Khun Phiphit Wathi

Khun Phiphit Wathi (Thai: ขุนพิพิธวาที), or Luang Phiphit (หลวงพิพิธ),[1] Phraya Phiphit (พระยาพิพิธ),[2] Phraya Rachasethi Chin (พระยาราชาเศรษฐี จีน), was a general of Thonburi Kingdom, Siam.

His personal name was Chiam (เจียม),[3] he was a Teochew Chinese,[2] he also had a Chinese name, Tang Lieng (ตังเลี้ยง, pronounced in Tewchew; Chinese: 陳聯; pinyin: Chén Lián). In Vietnamese records, he was mentioned as Chiêu Khoa Liên (昭科聯, เจ้าขรัวเหลียน) or Trần Liên (陳聯); his official rank was Chiêu Khoa (昭科), which might be the generic Thai term for a high-ranking official: Chao Khun (เจ้าขุน).[3]

Chiam was a chief of the Chinese junk fleet in Trat.[4] King Bhumibol Adulyadej thought that Trần Liên probably be the same person Trần Thái (陳太).[3] In 1769, Trần Thái tried to attack Hà Tiên from nearby Bạch Mã hill, but was defeated and fled to Chantaburi. In there, Trần Thái was enlisted the support of Taksin, the new king of Siam.[5]

In 1769, a Hà Tiên navy under Trần Hầu (Trần Đại Lực) was sent to attack Chantaburi.[6] Chiam was appointed as the new deputy governor of Trat with the title Phraya Phiphit.[4] He defeated the Hà Tiên navy and forced them to retreat.[5]

Chiam was appointed Phra Khlang by Taksin.[7] A Burmese map showed his house surrounded by Teochiu communities, perhaps indicating that he had the capacity as a leader of Teochew Chinese in the city.[2]

Chiam took part in Taksin's Hà Tiên expedition of 1771. After the capture of Hà Tiên, Chiam was appointed the governor with the title Phraya Rachasethi.[8] His position "Phra Khlang" was succeeded another Chinese, Phraya Phichai Aisawan (Yang Chin-chong) (พระยาพิชัยไอศวรร).[7] He was called Phraya Rachasethi Chin (พระยาราชาเศรษฐี จีน, lit. "Phraya Rachasethi the Chinese") to distinguish with the Vietnamese former governor, Mạc Thiên Tứ. Two years later, Taksin reached an accommodation with Vietnamese. Chiam returned to Siam.

Chiam remained the title "Phraya Phiphit" during Rama I's reign.

References

นิธิ เอียวศรีวงศ์ (2004). การเมืองไทยสมัยพระเจ้ากรุงธนบุรี พ.11 (in Thai). Matichon Public Company Limited. p. 248. ISBN 9789743230561.
The Emergence of the Kingdom of Thonburi in the Context of the Chinese Era 1727-1782 (PDF). p. 114. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-12-05. Retrieved 2019-02-22.
Bhumibol Adulyadej (King of Thailand) (1999). From Japan to Arabia: Ayutthaya's maritime relations with Asia. Toyota Thailand Foundation. p. 189. ISBN 9789748718385.
Bhumibol Adulyadej (King of Thailand) (1999). From Japan to Arabia: Ayutthaya's maritime relations with Asia. Toyota Thailand Foundation. p. 179. ISBN 9789748718385.
Cooke, Nola; Li, Tana (2004), Water frontier: commerce and the Chinese in the Lower Mekong Region, 1750-1880, Rowman & Littlefield, p. 44–46, ISBN 978-0-7425-3083-6
Vũ Thế Dinh, Hà Tiên trấn Hiệp trấn Mạc thị gia phả, bản A.39, Thư viện Hán Nôm, Hà Nội, tờ 8a-8b.
Wang Gungwu; Ng Chin-Keong (2004). Maritime China in Transition 1750-1850. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 347. ISBN 3-447-05036-5.
Thiphakorawong; Yunesuko Higashi Ajia Bunka Kenkyū Sentā (1978). The Dynastic Chronicles, Bangkok Era, the First Reign: Text. Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies. p. 22.

Regnal titles
Preceded by Mạc Thiên Tứ	Ruler of Hà Tiên 1771–1773	Succeeded by Mạc Thiên Tứ

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[1] นิธิ เอียวศรีวงศ์ (2004). การเมืองไทยสมัยพระเจ้ากรุงธนบุรี พ.11 (in Thai). Matichon Public Company Limited. p. 248. ISBN 9789743230561.

[Emergence-2] The Emergence of the Kingdom of Thonburi in the Context of the Chinese Era 1727-1782 (PDF). p. 114. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-12-05. Retrieved 2019-02-22.

[Ayutthaya189-3] Bhumibol Adulyadej (King of Thailand) (1999). From Japan to Arabia: Ayutthaya's maritime relations with Asia. Toyota Thailand Foundation. p. 189. ISBN 9789748718385.

[Ayutthaya179-4] Bhumibol Adulyadej (King of Thailand) (1999). From Japan to Arabia: Ayutthaya's maritime relations with Asia. Toyota Thailand Foundation. p. 179. ISBN 9789748718385.

[cooke44-5] Cooke, Nola; Li, Tana (2004), Water frontier: commerce and the Chinese in the Lower Mekong Region, 1750-1880, Rowman & Littlefield, p. 44–46, ISBN 978-0-7425-3083-6

[6] Vũ Thế Dinh, Hà Tiên trấn Hiệp trấn Mạc thị gia phả, bản A.39, Thư viện Hán Nôm, Hà Nội, tờ 8a-8b.

[maritime-7] Wang Gungwu; Ng Chin-Keong (2004). Maritime China in Transition 1750-1850. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 347. ISBN 3-447-05036-5.

[8] Thiphakorawong; Yunesuko Higashi Ajia Bunka Kenkyū Sentā (1978). The Dynastic Chronicles, Bangkok Era, the First Reign: Text. Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies. p. 22.