LEKTI

Lympho-epithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor (LEKTI) also known as serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 (SPINK5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPINK5 gene.[5][6]

SPINK5
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesSPINK5, LEKTI, LETKI, NETS, NS, VAKTI, serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 5, serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5
External IDsOMIM: 605010 MGI: 1919682 HomoloGene: 4987 GeneCards: SPINK5
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 5 (human)[1]
Band5q32Start148,025,683 bp[1]
End148,137,289 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

11005

72432

Ensembl

ENSG00000133710

ENSMUSG00000055561

UniProt

Q9NQ38

Q148R4

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001127698
NM_001127699
NM_006846

NM_001081180

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001121170
NP_001121171
NP_006837

NP_001074649

Location (UCSC)Chr 5: 148.03 – 148.14 MbChr 18: 43.96 – 44.02 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Structure and function

LEKTI is a large multidomain serine protease inhibitor expressed in stratified epithelial tissue. It consists of 15 domains that are cleaved into smaller, functional fragments by the protease furin. Only two of these domains (2 and 15) contain 6 evenly spaced cysteines responsible for 3 intramolecular disulfide bonds characteristic of Kazal-type related inhibitors. The remaining domains contain 4 cysteines.[7] These disulfide bonds force the molecule into a rigid conformation that enables the protein to interact with a target protease via an extended beta-sheet. All domains (excepting 1, 2 and 15) contain an arginine at P1, indicating trypsin-like proteases are the likely targets.[7]

In the epidermis, LEKTI is implicated in the regulation of desquamation via its ability to selectively inhibit KLK5, KLK7 and KLK14.[8] Recombinant full length LEKTI inhibits the exogenous serine proteases trypsin, plasmin, subtilisin A, cathepsin G and human neutrophil elastase.[9]

LEKTI may play a role in skin and hair morphogenesis and anti-inflammatory and/or antimicrobial protection of mucous epithelia.[6]

Gene

SPINK5 is a member of a gene family cluster located on chromosome 5q32,[10] which encode inhibitors of serine proteases. This includes other epidermal proteins SPINK6 and LEKTI-2 (SPINK9). The SPINK5 gene is 61 kb in length and contains 33 exons.[7] Alternative processing of SPINK5 results in the formation of three different gene products, which have been identified in differentiated keratinocytes.[11]

Clinical significance

Mutations in the SPINK5 gene result in Netherton syndrome, a disorder characterized by ichthyosis and specific immune system defects.[6]

See also

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000133710 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000055561 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Magert HJ, Standker L, Kreutzmann P, Zucht HD, Reinecke M, Sommerhoff CP, Fritz H, Forssmann WG (Aug 1999). "LEKTI, a novel 15-domain type of human serine proteinase inhibitor". J Biol Chem. 274 (31): 21499–502. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.31.21499. PMID 10419450.
  6. "Entrez Gene: SPINK5 serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 5".
  7. Furio L, Hovnanian A (November 2011). "When Activity Requires Breaking Up: LEKTI Proteolytic Activation Cascade for Specific Proteinase Inhibition". J Invest Dermatol. 131 (11): 2169–73. doi:10.1038/jid.2011.295. PMID 21997416.
  8. Deraison C, Bonnart C, Lopez F, Besson C, Robinson R, Jayakumar A, Wagberg F, Brattsand M, Hachem JP, Leonardsson G, Hovnanian A (September 2007). "LEKTI fragments specifically inhibit KLK5, KLK7, and KLK14 and control desquamation through a pH-dependent interaction". Mol. Biol. Cell. 18 (9): 3607–19. doi:10.1091/mbc.E07-02-0124. PMC 1951746. PMID 17596512.
  9. Mitsudo K, Jayakumar A, Henderson Y, Frederick MJ, Kang Y, Wang M, El-Naggar AK, Clayman GL (April 2003). "Inhibition of serine proteinases plasmin, trypsin, subtilisin A, cathepsin G, and elastase by LEKTI: a kinetic analysis". Biochemistry. 42 (13): 3874–81. doi:10.1021/bi027029v. PMID 12667078.
  10. "SPINK5 serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 5 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI".
  11. Tartaglia-Polcini A, Bonnart C, Micheloni A, Cianfarani F, Andrè A, Zambruno G, Hovnanian A, D'Alessio M (February 2006). "SPINK5, the defective gene in netherton syndrome, encodes multiple LEKTI isoforms derived from alternative pre-mRNA processing". J Invest Dermatol. 126 (2): 315–24. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700015. PMID 16374478.

Further reading

  • Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q9NQ38 (Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5) at the PDBe-KB.


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