Klute

Klute is a 1971 American neo-noir crime thriller film directed and produced by Alan J. Pakula, written by Andy and Dave Lewis, and starring Jane Fonda, Donald Sutherland, Charles Cioffi, and Roy Scheider. The film follows a high-priced call girl who assists a detective in solving a missing persons case.[2]

Klute
Theatrical release poster
Directed byAlan J. Pakula
Produced byAlan J. Pakula
Written byAndy Lewis
Dave Lewis
StarringJane Fonda
Donald Sutherland
Charles Cioffi
Roy Scheider
Music byMichael Small
CinematographyGordon Willis
Edited byCarl Lerner
Production
company
Gus Productions
Distributed byWarner Bros.
Release date
  • June 25, 1971 (1971-06-25) (United States)
Running time
114 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$2.5 million
Box office$12 million[1]

Klute is the first installment of what has informally come to be known as Pakula's "paranoia trilogy". The other two films are The Parallax View (1974) and All the President's Men (1976). The film was theatrically released on June 25, 1971 by Warner Bros, grossing $12 million against a $2.5 million budget. Reviewers praised the film's direction, screenplay and most notably Fonda's performance. It received two nominations at the 44th Academy Awards; Best Original Screenplay, with Fonda winning Best Actress.

Plot

A Pennsylvania chemical company executive, Tom Gruneman, disappears. The police find an obscene letter in Gruneman's office addressed to a New York City prostitute named Bree Daniels, who had received several such letters. After six months of fruitless police work, Peter Cable, a fellow executive at Gruneman's company, hires family friend and detective John Klute to investigate Gruneman's disappearance.

Klute rents an apartment in the basement of Bree's building, taps her phone, and follows her as she turns tricks. Bree appears to enjoy the freedom of freelancing as a call girl while auditioning for acting and modelling jobs, but she reveals the emptiness of her life to her psychiatrist.

Bree refuses to answer Klute's questions at first. After learning that he has been watching her, Bree says she does not recognize Gruneman. She acknowledges being beaten by a john two years earlier, but cannot identify Gruneman from a photo.

Bree takes Klute to meet her former pimp, Frank Ligourin, who managed Jane McKenna, a prostitute who referred the abusive client to Bree. McKenna has apparently committed suicide, and their other colleague Arlyn Page has since become a drug addict and disappeared.

Klute and Bree develop a romance, although she tells her psychiatrist that she wishes she could go back to "just feeling numb" turning tricks. She tells Klute she is paranoid that she is being watched. They find Page, who tells them the client in the photo is not Gruneman, but an older man instead. Page's body is later found in the river. Klute connects the "suicides" of the two prostitutes, surmising that the client was using Gruneman's name. She also thinks he killed Gruneman and might kill her next. Klute revisits Gruneman's acquaintances. By typographic comparison, the obscene letters are traced to Cable, to whom Klute has been reporting during his investigation.

Klute asks Cable for money to buy the "black book" of McKenna's client's to learn the identity of the abusive client. He leaves enough bread crumbs to see whether Cable reveals his own complicity in the murders.

Cable follows Bree to a client's office and reveals that he sent her the letters. After Gruneman accidentally found him having sex with McKenna, Cable worried Gruneman would use the incident to sabotage his career. Cable tried to frame Gruneman by planting the letter in his office. After playing an audiotape he made as he murdered Page, he attacks Bree. When he sees Klute rush in, Cable jumps through a window to his death.

Bree moves out of her apartment with Klute's help. A voiceover conversation with her psychiatrist reveals her fear of being able to adapt to domestic life, and she jokes that the doctor will likely see her next week. As they are leaving the apartment, Bree gets a telephone call from a client; she tells him she is leaving New York and does not expect to return.

