Lay reader

The terms "reader" and "lay reader" are largely interchangeable in common use. The original term in the Church of England was simply "reader", but "lay reader" is an early and common colloquialism, which has come to have official force in some parts of the Anglican Communion.

In the Church of England the governing Canon E5 still references the office by the single word "Reader".[5] In the Scottish Episcopal Church the governing Canon 20 always refers to the office by the two-word term "Lay Reader".[6] In the Church of Ireland the generic term used is "Reader", but usually qualified as "Student Reader" for those admitted as part of their preparation for ordination (see above) or "Diocesan Reader" for those not seeking subsequent ordination.[4]

Following a Church of England working party report to the General Synod in 2009[7] most English dioceses have adopted the title Licensed Lay Minister (Reader), or LLM (Reader).

Following training (usually over several years) a candidate is publicly admitted as a lay reader by the bishop. Standards of training and forms of admission are regulated by the Anglican Consultative Council[8] and by the Canons of each province.

Lay readers are usually admitted during a celebration of the eucharist. As part of the rite they are presented with a copy of the New Testament (CofE Canon E5[5])[5] and a certificate of admission to the office of reader (CofE Canon E5[6]).[5] In most provinces they are also clothed with a blue tippet over their cassock and surplice.

Admission as a lay reader is a once-only and permanent rite. Lay readers must be re-licensed if they move between parishes or dioceses (CofE Canon E6),[5] but they are not again admitted to the office of reader, as their original admission is a permanent act (CofE Canon E5[6]).[5]

Anglican lay readers are licensed by the bishop to a particular parish or to the diocese at large. The vast majority of lay readers are volunteers, although a small number are stipendiary ministers (paid to work full time), and the Canons of the Church of England make provision for the terms of employment and service of a stipendiary reader.[5]

The role, whose prominence varies by region, bears many similarities to both the traditional liturgical role of Reader in the historic catholic rites of the church, and the role of lay preacher found in many non-conformist denominations.

The role can involve:

• Conducting the Daily Office (Mattins, Evensong, Compline) or other non-sacramental services
• Reciting the Litany
• Publishing banns of marriage
• Preaching, teaching, and assisting in pastoral care
• Distributing (though not presiding at) Holy Communion.
• Participation at other services as requested by their incumbent
• In some cases the role may include conducting funerals

In many parishes a lay reader may carry out liturgical functions at the eucharist similar to the role of the liturgical deacon; in parishes of anglo-catholic tradition, a lay reader may vest and act as subdeacon at solemn mass.

Many of these duties can be performed by any reasonably competent lay person who has been properly instructed, but a lay reader is licensed to perform them as part of a wider leadership role, following extensive training. This training and licensing elevates the reader to a particular ministerial role and function recognised as being distinct from the parish-based lay leadership of local congregational volunteers.[9]^:2

Their theological training enables them to preach, teach, and lead worship, and they are also able to assist in pastoral, evangelistic and liturgical work.[10][1]

Training to become a reader is rigorous and follows a period of testing and preparation. In many dioceses this involves some form of access training that introduces the concept of theological reflection as well as the nature of ministry. All potential readers attend a diocesan advisory panel to test their calling and assess their suitability for the role. The recommendations from this are fed to the parochial church council (PCC) in the candidate's own parish, which must confirm that it will support the candidate during training and will agree to the candidate going forward for licensing. Training takes place over one to three years (depending on prior theological training) at a local theological college and is often shared with ordinands and those preparing for other types of ministry. Reader training in the Church of England is overseen by the University of Durham and most candidates study for a CertEd or diploma in theology. All readers will have a working agreement in place which is agreed with their incumbent. This outlines their duties and aims to promote a balance between their work and family commitments. Candidates may undergo a placement in a parish other than their home parish to gain broader experience.

Reader training usually incorporates a selection of the following and this can vary across training colleges

• Old Testament
• New Testament
• Christian theology
• Liturgy and worship
• Pastoral care
• Study of local context
• Mission
• Spirituality
• Ethics
• The nature of Christian salvation
• Church history
• Leadership skills and self-awareness (usually a Myers Briggs workshop)
• Ministry to the dying and bereaved
• Preaching skills

On top of this there are practical skills that are learnt within the home parish such as leading worship and preaching. At the end of training the PCC has to agree to the candidate going forward for licensing. The candidate is licensed as well as admitted to the Order of Readers at a service in their local cathedral. The following day their licence is read in their home church and the new reader preaches at that service.

• Clergy
• Laity
• Lay speaker
• Methodist local preacher
• Reader (liturgy)

• Central Readers' Council in the British Isles and Europe
• College of Readers in the British Isles
• Lay Reader, Episcopal Church, USA