Leo Baeck Institute

The Leo Baeck Institute is an international research institute with centres in New York City, London and Jerusalem that are devoted to the study of the history and culture of German-speaking Jewry.[1][2]

The Leo Baeck Institute
Formation1955
FoundersHannah Arendt
Martin Buber
Siegfried Moses
Gershom Scholem
Ernst Simon
Robert Weltsch
TypeResearch Institute
Location
International President
Michael Brenner
WebsiteLeo Baeck Institute
Not to be confused with Leo Baeck College.

Organizational structure

The Leo Baeck Institute is made up of three independent international institutes, as well as two Berlin centres, and two Berlin working groups that are governed by the Leo Baeck Institute International board:[3]

History

In the beginning of the 1950s some of the most influential Jewish scholars from Germany met in Jerusalem to discuss what form the Leo Baeck Institute would take. The founding conference took place from May 25–31, 1955; Martin Buber, Ernst Simon and Gershom Scholem were some of the intellectual heavyweights present.

Most attendees as well as the personalities steering the institute had known each other before their flight from Germany through organizations like the Central-Verein deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens and the Zionistische Vereinigung für Deutschland.[4] Others had held positions with the Reichsvertretung der Deutschen Juden (formed under Leo Baeck's direction and later renamed the Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland).[5] It was initially assumed that this project would take the form of a long-term historical project, preparing a comprehensive work on the history of German Jewry. With the expectation that this would not last more than a decade, institute members concentrated entirely on research projects and filling in the history of German Jewry from the Enlightenment to the Nazi seizure of power.

The Leo Baeck Institute was created in 1955 at a conference in Jerusalem. It was founded as a board that was made up of two governing bodies, a research and publication board, and an administrative board.[6] It is now a central umbrella organization focused on the study of the history and culture of German-speaking Jewry. It was founded internationally, with multiple locations made up of three independent branches. The Leo Baeck Institute International board coordinates the activities of all three branches, and each branch reports at annual international board meetings about their research and publication projects.[7] It is named in honor of its international president, Leo Baeck, the senior Rabbi of Berlin in Germany's Weimar Republic and the last leader of the Jewish Community under the Nazis.[8][9][10] The Leo Baeck Institute, New York, was founded in 1955, at the same time as the parent organization, and is the United States branch of the organization.

Leadership

Presidents of Leo Baeck Institute International, the umbrella organization of the institute:

Leo Baeck Institute, New York / Berlin
Main article: Leo Baeck Institute, New York

The Leo Baeck Institute, New York in Manhattan includes a library, an archive, an art collection, and an exhibition centre. Its offices and collections are housed in the Center for Jewish History, a centralized partnership with other Jewish organizations that share one location, with separate governing bodies and finances, but collocate resources. in New York City.[15]

  • Leo Baeck Institute, New York’s library collection: 80,000 volumes which range from collected works associated with the 16th century Reuchlin-Pfefforkorn debate over the banning of Jewish books to recent scholarship in the field of German-Jewish studies.[16]
  • Leo Baeck Institute archive: Over 4,000 linear feet of family papers, community histories, personal correspondence, genealogical materials, and business and public records of German-speaking Jews from the 18th century to the post-WWII era.[17]
  • Leo Baeck Institute art collection: 8,000 pieces of art that include works created or collected by German-speaking Jews from the 16th through the 20th centuries

Additionally, Leo Baeck Institute, New York also administers several fellowships for scholars working in the field of German-Jewish history, produces exhibitions and public programming related to German-Jewish history, and awards the Leo Baeck Medal annually for special achievements related to German-Jewish history and Culture.

Leo Baeck Institute, Jerusalem
Main article: Leo Baeck Institute Jerusalem

As the second generation took over, the LBI Jerusalem transformed from a memorial community to a research centre. Almost all members of the LBI Jerusalem’s second generation were professional historians; most had left Germany as children or adolescents and had either little of no share at all in the founders memories. For this reason the “memorial function” of the historiography now lost significance. In its place came more strictly scholarly aspirations.[18]

Through their publications, scholarly seminars, academic and cultural events, alongside an archive, the Leo Baeck Institute Jerusalem has been the leading venue for German-Jewish historiography and documentation in Israel. Its archives consist of a microfilm collection of Jewish newspapers from the 19th and 20th centuries as well as a collection of family papers, genealogical materials and community histories.

