3 | 8 | 2 | — | — | 4 | 2 | — | 1 | — | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| D. of New Hampshire | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| D. of Puerto Rico | 7 | 5 | 2 | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| D. of Rhode Island | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Total | 29 | 13 | 14 | 2 | — | 4 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 2 | — | 2 | 2 | 1 | — | 1 |
District Courts in the Second Circuit
As of February 1, 2021:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D. of Connecticut | 8 | 2 | 4 | 2 | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| E.D. of New York | 16 | 6 | 6 | 4 | — | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — |
| N.D. of New York | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| S.D. of New York | 28 | 7 | 19 | 2 | — | 4 | 6 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| W.D. of New York | 4 | 1 | 3 | — | — | 1 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Vermont | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| Total | 62 | 17 | 37 | 9 | — | 10 | 17 | 14 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
District Courts in the Third Circuit
As of September 9, 2020:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D. of Delaware | 4 | 2 | 2 | — | — | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — |
| D. of New Jersey | 17 | 4 | 7 | 6 | — | — | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | — |
| E.D. of Pennsylvania | 22 | 12 | 9 | 1 | — | 5 | 8 | — | 2 | 5 | 1 |
| M.D. of Pennsylvania | 6 | 3 | 3 | — | — | 1 | — | 3 | — | 2 | — |
| W.D. of Pennsylvania | 10 | 8 | 2 | — | — | 8 | — | 2 | — | — | — |
| Total | 59 | 29 | 23 | 7 | — | 16 | 11 | 11 | 5 | 8 | 1 |
District Courts in the Fourth Circuit
As of December 16, 2020:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D. of Maryland | 10 | 2 | 8 | — | — | 1 | 3 | 4 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| E.D. of North Carolina | 4 | 4 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| M.D. of North Carolina | 4 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| W.D. of North Carolina | 5 | 4 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of South Carolina | 10 | 5 | 5 | — | — | 3 | 1 | 4 | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| E.D. of Virginia | 11 | 5 | 5 | 1 | — | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | — | — | 2 | — | — | — |
| W.D. of Virginia | 4 | 1 | 3 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| N.D. of West Virginia | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| S.D. of West Virginia | 5 | 2 | 3 | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Total | 56 | 27 | 28 | 1 | — | 12 | 7 | 15 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 1 | — | 1 |
District Courts in the Fifth Circuit
As of December 1, 2020:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E.D. of Louisiana | 12 | 6 | 6 | — | — | 3 | — | 3 | — | 2 | 1 | 2 | — | — | 1 |
| M.D. of Louisiana | 3 | — | 3 | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| W.D. of Louisiana | 7 | 6 | 1 | — | — | 5 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| N.D. of Mississippi | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| S.D. of Mississippi | 6 | 5 | 1 | — | — | 2 | — | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 1 | — |
| E.D. of Texas | 8 | 5 | 3 | — | — | 4 | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| N.D. of Texas | 12 | 10 | 2 | — | — | 6 | — | — | 1 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| S.D. of Texas | 19 | 11 | 8 | — | — | 5 | 3 | 3 | — | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| W.D. of Texas | 13 | 9 | 4 | — | — | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | 6 | — | 2 | — | — | — |
| Total | 83 | 54 | 29 | — | — | 28 | 9 | 11 | 4 | 17 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
District Courts in the Sixth Circuit
As of January 31, 2021:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E.D. of Kentucky | 6 | 6 | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | 1 | 3 | — | — |
| W.D. of Kentucky | 5 | 3 | 2 | — | — | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| E.D. of Michigan | 15 | 4 | 11 | — | — | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | — | 2 | 2 |
| W.D. of Michigan | 4 | 4 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 3 | — | — | — |
| N.D. of Ohio | 11 | 5 | 4 | 2 | — | 3 | — | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | 2 |
| S.D. of Ohio | 8 | 5 | 3 | — | — | 4 | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| E.D. of Tennessee | 5 | 4 | 1 | — | — | 3 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| M.D. of Tennessee | 4 | 2 | 2 | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — |
| W.D. of Tennessee | 5 | 3 | 2 | — | — | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Total | 63 | 36 | 25 | 2 | — | 21 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 5 |
Note: Judge Claria Horn Boom (Trump appointee) currently serves both the Eastern & Western Districts of Kentucky
District Courts in the Seventh Circuit
As of January 23, 2021:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C.D. of Illinois | 4 | — | 4 | — | — | — | 1 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| N.D. of Illinois | 22 | 9 | 13 | — | — | 6 | 5 | 6 | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — | 1 |
| S.D. of Illinois | 4 | 2 | 2 | — | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| N.D. of Indiana | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | 2 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| S.D. of Indiana | 5 | 2 | 3 | — | — | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| E.D. of Wisconsin | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — |
| W.D. of Wisconsin | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Total | 47 | 18 | 27 | 2 | — | 13 | 10 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 4 | — | — | 1 | 1 |
District Courts in the Eighth Circuit
As of August 4, 2020:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E.D. of Arkansas | 5 | 2 | 3 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — |
| W.D. of Arkansas | 3 | — | 3 | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| N.D. of Iowa | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| S.D. of Iowa | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| D. Minnesota | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | — | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| E.D. of Missouri | 9 | 4 | 5 | — | — | 3 | 1 | 3 | — | 1 | 1 | — |
| W.D. of Missouri | 7 | 1 | 6 | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| D. of Nebraska | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| D. of North Dakota | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of South Dakota | 3 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | 1 | — |
| Total | 44 | 15 | 28 | 1 | — | 10 | 10 | 14 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Note: Judge Rodney Sippel (Clinton appointee) currently serves in both the Eastern & Western Districts of Missouri. Judge Brian Wimes (Obama appointee) also currently serves in both the Eastern & Western Districts of Missouri.
