Koreans in France

Koreans in France numbered 29,367 individuals as of 2014, making them the 3rd-largest Korean diaspora community in Western Europe, according to South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.[3]

Koreans in France
Total population
29,684[1]
Regions with significant populations
Paris, Villeurbanne, Grenoble, Strasbourg, Toulouse
Languages
Korean, French
Religion
Mahayana Buddhism[2]
Related ethnic groups
Korean diaspora, Koryo-Saram

Migration history

Korean migration to France began in 1919, when the government of France issued work permits to 35 Korean migrant labourers.[4] From a community of just 3,310 in 1988, their numbers more than tripled by 2000, and then grew a further 30% by 2007.[5][6] However, from 2009 to 2011, their population shrank by 14%.[3] The vast majority live in Paris — about two-thirds, according to 2011 data, compared with four-fifths a decade before — with the largest concentrations in the 15th arrondissement. There are more than twice as many women as men; the population has grown more gender-imbalanced as compared to a decade prior.[7][3] Unlike in the United States or Canada, with their large Korean American and Korean Canadian communities, few Koreans in France seek to naturalise as French citizens.[8] Among all South Korean nationals or former nationals in France, 786 (6%) have become French citizens, 2,268 (18%) are permanent residents, 6,325 (50%) are international students, and the remaining 3,305 (26%) hold other kinds of visas.[3]

Aside from South Korean expatriates, children adopted from Korea into French families form another portion of France's Korean population; most were adopted at between ages three and nine.[9] The number of North Korean refugees has also been on the rise.[10]

Education

Koreans in France are served by five Korean-language weekend schools, the oldest and largest of which is the Paris Hangul School, established 18 August 1974; it enrolled 170 students as of 2007.[11] Four others, in Villeurbanne, Grenoble, Strasbourg, and Toulouse, were established between 1994 and 2000; they enrolled a further 78 students.[12][13][14][15] A significant number also attend French universities; in total, about half of the Korean population in France are estimated to be students, falling from two-thirds a decade ago.[7][3]

Inter-ethnic relations

Not many French people know that their country has a Korean community at all.[4] In many cases, Koreans are mistaken for Chinese and thus lumped in as economic refugees.[16]

As of 2001, only about 200 of the South Koreans in France were members of internationally married couples consisting of a South Korean partner and a French partner.[7] Such couples experienced a number of cultural conflicts, most commonly over the rigour of their children's education.[8]

Portrayals in popular culture of Koreans in France include the 2004 South Korean television series Lovers in Paris; its popularity has resulted in an increase in the number of Korean tourists visiting France.[4] A more recent one is Hong Sang-soo's 2008 film Night and Day.[17]

Notable people

See also

References

Notes
  1. 재외동포현황(2019)/Total number of overseas Koreans (2019). South Korea: Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2019. Retrieved 2019-11-09.
  2. "Korean Buddhist organisations in France", World Buddhist Directory, Buddha Dharma Education Association, 2006, retrieved 2009-03-09
  3. MOFAT 2011, p. 259
  4. Lee 2006
  5. Lee-Le Neindre 2001, p. 1
  6. MOFAT 2009
  7. Lee-Le Neindre 2001, p. 2
  8. Lee-Le Neindre 2001, p. 5
  9. Ventureyra & Palliere 2004, p. 208
  10. 프랑스 북한주민돕기위원회: "북한난민처리 기준 결의안 발의, 유럽의회에 올해 요청할 것". Radio Free Asia (in Korean). 2006-01-18. Retrieved 2007-05-30.
  11. NIIED 2007, 파리한글학교
  12. NIIED 2007, 그르노블한국학교
  13. NIIED 2007, 뚜르즈한글학교
  14. NIIED 2007, 리용한글학교
  15. NIIED 2007, 스트라스부르그한글학교
  16. Lee-Le Neindre 2001, p. 3
  17. Fainaru, Dan (2008-02-12), "Night and Day", Screen Daily, retrieved 2012-08-22
  18. Michael, Christopher (2008-04-09), "From despot's PR man to Surrey salesman", The Spectator, archived from the original on 2008-08-02, retrieved 2009-09-01
  19. "Korean Adoptee Becomes French Deputy Minister", Chosun Ilbo, 2012-05-18, retrieved 2012-05-19
  20. Falletti, Sébastien (2011-11-01), "Jean-Vincent Placé renoue avec ses racines coréennes", Le Figaro, retrieved 2012-08-18

Sources
  • Lee, Yang-gu (May 2006), "120th Anniversary of Korea-France Diplomatic Relations", The Korea Foundation Newsletter, 15 (2), retrieved 2008-12-07
  • Lee-Le Neindre, Bouriane (September 2001), "L'interculturel entre l'Orient et l'Occident - les particularités et les difficultés à travers les cas des résidents coréens en France", Actes du VIIIe congrès de l'Association pour la recherche interculturelle (PDF), University of Geneva, retrieved 2008-12-07
  • Ventureyra, Valérie A.G.; Palliere, Christophe (2004), "In search of the lost language: The case of adopted Koreans in France", in Schmid, Monika S. (ed.), First Language Attrition: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Methodological Issues, Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 207–224, ISBN 90-272-4139-2
  • 재외동포현황 [Current Status of Overseas Compatriots] (in Korean), South Korea: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2009, archived from the original on 2010-10-23, retrieved 2009-05-21
  • 재외동포 본문(지역별 상세), Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2011-07-15, retrieved 2012-05-19
  • "Europe", Overseas Korean Educational Institutions, Seoul: National Institute for International Education Development, 2007, archived from the original on 2008-10-12, retrieved 2008-12-07

Further reading
  • Lim, Young-hee (November 2004), "History of Koreans in France", International Conference on Korean Historical Materials and the History of Koreans in Europe, University of Bonn
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