Kula language

Kula
	Tanglapui
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Alor Island
Native speakers	5,000 (1997)[1]
Language family	Trans–New Guinea ? West Bomberai ? Timor–Alor–Pantar Alor–Pantar Alor East Tanglapui Kula; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	tpg
Glottolog	kula1280
ELP	Kula[2]

Kula (Kola) or Lamtoka (Lantoka), also known as Tanglapui, is a Papuan language spoken in villages on the north coast, south coast and mountainous interior of Alor Island in Indonesia. Dialects are Kula proper, Kulatela, Watena, Kula Watena, Iramang, Larena, Sumang, and Arumaka. Most settlements where Kula is spoken are "new villages" that have only been inhabited since the 1960s. Due to this recent resettlement, and since usage of the language is discouraged in schools, Kula is an endangered language.[3]

Phonology

The data in this section are taken from Williams (2017).[3] Phonemes in brackets are "marginal phonemes".

Consonants

**Consonant phonemes**
	Labial		Alveolar		Palatal		Velar		Labiovelar
Plosive	p	b	t	d			k	g	(kʷ) <kw>	(gʷ) <gw>
Fricative	(β) <w>		s
Affricate					(d͡ʒ) <j>
Nasal		m		n			ŋ <ng>
Approximant		w				j <y>
Trill				(r)
Lateral				l

Vowels

**Vowel phonemes**
	Front		Central	Back
High	i			u
		ɪ <í>
Mid	e			o
			ɐ <á>
Low			a

References

Kula at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Endangered Languages Project data for Kula.
Williams, Nicholas J. (2017). "Kula". In Schapper, Antoinette (ed.). The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 2. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 185–266.

External links

ELAR archive of Documenting Language and Interaction in Kula

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[e18-1] Kula at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[ELP1-2] Endangered Languages Project data for Kula.

[Schapper-3] Williams, Nicholas J. (2017). "Kula". In Schapper, Antoinette (ed.). The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 2. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 185–266.