Leo Baeck Institute, London
Main article: Leo Baeck Institute London

The Leo Baeck Institute London, founded in 1955, researches the history and culture of German-speaking Jewry from the 17th century to the present day. The Institute aims both to facilitate academic exchange and to use the German and Central European Jewish experience from the 17th to the 21st centuries to help understand contemporary socio-political debates concerning immigration, minorities, integration, and civil rights, in particular in the UK. Its teaching and research capacity expanded significantly with the Institute’s move from its historic home in central London to Queen Mary, University of London, in 2011. Since then the LBI London has established European Jewish History as a teaching and research field at the School of History at Queen Mary. The LBI London remains an independent institute. It is a registered charity under English law.

Publications

The Institute’s flagship publication, the Leo Baeck Institute Year Book (since 1956) is the leading international publication in the field of the history and culture of German-speaking Jews. Published by Oxford University Press with a circulation of over 2,000 copies, it publishes original research on the cultural, economic, political, social and religious history of German-speaking Jews. The Leo Baeck Institute Year Book Essay Prize is awarded annually to an early-career researcher writing on the history or culture of German-speaking Jewry. In addition to its Year Book, the LBI London publishes monographs and edited volumes in German and English. Its two series, Schriftenreihe wissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen des Leo Baeck Instituts, in German, and German Jewish Cultures, in English, cover the period from the Enlightenment to the contemporary era with a special focus on European Jewish history.

Academic programmes and events

The Institute organises a range of events, such as international conferences and a public programme of lectures and workshops, often in collaboration with other UK or international organizations. Events are aimed at a broad audience. A Leo Baeck Fellowship Programme (in collaboration with the Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes) was created in 2005 to support doctoral candidates in German-Jewish studies. The programme includes bi-annual seminars during which Fellows discuss their research with senior academics in the field. Up to 12 fellowships are awarded each year. In collaboration with the Queen Mary University of London, the Institute offers the Leo Baeck Institute MA in European Jewish History, currently the only postgraduate programme in the UK focusing on the field of European Jewish history. Among other topics, the programme explores the question of emancipation, equal rights, identities, the role of antisemitism, and Jewish intellectual history. The Institute also offers MA and PhD bursaries to support students on this course.

Digital collections

DigiBaeck

In 2012, Leo Baeck Institute, New York announced that it had digitized the majority of its archival holdings as well as large segments of its art and library collections. Among the over 3.5 million digital images available through the online catalog, known as DigiBaeck, include:

Internet Archive

Of note, Leo Baeck Institute, New York partnered with the Internet Archive, non-profit digital library that offers permanent storage of and free public access to digitized materials to complete the project.[20]

Freimann Collection

The Freimann Collection of books related to the Wissenschaft des Judentums (in English: Science of Judaism) is another important digitization project.[21] Working in coordination with Frankfurt University Library, the Leo Baeck Institute library located about 2,000 volumes in its collections that were missing from the Frankfurt Library’s collection of Judaica created by curator Aron Freimann in the 1920s and were able to reconstruct the collection. The project was funded by a joint grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft – DFG).[22][23]

Notable publications
  • Arendt, Hannah, Richard Winston, and Clara Winston. Liliane Weissberg. Rahel Varnhagen: The Life of a Jewess. London: Leo Baeck Institute, 1957. Revised edition - Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997. ISBN 978-0-801-85587-0 OCLC 36485817
  • Meyer, Michael A., Michael Brenner, Avraham Barkai, Paul Mendes Flohr, ed. German-Jewish History in Modern Times, Vol. 1-4. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-231-07478-0 OCLC 34473360 English translation of Deutsch-jüdische Geschichte in der Neuzeit.
  • Meyer, Michael A., Mordekhai Broier, Mîk̲ā'ēl Greṣ, Michael Brenner, Steven M. Lowenstein, and Avraham Barḳai. Deutsch-jüdische Geschichte in der Neuzeit 1 1. München: Beck, 2000. ISBN 978-3-406-45941-2 OCLC 643081152