District Courts in the Ninth Circuit
As of February 1, 2021:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D. of Alaska | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Arizona | 13 | 6 | 7 | — | — | 5 | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| C.D. of California | 28 | 13 | 9 | 6 | — | 4 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 2 | — | — | 1 |
| E.D. of California | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | — | — | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| N.D. of California | 14 | — | 11 | 3 | — | — | 6 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| S.D. of California | 13 | 4 | 4 | 5 | — | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Hawaii | 4 | 2 | 2 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Idaho | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| D. of Montana | 3 | — | 3 | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Nevada | 7 | — | 5 | 2 | — | — | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Oregon | 6 | 2 | 4 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| E.D. of Washington | 4 | — | 4 | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| W.D. of Washington | 7 | 2 | — | 5 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| Total | 110 | 33 | 54 | 23 | — | 14 | 26 | 24 | 9 | 10 | 3 | 1 | — | 1 |
District Courts in the Tenth Circuit
As of November 17, 2020:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D. of Colorado | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Kansas | 6 | 5 | 1 | — | — | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| D. of New Mexico | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | 2 | — | 1 | — | — |
| E.D. of Oklahoma | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| N.D. of Oklahoma | 4 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| W.D. of Oklahoma | 7 | 7 | — | — | — | 6 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Utah | 5 | 2 | 3 | — | — | 2 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Wyoming | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| Total | 41 | 26 | 12 | 3 | — | 15 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 5 | — | 1 | — | 1 |
Note: Judge John Heil III (Trump appointee) currently serves on the Eastern, Northern, & Western Districts of Oklahoma
District Courts in the Eleventh Circuit
As of November 18, 2020:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M.D. of Alabama | 3 | 2 | — | 1 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| N.D. of Alabama | 8 | 6 | 2 | — | — | 4 | 1 | 1 | — | 2 | — | — | — |
| S.D. of Alabama | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| M.D. of Florida | 15 | 9 | 6 | — | — | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| N.D. of Florida | 4 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 2 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| S.D. of Florida | 18 | 10 | 7 | 1 | — | 5 | 3 | 2 | — | 3 | 2 | — | 2 |
| M.D. of Georgia | 4 | 2 | 2 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| N.D. of Georgia | 11 | 5 | 6 | — | — | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — |
| S.D. of Georgia | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| Total | 69 | 43 | 24 | 2 | — | 26 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 8 | 3 | — | 3 |
District Court in the D.C. Circuit
As of May 22, 2019:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D. of Columbia | 15 | 4 | 11 | — | — | 4 | 5 | 4 | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 15 | 4 | 11 | — | — | 4 | 5 | 4 | — | — | 1 | 1 |
United States Court of International Trade
The United States Court of International Trade is an Article III court, with full powers in law and equity, established by the Customs Court Act of 1980 to replace the United States Customs Court.
