Lake Puma Yumco
Lake Puma Yumco (Tibetan: ཕུ་མ་གཡུ་མཚོ, Wylie: phu ma g.yu mtsho ; simplified Chinese: 普莫雍错; traditional Chinese: 普莫雍錯; pinyin: Pǔmò Yōngcuò) is a lake located at 5,030 m (16,500 ft) above mean sea level on the southern Tibetan Plateau, and is situated within Nagarzê County of the Tibet Autonomous Region. It is 32 km (20 mi) long, 14 km (8.7 mi) wide, and covers an area of 280 km2 (110 sq mi).[1] Streams of water from the snow-capped surrounding mountains feed the lake, but the lake has no outlet. Some sediment can be seen entering the lake at its western end.
| Lake Puma Yumco | |
|---|---|
 Puma Yumco in winter. The north-south white line is a possible ice ridge, formed by east-west winds subsequently highlighted by snow. | |
  Lake Puma Yumco Location in the Tibet A.R. | |
| Location | Nagarzê County, Tibet |
| Coordinates | 28°34′N 90°25′E |
| Type | ultraoligotrophic |
| Native name | ཕུ་མ་གཡུ་མཚོ · 普莫雍错 |
| Basin countries | China |
| Max. length | 32 km (20 mi) |
| Max. width | 14 km (8.7 mi) |
| Surface area | 280 km2 (110 sq mi) |
| Surface elevation | 5,030 m (16,500 ft) |
Puma Yumco literally means The Blue Jewel which is floating in the sky. The lake freezes in winter and is crossed by shepherds with their sheep. Since the climate is warming, the ice is becoming thinner and thus creates a problem for the 120 people living off and around the lake.
The lake is considered ultraoligotrophic, meaning that nutrient concentrations in both the water column and lake sediments are extremely low. Water in such lakes tends to be blue to blue-green and to have high clarity due to low levels of photosynthesizing organisms such as phytoplankton.
During the winter, the lake develops intricate ice block patterns on the surface, ranging from less than ten to hundreds of metres in diameter. The ice pattern is caused by repeated cycles of freezing, fracturing, and refreezing of the ice due to variations in temperature and wind-induced ice motion.
Climate
The area around Lake Puma Yumco has a dry tundra climate (ET) with long, very cold, very dry winters and short, cool, somewhat humid summers. There is a great variety between day and night. Summer temperatures often rise to 15 °C (59 °F), but even then they often fall below freezing at night time. Likewise, while temperatures do reach temperatures above freezing even in January, at night time they commonly reach −20 °C (−4 °F). Thanks to the cold temperatures, the lake is frozen over most of the year. There is almost no precipation in the winter months, most of the only 9.6 inches of precipation that fall during a year fall in July and August, and in that case as rain, snow is uncommon.
| Climate data for Lake Puma Yumco | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | −0.5 (31.1) |
0.5 (32.9) |
2.5 (36.5) |
6.1 (43.0) |
9.8 (49.6) |
13.1 (55.6) |
12.9 (55.2) |
12.2 (54.0) |
10.9 (51.6) |
7.0 (44.6) |
3.2 (37.8) |
1.1 (34.0) |
6.6 (43.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −10.0 (14.0) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
3.1 (37.6) |
7.1 (44.8) |
7.7 (45.9) |
7.1 (44.8) |
5.3 (41.5) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
−0.7 (30.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −19.5 (−3.1) |
−16.8 (1.8) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
1.2 (34.2) |
2.6 (36.7) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
−7.3 (18.9) |
−14.2 (6.4) |
−18.1 (−0.6) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 0 (0) |
1 (0.0) |
2 (0.1) |
5 (0.2) |
10 (0.4) |
31 (1.2) |
75 (3.0) |
76 (3.0) |
33 (1.3) |
9 (0.4) |
1 (0.0) |
0 (0) |
243 (9.6) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org | |||||||||||||
References
- Herdendorf, Charles E. (1982). "Large Lakes of the World". Journal of Great Lakes Research. 8 (3): 379–412. doi:10.1016/S0380-1330(82)71982-3.
- "Lake Puma Yumco, Tibet, China". NASA Earth Observatory. Retrieved 2017-02-20.
- Arte TV Show Description (in German)
