Trenton, New Jersey

Trenton is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Jersey and the county seat of Mercer County.[22] It briefly served as the capital of the United States in 1784.[23] The city's metropolitan area, consisting of Mercer County, is grouped with the New York Combined Statistical Area by the United States Census Bureau,[24] but it directly borders the Philadelphia metropolitan area and was from 1990 until 2000 part of the Philadelphia Combined Statistical Area.[25] As of the 2010 United States Census, Trenton had a population of 84,913,[10][11][12] making it the state's 10th-largest municipality after having been the state's ninth-largest municipality in 2000.[26] The population declined by 490 (-0.6%) from the 85,403 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 3,272 (-3.7%) from the 88,675 counted in the 1990 Census.[27] The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated that the city's population was 83,203 in 2019,[13] ranking the city the 413th-most-populous in the country.[14]

Trenton, New Jersey
State capital city
City of Trenton
Flag
Nickname(s): 
Capital City
Turning Point of the Revolution.
Motto(s): 
"Trenton Makes, The World Takes"[1]
Location within Mercer County
Census Bureau map of Trenton, New Jersey
Trenton
Location in Mercer County
Trenton
Location in New Jersey
Trenton
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 40.223841°N 74.763624°W / 40.223841; -74.763624[2][3]
Country United States
State New Jersey
County Mercer
FoundedJune 3, 1719
IncorporatedNovember 13, 1792
Named forWilliam Trent
Government
 • TypeFaulkner Act
 • BodyCity Council
 • MayorReed Gusciora (term ends June 30, 2022)[5][6]
 • AdministratorAdam E. Cruz[7]
 • Municipal clerkDwayne M. Harris[8]
Area
 • Total8.21 sq mi (21.25 km2)
 • Land7.58 sq mi (19.63 km2)
 • Water0.63 sq mi (1.62 km2)  7.62%
Area rank229th of 565 in state
9th of 12 in county[2]
Elevation49 ft (15 m)
Population
 • Total84,913
 • Estimate 
(2019)[13]
83,203
 • Rank413th in country (as of 2019)[14]
10th of 565 in state
2nd of 12 in county[15]
 • Density11,101.9/sq mi (4,286.5/km2)
 • Density rank26th of 565 in state
1st of 12 in county[15]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Codes
08608-08611, 08618-08620, 08625, 08628, 08629, 08638[16][17]
Area code609[18]
FIPS code3402174000[2][19][20]
GNIS feature ID0885421[2][21]
Websitetrentonnj.org

Trenton dates back at least to June 3, 1719, when mention was made of a constable being appointed for Trenton while the area was still part of Hunterdon County. Boundaries were recorded for Trenton Township as of March 2, 1720.[28] A courthouse and jail were constructed in Trenton around 1720, and the Freeholders of Hunterdon County met annually in Trenton.[29] Trenton became New Jersey's capital as of November 25, 1790, and the City of Trenton was formed within Trenton Township on November 13, 1792. Trenton Township was incorporated as one of New Jersey's initial group of 104 townships by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798. On February 22, 1834, portions of Trenton Township were taken to form Ewing Township. The remaining portion of Trenton Township was absorbed by the City of Trenton on April 10, 1837. A series of annexations took place over a 50-year period, with the city absorbing South Trenton borough (April 14, 1851), portions of Nottingham Township (April 14, 1856), both the Borough of Chambersburg Township, and Millham Township (both on March 30, 1888), as well as Wilbur Borough (February 28, 1898). Portions of Ewing Township and Hamilton Township were annexed to Trenton on March 23, 1900.[28][30]

History
The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776, painting by John Trumbull
The Old Barracks in Trenton, New Jersey

The earliest known inhabitants of the area that is today Trenton were the Lenape Native Americans.[31] The first European settlement in what would become Trenton was established by Quakers in 1679, in the region then called the Falls of the Delaware, led by Mahlon Stacy from Handsworth, Sheffield, England. Quakers were being persecuted in England at this time and North America provided an opportunity to exercise their religious freedom.[32]