As of November 18, 2020:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JRB | DJT | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 9 | 4 | 4 | 1 | — | 3 | 4 | — | — | 1 |
| 2020 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 1 | — | 3 | 4 | — | — | 1 |
Acronym key
| Acronym | President | Term | Date range |
|---|---|---|---|
| JRB | Joseph Biden | current | January 20, 2021 - present |
| DJT | Donald Trump | only | January 20, 2017 - January 20, 2021 |
| BHO 2 | Barack Obama | second | January 20, 2013 - January 20, 2017 |
| BHO 1 | Barack Obama | first | January 20, 2009 - January 20, 2013 |
| GWB 2 | George W. Bush | second | January 20, 2005 - January 20, 2009 |
| GWB 1 | George W. Bush | first | January 20, 2001 - January 20, 2005 |
| WJC 2 | Bill Clinton | second | January 20, 1997 - January 20, 2001 |
| WJC 1 | Bill Clinton | first | January 20, 1993 - January 20, 1997 |
| GHWB | George H. W. Bush | only | January 20, 1989 - January 20, 1993 |
| RWR 2 | Ronald Reagan | second | January 20, 1985 - January 20, 1989 |
| RWR 1 | Ronald Reagan | first | January 20, 1981 - January 20, 1985 |
| JEC | Jimmy Carter | only | January 20, 1977 - January 20, 1981 |
| RMN/GRF | Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford | split | January 20, 1973 - January 20, 1977 |
| RMN 1 | Richard Nixon | first | January 20, 1969 - January 20, 1973 |
| LBJ 2 | Lyndon Johnson | second | January 20, 1965 - January 20, 1969 |
| JFK/LBJ | John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson | split | January 20, 1961 - January 20, 1965 |
| DDE 2 | Dwight Eisenhower | second | January 20, 1957 - January 20, 1961 |
| DDE 1 | Dwight Eisenhower | first | January 20, 1953 - January 20, 1957 |
| HST 2 | Harry Truman | second | January 20, 1949 - January 20, 1953 |
| FDR/HST | Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman | split | January 20, 1945 - January 20, 1949 |
| FDR 3 | Franklin Roosevelt | third | January 20, 1941 - January 20, 1945 |
| FDR 2 | Franklin Roosevelt | second | January 20, 1937 - January 20, 1941 |
| FDR 1 | Franklin Roosevelt | first | March 4, 1933 - January 20, 1937 |
| HCH | Herbert Hoover | only | March 4, 1929 - March 4, 1933 |
| JCC 2 | Calvin Coolidge | second | March 4, 1925 - March 4, 1929 |
| WGH/JCC | Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge | split | March 4, 1921 - March 4, 1925 |
| TWW 2 | Woodrow Wilson | second | March 4, 1917 - March 4, 1921 |
| TWW 1 | Woodrow Wilson | first | March 4, 1913 - March 4, 1917 |
| WHT | William Howard Taft | only | March 4, 1909 - March 4, 1913 |
| TR 2 | Theodore Roosevelt | second | March 4, 1905 - March 4, 1909 |
| WMK/TR | William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt | split | March 4, 1901 - March 4, 1905 |
| WMK 1 | William McKinley | first | March 4, 1897 - March 4, 1901 |
| SGC 2 | Grover Cleveland | second | March 4, 1893 - March 4, 1897 |
| BH | Benjamin Harrison | only | March 4, 1889 - March 4, 1893 |
| SGC 1 | Grover Cleveland | first | March 4, 1885 - March 4, 1889 |
| JAG/CAA | James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur | split | March 4, 1881 - March 4, 1885 |
| RBH | Rutherford B. Hayes | only | March 4, 1877 - March 4, 1881 |
| USG 2 | Ulysses S. Grant | second | March 4, 1873 - March 4, 1877 |
| USG 1 | Ulysses S. Grant | first | March 4, 1869 - March 4, 1873 |
| AL/AJ | Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson | split | March 4, 1865 - March 4, 1869 |
| AL 1 | Abraham Lincoln | first | March 4, 1861 - March 4, 1865 |
See also
References
- "The Supreme Court Was Never Meant to Be Political". www.wsj.com. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- "The Unfortunate Politicization of Judicial Confirmation Hearings". www.theatlantic.com. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- "It took conservatives 50 years to get a reliable majority on the Supreme Court. Here are 3 reasons why". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- "Kavanaugh Confirmation Solidifies Supreme Court Tilt to the Right". www.rollcall.com. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- "With Lagoa Confirmed to 11th Circuit, Trump Flips a Third Appeals Court to GOP Majority". www.law.com. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
- "Senate Confirms Controversial Judicial Nominee, Flipping Court That Will Decide Trump Subpoena Cases". www.slate.com. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
- "Majority of U.S. Appeals Courts Now Have GOP-Appointed Edge". news.bloomberglaw.com. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
- "How Trump is shifting the most important courts in the country". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- "With another Supreme Court pick, Trump is leaving his mark on higher federal courts". www.pewresearch.org. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- "Justices tend to agree with presidents that pick them — but stray later". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- "Judgeship Appointments By President". United States Courts. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
- "Text of H.R. 660 (110th): Court Security Improvement Act of 2007 (Passed Congress/Enrolled Bill version) - GovTrack.us". GovTrack.us.
- Federal Judgeships, United States Courts.
External links
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