Kansas's 1st congressional district

Kansas's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kansas. Commonly known as "The Big First", the district encompasses all or part of 63 counties in western and northern Kansas (more than half of the state), making it the seventh-largest district in the nation that does not cover an entire state.

Kansas's 1st congressional district
Kansas's 1st congressional district - since January 3, 2013.
Representative
  Tracey Mann
RSalina
Population (2019)694,498[1]
Median household
income
$55,188[2]
Ethnicity
Cook PVIR+24[3]

Located within the district are Manhattan, Salina, Dodge City, Emporia, Garden City, Hays and Hutchinson. From 2011 to 2017, the district was represented by Republican Tim Huelskamp who was originally elected in 2010 to succeed fellow Republican Jerry Moran who ran successfully for the U.S. Senate seat formerly held by Sam Brownback. Huelskamp was re-elected twice in 2012 and 2014, but lost the 2016 Republican primary for a fourth term to obstetrician Roger Marshall.[4]

Marshall won re-election in 2018, then was elected to the United States Senate in 2020. He was replaced in the House by former Lieutenant Governor Tracey Mann of Salina. Mann will become the first representative for the district to reside east of US Highway 281 since the district assumed its current configuration in the 88th Congress.

A characteristically rural district, the 1st congressional district is one of the most Republican districts in the nation, having a Cook PVI rating of R+24. Republicans dominate every level of government, often winning by often over 70 percent of the vote on the occasions they face any opposition at all. Since assuming its present configuration in 1963, it has never elected a Democrat. In general, Riley County is the only county in the district where Democrats are competitive, due to sizable presence of Kansas State University. It covers two time zones (it includes all of Kansas's share of the Mountain Time Zone) and parts of three television markets (Topeka and Wichita, as well as Lincoln, Nebraska). Due to its size, its congressman usually becomes a statewide political figure. Proving this, four of the district's former congressmen were later elected to the U.S. Senate: Bob Dole, Pat Roberts, Jerry Moran and Roger Marshall.

The district typically gives its congressmen very long tenures in Washington. From the time it assumed its present configuration in 1963 until 2011, it was held by just four members: Bob Dole, Keith Sebelius, Roberts and Moran.

History

Kansas had a single representative in the U.S. House of Representatives until after the 1870 U.S. Census, which showed that the state was entitled to three members of the lower branch of the national legislature. In 1872 three representatives-at-large were elected, but by the act of March 2, 1874, the legislature divided the state into three districts. The 1st congressional district was composed of the counties of Leavenworth, Doniphan, Brown, Nemaha, Marshall, Washington, Republic, Jewell, Smith, Phillips, Norton, Graham, Rooks, Osborne, Mitchell, Cloud, Clay, Ottawa, Ellis, Ellsworth, Russell, Saline, Dickinson, Lincoln, Riley, Pottawatomie, Jackson, Jefferson, Atchison, Davis (Geary), "and all that territory lying north of the second standard parallel."

No changes were made in until after the 1880 U.S. census, which gave the state seven representatives. On March 5, 1883, Governor George Washington Glick approved an act of the legislature which reduced the 1st congressional district to only include the counties of Nemaha, Brown, Doniphan, Pottawatomie, Jackson, Atchison, Jefferson and Leavenworth. The apportionment was amended by the act of March 13, 1897, which placed Shawnee County in the 1st congressional district and Pottawatomie County in the 4th congressional district.

Although the 1890 U.S. Census showed the population of Kansas to be large enough to entitle the state to eight representatives, no additional district was created until 1905. By the act of March 9, 1905, the state was divided into eight districts with the 1st congressional district being composed of the counties of Nemaha, Brown, Doniphan, Jackson, Atchison, Jefferson, Leavenworth and Shawnee.[5]

The district's current configuration dates from the 1960 U.S. Census, when Kansas was reduced from six districts to five. The old 2nd congressional district was eliminated, and most of its territory was merged with the old 6th congressional district—represented by Bob Dole—to form the new 1st district. It has remained more or less the same since then, and has been considerably enlarged due to the state's population shifts to the eastern side of the state bordering Missouri.

The state's current districting dates from the 1990 U.S. Census, when Kansas was reduced from five districts to four. The current borders were established in 2012 by a panel of three federal judges, after the Kansas Legislature failed to pass new district maps.[6]

Demographics

2000 census demographics

Following redistricting after the U.S. Census in 2000,[7] there were 672,091 people, 260,490 households, and 177,858 families residing in the district. The population density was 11.7/mi2 over a land area of 57,373 square miles (roughly the same size as the state of Illinois). There were 292,436 housing units at an average density of 5.1/mi2. The racial makeup of the district is 89.02% White, 2.14% Black or African American, 0.95% Asian, 0.52% Native American, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 5.62% from other races, and 1.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.85% of the population.

