Kreis Znin

Kreis Znin was one of many Kreise (counties) in the northern administrative region of Bromberg, in the Prussian province of Posen, from 1887-1919. Its capital was Znin.

Location of Kreis Znin in the Province of Posen

History

Kreis Znin was created in 1887 out of parts of Kreis Schubin, Kreis Mogilno, and Kreis Wongrowitz. The end of the 19th century was a period of intensive economic development for both urban and rural areas. A sugar factory was built in 1893-94.

Kreis Znin was part of the military command (German: Bezirkskommando) at Gnesen (Gniezno). The main court (German: Landgericht) was in Bromberg (Bydgoszcz), with a lower court (German: Amtsgericht) in the capital city Znin. Each of the cities Gonsawa, Janowitz, Rogowo, and Znin held headquarters of a police district (German: Polizeidistrikt).[1]

Rebels from the territory participated in the Greater Poland Uprising in 1919 after World War I. The Kreis was dissolved in 1919 when the territory became part of the Second Polish Republic. During World War II, the territory of the former Kreis became Landkreis Dietfurt (Wartheland), 1939-1945.

Demographics

According to the census of 1910, the district had a population of 40,210, of which 29,156 (72.51%) spoke Polish, 10,906 (27.12%) spoke German and 133 (0.33%) identified as bilingual.[2]

Transportation

A narrow-gauged railway line of the Prussian Eastern Railway through Żnin was completed from 1894-95. The first section of the 600 mm gauge Kleinbahn des Kreises Znin (local line of Znin County) opened from Znin to Rogowo (19.4 km) on 1 July 1894, together with a branch from Biskupin through Gąsawa to Szelejewo (8.2 km). On 9 June 1895 the Rogowo line was extended by 12.3 km to Ośno. In 1908 a branch to Ostrowce was added, and in 1911 a further 15.8 km branch opened to Obiecanowo. In the following year another 5.5 km branch opened to Wola, and in 1913 the Szelejewo line was extended to Grochowiska Szlacheckie. Finally, a 2 km section from Obiecanowo to Żużoły brought the system up to 78 km.

On 1 June 1889, a railway connection to the regular railway network was completed. This provided direct trains to Hohensalza (Inowrocław), Damasławek, and Rogasen (Rogoźno). By 1 November 1895 it was also connected to Bromberg.

The Wenecja Railway Museum opened in 1972, and contains a collection of at least 17 steam locomotives and a variety of rolling stock and other items. It is situated beside the railway, but the display tracks are not connected to the running lines. The railway also runs past the archaeological museum at Biskupin.

Standesämter

"Standesamt" is the German name of the local civil registration offices which were established in October 1874 soon after the German Empire was formed. Births, marriages and deaths were recorded. Previously, only duplicate copies of church records were used. By 1905, Kreis Znin had the following 13 offices for rural residents:[1]

The standesämter districts of Kreis Znin, Provinz Posen, Prussia/Germany
Standesamt Polish Name
Birkenfelde Brzyskorzystew
Gonsawa Gąsawa
Gutenwerder Dobrylewo
Herrnkirch Zrazim
Janowitz Janowiec Wielkopolski
Klein Laski Laski Małe
Lasskirch Laskowo
Mittelwalde Mięcierzyn
Podau Podobowice
Rogowo Rogowo
Sartschin Żarczyn
Woycin Wójcin
Znin Żnin

Gutenwerder district was created in 1876 from Znin district (Schubin County). Mittelwalde district was created in 1890 from Rogowo district and Klein Laski district was created from Gonsawa district. Herrnkirch district was created in 1899 from Janowitz district. Birkenfelde district was created from Gutenwerder district. Lasskirch district was created in 1905 from Janowitz district and Woycin district was created from Znin district. In addition, the following cities were separate districts for urban residents: Rogowo, Znin.