Cast

Production

Development

To prepare for her role as Bree, Jane Fonda spent a week in New York City observing high-class call girls and madams; she also accompanied them on their outings to after hours clubs to pick up men. Fonda was disturbed that none of the men showed interest in her, which she believed was because they could see that she was really just an "upper-class, privileged pretender".[3]

Fonda had doubts about whether she could portray the role and asked Alan Pakula to release her from her contract and hire Faye Dunaway instead, but Pakula refused. Eventually, Fonda turned to her memories of several call girls she had known while living in France, all of whom worked for the famed Madame Claude. All three had been sexually abused as children, and Fonda used this as an "entry" to her own character, and as a way to understand Bree's motivations in becoming a prostitute.[4]

Release

Home media

Klute was released on DVD in 2005, and on Blu-ray by The Criterion Collection in July 2019.[5]

Reception

Box office

The film earned US$8 million (equivalent to $50,504,519 in 2019) in theatrical rentals at the North American box office.[6]

Critical response

Jane Fonda's performance won her the Academy Award for Best Actress.

Klute was praised for its screenplay and Fonda's performance. On Rotten Tomatoes, Klute holds an approval rating of 93% based on 40 reviews, with an average rating of 8.19/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "Donald Sutherland is coolly commanding and Jane Fonda a force of nature in Klute, a cuttingly intelligent thriller that generates its most agonizing tension from its stars' repartee." On Metacritic, which assigns a rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 81 out of 100, based on 47 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[7]

Roger Ebert of The Chicago Sun-Times gave Klute 3.5 stars out of a possible 4, writing that while the thriller elements were poorly executed, the performances of Sutherland and especially Fonda carried the film. He suggested that the film should have been titled Bree after her character, who is the soul of the movie and avoids the hooker with a heart of gold stereotype:

"What is it about Jane Fonda that makes her such a fascinating actress to watch? She has a sort of nervous intensity that keeps her so firmly locked into a film character that the character actually seems distracted by things that come up in the movie."[8]

Fonda's performance received widespread praise. The Rotten Tomatoes consensus declared: "Fonda makes all the right choices, from the mechanics of her walk and her voice inflection to the penetration of the girl's raging psyche. It is a rare performance."[9]

Accolades

Award Category Nominee(s) Result
Academy Awards Best Actress Jane Fonda Won
Best Original Screenplay Andy Lewis and Dave Lewis Nominated
British Academy Film Awards Best Actress in a Leading Role Jane Fonda Nominated
Edgar Allan Poe Awards Best Motion Picture Andy Lewis and Dave Lewis Nominated
Fotogramas de Plata Best Foreign Movie Performer Jane Fonda Won
Gotham Independent Film Awards Classic Film Tribute Award Klute Won
Golden Globe Awards Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama Jane Fonda Won
Best Screenplay – Motion Picture Andy Lewis and Dave Lewis Nominated
Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards Best Actress Jane Fonda Won
NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture Donald Sutherland Won
Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture Jane Fonda Won
National Society of Film Critics Awards Best Actress Won
New York Film Critics Circle Awards Best Actress Won
Writers Guild of America Awards Best Drama – Written Directly for the Screen Andy Lewis and Dave Lewis Nominated

References

  1. "Movie Klute – Box Office Data". The Numbers. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
  2. Silver, Alain; Ward, Elizabeth; eds. (1992). Film Noir: An Encyclopedic Reference to the American Style (3rd ed.). Woodstock, New York: The Overlook Press. ISBN 0-87951-479-5
  3. Susan Lacy (2018). Jane Fonda in Five Acts. HBO Films.
  4. BFI (November 16, 2018). In conversation with...Jane Fonda BFI Comedy Genius. YouTube.com. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
  5. Klute Blu-ray. Blu-ray.com.
  6. "All-Time Film Rental Champs", Variety, January 7, 1976, pg 44.
  7. "Klute". Metacritic. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
  8. Ebert, Roger (January 1, 1971). "Klute Movie Review & Film Summary (1971) | Roger Ebert". www.rogerebert.com.
  9. Movie Reviews for Klute. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved on December 16, 2013 from https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/klute/.
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