There were 260,490 households, out of which 34.52% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.30% were married couples living together, 7.65% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.72% were non-families. 27.58% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.75% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the district the population distribution by age was 26.46% under the age of 18, 9.50% from 18 to 24, 26.27% from 25 to 44, 21.41% from 45 to 64, and 16.36% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.9 years. For every 100 females there were 98.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.80 males.

The median income for a household in the district is $34,869, and the median income for a family was $42,292. Males had a median income of $29,662 versus $20,851 for females. The per capita income for the district was $17,255. About 7.8% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.4% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.

Among the population aged 16 years and older, 65.1% was in the civilian labor force and 0.4% were in the armed forces. Of the employed civilian workers, 16.3% were government workers and 11.4% were self-employed. Management, professional, and related occupations employed 29.4% of the work force and sales and office occupations an additional 23.4%. Only 2.7% were employed in farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. The largest employment by industry was: educational, health and social services, 22.7%; manufacturing, 13.8%; retail trade, 11.7%; and agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining, 10.1%.

List of members representing the district

Member
(District residence)
Party Years Cong
ress
Electoral history
District created March 4, 1875

William A. Phillips
([data unknown/missing])
Republican March 4, 1875 –
March 3, 1879
44th
45th
Redistricted from the At-large district and Re-elected in 1874.
Re-elected in 1876.
Lost renomination.

John A. Anderson
([data unknown/missing])
Republican March 4, 1879 –
March 3, 1885
46th
47th
48th
Elected in 1878.
Re-elected in 1880.
Re-elected in 1882.
Redistricted to the 5th district.

Edmund N. Morrill
([data unknown/missing])
Republican March 4, 1885 –
March 3, 1891
49th
50th
51st
Redistricted from the at-large district and re-elected in 1884.
Re-elected in 1886.
Re-elected in 1888.
Retired.

Case Broderick
([data unknown/missing])
Republican March 4, 1891 –
March 3, 1899
52nd
53rd
54th
55th
Elected in 1890.
Re-elected in 1892.
Re-elected in 1894.
Re-elected in 1896.
Lost renomination.

Charles Curtis
([data unknown/missing])
Republican March 4, 1899 –
January 28, 1907
56th
57th
58th
59th
Redistricted from the 4th district and re-elected in 1898.
Re-elected in 1900.
Re-elected in 1902.
Re-elected in 1904.
Re-elected in 1906 but resigned when elected U.S. senator.

Daniel R. Anthony Jr.
([data unknown/missing])
Republican May 23, 1907 –
March 3, 1929
60th
61st
62nd
63rd
64th
65th
66th
67th
68th
69th
70th
Elected to finish Curtis's term.
Re-elected in 1908.
Re-elected in 1910.
Re-elected in 1912.
Re-elected in 1914.
Re-elected in 1916.
Re-elected in 1918.
Re-elected in 1920.
Re-elected in 1922.
Re-elected in 1924.
Re-elected in 1926.
Retired.

William Lambertson
([data unknown/missing])
Republican March 4, 1929 –
January 3, 1945
71st
72nd
73rd
74th
75th
76th
77th
78th
Elected in 1928.
Re-elected in 1930.
Re-elected in 1932.
Re-elected in 1934.
Re-elected in 1936.
Re-elected in 1938.
Re-elected in 1940.
Re-elected in 1942.
Lost renomination.

Albert M. Cole
([data unknown/missing])
Republican January 3, 1945 –
January 3, 1953
79th
80th
81st
82nd
Elected in 1944.
Re-elected in 1946.
Re-elected in 1948.
Re-elected in 1950.
Lost re-election.

Howard S. Miller
([data unknown/missing])
Democratic January 3, 1953 –
January 3, 1955
83rd Elected in 1952.
Lost re-election.

William H. Avery
(Wakefield)
Republican January 3, 1955 –
January 3, 1963
84th
85th
86th
87th
Elected in 1954.
Re-elected in 1956.
Re-elected in 1958.
Re-elected in 1960.
Redistricted to the 2nd district.

Bob Dole
(Russell)
Republican January 3, 1963 –
January 3, 1969
88th
89th
90th
Redistricted from the 6th district and re-elected in 1962.
Re-elected in 1964.
Re-elected in 1966.
Retired to run for U.S. senator.

Keith Sebelius
(Norton)
Republican January 3, 1969 –
January 3, 1981
92nd
93rd
94th
95th
96th
Elected in 1968.
Re-elected in 1970.
Re-elected in 1972.
Re-elected in 1974.
Re-elected in 1976.
Re-elected in 1978.
Retired.