Table of all communities

Communities Polish Name Standesamt
Bekanowo Bekanówka Birkenfelde
Birkenfelde Brzyskorzystew Birkenfelde
Dochanowo Dochanowo Birkenfelde
Marienwalde Birkenfelde
Paulshof Birkenfelde
Sulinowo Sulinowo Birkenfelde
Biskupin Biskupin Gonsawa
Bölkamühle Bełki Gonsawa
Drewno Drewno Gonsawa
Folluschmühle Folusz Gonsawa
Glowy Głowy Gonsawa
Godawy Godawy Gonsawa
Gonsawa Gąsawa Gonsawa
Gonsawka Mühle Gonsawa
Kiebitzbruch Gonsawa
Komratowo Komratowo Gonsawa
Lysinin Łysinin Gonsawa
Marcinkowo dolne Marcinkowo Dolne Gonsawa
Marcinkowo gorne Marcinkowo Górne Gonsawa
Ocwieka Oćwieka Gonsawa
Osinin Gonsawa
Pniewy Pniewy Gonsawa
Propsteivorwerk Probostwo Gonsawa
Rozagora Gonsawa
Schelejewo Szelejewo Gonsawa
Schelejewo Buden Gonsawa
Schramma Mühle Gonsawa
Venetia Wenecja Gonsawa
Welkenhof Gonsawa
Brzyskorzystewko Brzyskorzystewko Gutenwerder
Gutenwerder Dobrylewo Gutenwerder
Jaroschewo Jaroszewo Gutenwerder
Lawrenzhof Wawrzynki Gutenwerder
Obersee Wilczkowo Gutenwerder
Rettschütz Redczyce Gutenwerder
Sophienfelde Daronice Gutenwerder
Herrnkirch Zrazim Herrnkirch
Marienfeld Obiecanowo Herrnkirch
Skorken Skórki Herrnkirch
Tonndorf Tonowo Herrnkirch
Welna Wełna Herrnkirch
Wiesensee Żużoły Herrnkirch
Zerniki Żerniki Herrnkirch
Bilau Bielawy Janowitz
Brudzin Brudzyń Janowitz
Dembietz Dębiec Janowitz
Dziekczyn Dziekszyn Janowitz
Janowitz Janowiec Wielkopolski Janowitz
Koldromb Kołdrąb Janowitz
Kopiec Janowitz
Lapay Łapaj Janowitz
Poslau Posługowo Janowitz
Puzdrowitz Puzdrowiec Janowitz
Robertowo Janowitz
Sarbinowko Sarbinowko Janowitz
Wloschanowo Włoszanowo Janowitz
Wybranowo Wybranowo Janowitz
Annowo Annowo Klein Laski
Eitelsdorf Nowa Wieś Pałucka Klein Laski
Friedrichswalde Laski Wielkie Klein Laski
Grzmionca Grzmiąca Klein Laski
Klein Laski Laski Małe Klein Laski
Komsdorf Chomiąża Szlachecka Klein Laski
Obudno Obudno Klein Laski
Ostrowce Ostrówce Klein Laski
Piastowo Piastowo Klein Laski
Rosalinowo Rozalinowo Klein Laski
Wiktorowo Wiktorowo Klein Laski
Gontsch Gącz Lasskirch
Kwasuty Lasskirch
Lasskirch Laskowo Lasskirch
Minchau Miniszewo Lasskirch
Oschnau Ośno Lasskirch
Retsch Recz Lasskirch
Schwichowo Lasskirch
Biskupitzmühle Biskupiec Mittelwalde
Bozacin Bożacin Mittelwalde
Budzislaw Budzisław Mittelwalde
Cegielnia Cegielnia Mittelwalde
Coton Cotoń Mittelwalde
Fennbrück Gołaźnia Mittelwalde
Goscheschin Gościeszyn Mittelwalde
Goscheschinek Gościeszynek Mittelwalde
Jeziora Jeziora Mittelwalde
Langfurth Długi Bród Mittelwalde
Mittelwalde Mięcierzyn Mittelwalde
Rehhorst Sarnówko Mittelwalde
Sturmhof Mięcierzyn-Leśniczówka Mittelwalde
Bogdarka Podau
Cerekwica Cerekwica Podau
Gorzyce Gorzyce Podau
Gosslerhof Świątkowo Podau
Juncewo Juncewo Podau
Katschkowo Kaczkowo Podau
Kornthal Ustaszewo Podau
Paryz Paryż Podau
