Legislature XII of Italy

Legislature XII of Italy
Legislature XII of Italy ; XII legislatura della Repubblica Italiana
	12th legislature
Type
Type	bicameral
Houses	Chamber of Deputies; Senate of the Republic
History
Founded	15 April 1994
Disbanded	8 May 1996 (2 years, 23 days)
Preceded by	XI Legislature
Succeeded by	XIII Legislature
Leadership
President of the Senate	Carlo Scognamiglio, FI ; since 17 April 1994
President of the Chamber of Deputies	Irene Pivetti, LN ; since 16 April 1994
Structure
Seats	630 (C); 315 (S)
Chamber of Deputies political groups	PDS (164); FI (110); AN (105); LN (71); CCD (42); FLD (28); PPI (27); PRC (24); Dem (21); Mixed (36);
Senate political groups	PDS (74); AN (47); LN (40); FI (36); PPI (22); CCD (15); PRC (14); SC (13); PSI (10); SD (10); LIF (10); FdV–Rete (7); Mixed (27);
Elections
Chamber of Deputies voting system	Mattarellum
Senate voting system	Mattarellum
Last general election	27 March 1994
Meeting place
	Palazzo Montecitorio, Rome (C)
	Palazzo Madama, Rome (S)
Website
	storia.camera.it/legislature/leg-repubblica-XII; www.senato.it/leg12/home
Constitution
	Constitution of Italy

The Legislature XII of Italy (Italian: XII Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) lasted from 15 April 1994 until 8 May 1996.[1][2] Its composition was the one resulting from the snap general election of 27 March 1994. The election was called by President Scalfaro, after he dissolved the houses of Parliament on 16 January 1994.[3] This decision was connected to some major events that permanently changed the shape of Italian internal politics during the beginning of the '90s, such as Tangentopoli and the Mafia trials.

This legislature marks the beginning of the so-called "Second Republic" (Italian: Seconda Repubblica), characterised by the progressive decline and dismantlement of the traditional parties, such as the Christian Democracy, the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Communist Party, and the Italian Social Movement. It also marks the official entrance of Silvio Berlusconi in Italian politics.

This was the first legislature to apply the new majoritarian electoral system (also known as Mattarellum), which replaced the proportional system in effect since 1946.

Government

Berlusconi I Cabinet (10 May 1994 – 17 January 1995)
- President of the Council of Ministers: Silvio Berlusconi (FI)
- Composition of the government : FI, AN, LN, CCD, UdC
Dini Cabinet (17 January 1995 – 17 May 1996)
- President of the Council of Ministers: Lamberto Dini (Independent)
- Composition of the government : Independents

Composition

Chamber of Deputies

President: Irene Pivetti (LN), elected on 16 April 1994
Vice Presidents: Luciano Violante (PDS), Adriana Poli Bortone (AN, until 25 May 1994), Lorenzo Acquarone (PPI), Vittorio Dotti (FI, until 9 November 1994), Ignazio La Russa (AN, from 25 May 1994)

Parliamentary groups in the Chamber of Deputies
Parliamentary group			Seats	Parliamentary group			Seats	Change
Initial composition[4]				Final composition[4]
	Progressives – Federative		143		Progressives – Federative		164	21
	Lega Nord		118		Lega Nord		71	47
	Forza Italia		112		Forza Italia		110	2
	National Alliance – MSI		109		National Alliance		105	4
	Communist Refoundation – Progressives		39		Communist Refoundation – Progressives		24	15
	Italian People's Party		33		Italian People's Party		27	6
	Christian Democratic Centre		27		Christian Democratic Centre		42	15
					Federalists and Liberal Democrats		28	28
					The Democrats		21	21
	Mixed		49		Mixed		36	13
		Linguistic Minorities	4			Linguistic Minorities	4
		Democratic Alliance	17					17
		Italian Socialist Party	14					14
		Segni Pact	9					9
						Unitarian Communists	14	14
		Non inscrits	5[5]			Non inscrits	18	13

Total seats			630	Total seats			628	2

Senate of the Republic

President: Carlo Scognamiglio Pasini (FI), elected on 16 April 1994
Vice Presidents: Carlo Rognoni (PDS), Michele Pinto (PPI), Marcello Staglieno (LN), Romano Misservile (AN)

Parliamentary groups in the Senate of the Republic
Parliamentary group			Seats	Parliamentary group			Seats	Change
Initial composition[6]				Final composition[6]
	Progressives – Federative		76		Progressives – Federative		74	2
	Lega Nord		60		Lega Nord		40	20
	National Alliance – Italian Social Movement		48		National Alliance		47	1
	Forza Italia		36		Forza Italia		36
	Italian People's Party		34		Italian People's Party		22	12
	Communist Refoundation – Progressives		18		Communist Refoundation – Progressives		14	4
	Progressives – Greens – The Network		13		Progressives – Greens – The Network		7	6
	Christian Democratic Centre		12		Christian Democratic Centre		15	3
	Progressive – PSI		10		Labour – Socialist – Progressive		10
					Crossed Shield		13	13
					Democratic Left		10	10
					Federalist Italian League		10	10
	Mixed		19		Mixed		27	8
		South Tyrolean People's Party	3			South Tyrolean People's Party	3
		Non inscrits	16[7]			Non inscrits	24	8

Total seats			326	Total seats			325	1

Notes

Of the 315 elected senators, 11 Senators for life were added at the beginning of the term distributed as follows:
- 3 from the Partito Popolare Italiano: Giulio Andreotti, Carlo Bo, Amintore Fanfani
- 1 from the group Progressisti – PSI: Francesco De Martino
- 7 with no affiliation: Gianni Agnelli, Norberto Bobbio, Francesco Cossiga, Giovanni Leone, Giovanni Spadolini (died in August 1994), Paolo Emilio Taviani, Leo Valiani

References

"Senato della Repubblica – 12ª Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.
"XII Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.
"Accadde oggi | 16 gennaio: Scalfaro scioglie le Camere" (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.
"XII Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.. The official source could have an imprecision about MP Giuseppe Lazzarini, which is included in the League (which did not run in Latium) where Lazzarini, which was a member of Forza Italia, was elected.
The member of the Lega d'Azione Meridionale and four former members of the Segni Pact that immediately joined Berlusconi.
"senato.it – Composizione dei gruppi parlamentari nella XII Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.
Seven Senators for life, six members of the Democratic Alliance, the members of the Lega Alpina Lumbarda and Union Valdotaine, and Independent Claudio Magris.

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[1] "Senato della Repubblica – 12ª Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.

[2] "XII Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.

[3] "Accadde oggi | 16 gennaio: Scalfaro scioglie le Camere" (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.

[chamber_composition-4] "XII Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.. The official source could have an imprecision about MP Giuseppe Lazzarini, which is included in the League (which did not run in Latium) where Lazzarini, which was a member of Forza Italia, was elected.

[5] The member of the Lega d'Azione Meridionale and four former members of the Segni Pact that immediately joined Berlusconi.

[senate_composition-6] "senato.it – Composizione dei gruppi parlamentari nella XII Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.

[7] Seven Senators for life, six members of the Democratic Alliance, the members of the Lega Alpina Lumbarda and Union Valdotaine, and Independent Claudio Magris.