See also

References
  1. Leo Baeck Institute; Folio Corporation (1999). Weltsch, Robert; Paucker, Arnold; Grenville, John (eds.). Leo Baeck Institute Year Book. Volumes I-XL, 1956-1995 (CD-ROM) (in German and Yiddish). New York: Leo Baeck Institute. ISBN 978-1-571-81183-7. OCLC 54877908. Retrieved 23 July 2015. Elektronische Ressource
  2. Kaufman, Michael T. (11 October 1998). "Fred Grubel, 89, Who Headed A Jewish Research Institute". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  3. Leo Baeck Institute. "About: International Presence". Leo Baeck Institute - New York/Berlin. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  4. Nattermann 2008, p. 100.
  5. Nattermann 2008, p. 62.
  6. Hoffmann 2008, p. 43
  7. Pomerance 2008, pp. 240–242.
  8. Johnston, Laurie (20 November 1980). "A Chancellor Visits With German Jews" (PDF). The New York Times. p. 3. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  9. Friedländer, Albert H. (1996). Leo Baeck: Leben und Lehre (2. Aufl. ed.). Gütersloh: Kaiser. ISBN 978-3-579-05084-3. OCLC 75688811.
  10. Friedlander, Albert (1992). Leo Baeck: Teacher of Theresienstadt. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. ISBN 978-0-879-51441-9. OCLC 232659859.
  11. Pomerance 2008, p. 243.
  12. Nattermann 2008, p. 90.
  13. Pomerance 2008, p. 244.
  14. Leo Baeck Institute (30 October 2013). "Michael Brenner elected LBI President". Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  15. Shepard, Richard F. (28 April 1997). "Archives of Jewish History, Now Under One Roof". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
  16. Kahn, Eve M. (5 August 2010). "Resurrecting Laurelton Hall: A Book Burning Debate". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  17. Mecklenburg, Frank (Spring 2004). "Inventing a Discipline: The Leo Baeck Institute and German-Jewish Studies". Association for Jewish Studies (AJS). Berman Jewish Policy Archive. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  18. Nattermann 2008, pp. 59–60.
  19. Aderet, Ofer (14 October 2012). "Albert Einstein like you've never seen him before". Haaretz. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  20. "Featured Digital Collection: DigiBaeck". D-Lib Magazine. November 2012. ISSN 1082-9873. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  21. Dolnick, Sam (7 March 2011). "Jewish Texts Lost in War Are Surfacing in New York". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
  22. "Funded Projects: Wissenschaft des Judentums: An International Digital Collection". National Endowment for the Humanities. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
  23. "Judaism, Special collection 7.7 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)". Frankfurt University Library. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2015.

Bibliography
  • Hoffmann, Christhard, ed. (2008). Preserving the Legacy of German Jewry: A History of the Leo Baeck Institute, 1955–2005 (Schriftenreihe wissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen des Leo Baeck Instituts, Bd. 70.). Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 978-3-161-49668-4. OCLC 257584531.
    • Hoffmann, Christhard. "The Founding of the Leo Baeck Institute, 1945–1955". In Hoffmann (2008).
    • Nattermann, Ruth. "Diversity within Unity: The Community of Founders". In Hoffmann (2008).
    • Pomerance, Audrey. "Coordination, Confrontation and Cooperation: The International Board of the Leo Baeck Institute". In Hoffmann (2008).

Further reading
  • Strauss, Herbert A. "Die Leo Baeck Institute und die Erforschung der deutsch-jüdischen Geschichte." Geschichte Und Gesellschaft. 9, no. 3: 1983. pp. 471–478. ISSN 0340-613X OCLC 5542897383
  • Nattermann, Ruth. Deutsch-jüdische Geschichtsschreibung nach der Shoah: die Gründungs- und Frühgeschichte des Leo Baeck Institute. Essen: Klartext, 2004. ISBN 978-3-898-61331-6 OCLC 56755370
  • Miron, Gai. From Memorial Community to Research Center = Mi-ḳehilat zikaron le-merkaz meḥḳar toldot Mekhon Leʼo Beḳ bi-Yerushalayim. Yerushalayim: Mekhon Leʼo Beḳ, 2005. ISBN 978-9-652-27201-0 OCLC 62099235
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