Piotrkowitz Piotrkowice Podau
Podau Podobowice Podau
Rosenfelde Słabomierz Podau
Sielec Sielec Podau
Slawoschewo Slawoszewo Podau
Slembowo Słębowo Podau
Sommerfeld Kaczkówko Podau
Stawek Podau
Swierczewo Świerczewo Podau
Wieneck Uszikowo Podau
Borek Rogowo
Friedrichshöhe Czewujewo Rogowo
Galenschewo Gałęzewo Rogowo
Galensewko Gałęzewko Rogowo
Glembitz Leśnictwo Głęboczek Rogowo
Gostombka Gostomka Rogowo
Grochowiska (Adlig) Grochowiska Szlacheckie Rogowo
Grochowiska (Königlich) Grochowiska Księże Rogowo
Gutfelde Złotniki Rogowo
Hermannshof Szkółki Rogowo
Johannisgrün Łaziska Rogowo
Kerngrund Leśnictwo Oćwieka Rogowo
Kostkowo Rogowo
Lubtsch Lubcz Rogowo
Lubtsch rudonek Rudunek Rogowo
Neitwalde Niedźwiady Rogowo
Ochodza (Adlig) Rogowo
Ottensund Izdebno Rogowo
Narajewo Rogowo
Roggenau Rogówko Rogowo
Rom Rzym Rogowo
Ryschewko Ryszewko Rogowo
Ryschewo Ryszewo Rogowo
Taubenwalde Nadleśnictwo Gołąbki Rogowo
Ustron Ustroń Rogowo
Viktorowo Wiktorowo Rogowo
Weldin Wiewiórczyn Rogowo
Wola Wola Rogowo
Zalesie Zalesie Rogowo
Zurawiniec Rogowo
Alexandrowo Aleksandrowo Sartschin
Birkholz Sartschin
Clarashof Nadborowo Sartschin
Eckardtsfelde Sartschin
Graboschewo Graboszewo Sartschin
Lindenbruck Dziewierzewo Sartschin
Ludwikowo Sartschin
Miastowitz Miastowice Sartschin
Ruschetz Rusiec Sartschin
Sartschin Żarczyn Sartschin
Srebrnagora Srebrna Góra Sartschin
Chomionza (Geistlich) Chomiąża Księża Woycin
Jadownik Jadowniki Rycerskie Woycin
Kierschkowo Kierzkowo Woycin
Plebonka Woycin
Woycin Wójcin Woycin
Balschau Znin
Bergen Znin
Bialoschewin Białożewin Znin
Boschwitz Bożejewice Znin
Bozejewiczki Bożejewiczki Znin
Gogulkowo Gogółkowo Znin
Gora Góra Znin
Januschkowo Januszkowo Znin
Murtschin Murczyn Znin
Podgorschin Podgórzyn Znin
Rydlewo Rydlewo Znin
Sarbinowo Sarbinowo Znin
Skarbinitz Skarbienice Znin
Wartenberg Jadowniki Bielskie Znin

Church parishes

In 1905, these Catholic parish churches served towns in Kreis Znin:

Birkenfelde Gorzyce Janowitz Lindenbrück Ottensund Srebrnagora
Cerekwica Goscheschin Juncewo Lopienno Rogowo Venetia
Gonsawa Goßlerhof Koldromb Lubtsch Ryschewko Zerniki
Gora Hedwigshorst Komsdorf Niestronno Schepanowo Znin

In 1905, these Protestant parish churches served towns in Kreis Znin:

Bartschin Hallkirch Josephowo Lindenbrück Znin
Exin Herrnkirch Kaisersfelde Rogowo
Groß Mirkowitz Janowitz Lasskirch Zinsdorf

References

  1. Uetrecht, Erich (1912). Meyers Orts- und Verkehrs-lexikon des deutschen Reichs (5th ed.). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
  2. Belzyt, Leszek (1998). Sprachliche Minderheiten im preussischen Staat: 1815 - 1914 ; die preußische Sprachenstatistik in Bearbeitung und Kommentar. Marburg: Herder-Inst. ISBN 978-3-87969-267-5.

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