Pat Roberts
(Dodge City)
Republican January 3, 1981 –
January 3, 1997
97th
98th
99th
100th
101st
102nd
103rd
104th
Elected in 1980.
Re-elected in 1982.
Re-elected in 1984.
Re-elected in 1986.
Re-elected in 1988.
Re-elected in 1990.
Re-elected in 1992.
Re-elected in 1994.
Retired to run for U.S. senator.

Jerry Moran
(Hays)
Republican January 3, 1997 –
January 3, 2011
105th
106th
107th
108th
109th
110th
111th
Elected in 1996.
Re-elected in 1998.
Re-elected in 2000.
Re-elected in 2002.
Re-elected in 2004.
Re-elected in 2006.
Re-elected in 2008.
Retired to run for U.S. senator.

Tim Huelskamp
(Fowler)
Republican January 3, 2011 –
January 3, 2017
112th
113th
114th
115th
Elected in 2010.
Re-elected in 2012.
Re-elected in 2014.
Lost renomination.

Roger Marshall
(Great Bend)
Republican January 3, 2017 –
January 3, 2021
115th
116th
Elected in 2016.
Re-elected in 2018.
Retired to run for U.S. senator.

Tracey Mann
(Salina)
Republican January 3, 2021 –
Present
117th Elected in 2020.

Election results from presidential races

Year Office Results
2000 President George W. Bush 67 – Al Gore 29%
2004 George W. Bush 72 – John Kerry 26%
2008 John McCain 69 – Barack Obama 30%
2012 Mitt Romney 70 – Barack Obama 28%
2016 Donald Trump 69 – Hillary Clinton 24%
2020 Donald Trump 70 – Joe Biden 28%

Recent election results

2002

Kansas's 1st congressional district election (2002)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jerry Moran* 186,850 91.10
Libertarian Jack Warner 18,250 8.90
Total votes 205,100 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2004

Kansas's 1st congressional district election (2004)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jerry Moran* 239,776 90.72
Libertarian Jack Warner 24,517 9.28
Total votes 264,293 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2006

Kansas's 1st congressional district election (2006)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jerry Moran* 153,298 78.65
Democratic John Doll 38,820 19.92
Reform Sylvester Cain 2,792 1.43
Total votes 194,910 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2008

Kansas's 1st congressional district election (2008)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jerry Moran* 214,549 81.88
Democratic James Bordonaro 34,771 13.27
Reform Kathleen Burton 7,145 2.73
Libertarian Jack Warner 5,562 2.12
Total votes 262,027 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2010

Kansas's 1st congressional district election (2010)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Tim Huelskamp 142,281 73.76
Democratic Alan Jilka 44,068 22.85
Libertarian Jack Warner 6,537 3.39
Total votes 192,886 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2012

Kansas's 1st congressional district election (2012)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Tim Huelskamp (incumbent) 211,337 100
Total votes 211,337 100
Republican hold

2014

Kansas's 1st congressional district election (2014)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Tim Huelskamp (incumbent) 138,764 67.97
Democratic James Sherow 65,397 32.03
Total votes 204,161 100
Republican hold

2016

Kansas's 1st congressional district election (2016)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Roger Marshall 166,051 66.24%
Independent Alan LaPolice 66,218 26.41%
Libertarian Kerry Burt 18,415 7.35%
Total votes 250,684 100%
Republican hold

2018

Kansas's 1st congressional district election (2018)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Roger Marshall (incumbent) 153,082 68.1
Democratic Alan LaPolice 71,558 31.9
Total votes 224,640 100.0
Republican hold

2020

Kansas's 1st congressional district election (2020)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Tracey Mann 208,229 71.2
Democratic Kali Barnett 84,393 28.8
Total votes 292,622 100.0
Republican hold

Historical district boundaries

2003–2013

See also

References

  1. https://www.census.gov/fastfacts/
  2. https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=20&cd=01
  3. "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
  4. Chokshi, Niraj; Mele, Christopher (August 3, 2016). "Tim Huelskamp, Anti-Establishment House Republican, Loses Primary in Kansas". The New York Times. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
  5. Frank W. Blackmar, ed. (1912). "Congressional Districts". Kansas: a cyclopedia of state history, embracing events, institutions, industries, counties, cities, towns, prominent persons, etc ... I. Chicago: Standard Pub Co. pp. 400–401. Archived from the original on 2006-10-10. Retrieved 2006-09-06.
  6. http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2012/jun/08/lawrence-placed-entirely-2nd-district-under-congre/
  7. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.

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