By 1719, the town adopted the name "Trent-towne", after William Trent, one of its leading landholders who purchased much of the surrounding land from Stacy's family. This name later was shortened to "Trenton".[33][34][35]

During the American Revolutionary War, the city was the site of the Battle of Trenton, George Washington's first military victory. On December 25–26, 1776, Washington and his army, after crossing the icy Delaware River to Trenton, defeated the Hessian troops garrisoned there.[36] The second battle of Trenton, Battle of the Assunpink Creek, was fought here on January 2, 1777.[37] After the war, the Congress of the Confederation met for two months at the French Arms Tavern from November 1, 1784, to December 24, 1784.[23] While the city was preferred by New England and other northern states as a permanent capital for the new country, the southern states ultimately prevailed in their choice of a location south of the Mason–Dixon line.[38] On April 21, 1789, the city hosted a reception for George Washington on his journey to New York City for his first inauguration.[39]

Trenton became the state capital in 1790, but prior to that year the New Jersey Legislature often met in the city.[40] The city was incorporated in 1792.[28]

During the War of 1812, the United States Army's primary hospital was at a site on Broad Street.[41]

Throughout the 19th century, Trenton grew steadily, as European immigrants came to work in its pottery and wire rope mills. In 1837, with the population now too large for government by council, a new mayoral government was adopted, with by-laws that remain in operation to this day.[42]

The Trenton Six were a group of black men arrested for the alleged murder of an elderly white shopkeeper in January 1948 with a soda bottle. They were arrested without warrants, denied lawyers and sentenced to death based on what were described as coerced confessions. With the involvement of the Communist Party and the NAACP, there were several appeals, resulting in a total of four trials. Eventually the accused men (with the exception of one who died in prison) were released. The incident was the subject of the book Jersey Justice: The Story of the Trenton Six, written by Cathy Knepper.[43][44]

Riots of 1968

The Trenton Riots of 1968 were a major civil disturbance that took place during the week following the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. in Memphis on April 4. Race riots broke out nationwide following the murder of the civil rights activist. More than 200 Trenton businesses, mostly in Downtown, were ransacked and burned. More than 300 people, most of them young black men, were arrested on charges ranging from assault and arson to looting and violating the mayor's emergency curfew. In addition to 16 injured policemen, 15 firefighters were treated at city hospitals for smoke inhalation, burns, sprains and cuts suffered while fighting raging blazes or for injuries inflicted by rioters. Citizens of Trenton's urban core often pulled false alarms and would then throw bricks at firefighters responding to the alarm boxes. This experience, along with similar experiences in other major cities, effectively ended the use of open-cab fire engines. As an interim measure, the Trenton Fire Department fabricated temporary cab enclosures from steel deck plating until new equipment could be obtained. The losses incurred by downtown businesses were initially estimated by the city to be $7 million, but the total of insurance claims and settlements came to $2.5 million.[45]

Trenton's Battle Monument neighborhood was hardest hit. Since the 1950s, North Trenton had witnessed a steady exodus of middle-class residents, and the riots spelled the end for North Trenton. By the 1970s, the region had become one of the most blighted and crime-ridden in the city.[46]

Geography
The "Falls of the Delaware" at Trenton

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 8.21 square miles (21.25 km2), including 7.58 square miles (19.63 km2) of land and 0.63 square miles (1.62 km2) of water (7.62%).[2][3]

Several bridges across the Delaware River connect Trenton to Morrisville, Pennsylvania, all of which are operated by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission.[47] The Trenton–Morrisville Toll Bridge, originally constructed in 1952, stretches 1,324 feet (404 m), carrying U.S. Route 1.[48] The Lower Trenton Bridge, bearing the legend "Trenton Makes The World Takes Bridge", is a 1,022-foot (312 m) span that was constructed in 1928 on the site of a bridge that dates back to 1804.[49] The Calhoun Street Bridge, dating back to 1884, is 1,274 feet (388 m) long.[50]

Trenton is located near the geographic center of the state, which is located 5 miles (8.0 km) southeast of the city.[51][52] The city is sometimes included as part of North Jersey and as the southernmost city of the Tri-State Region, while others consider it a part of South Jersey and thus, the northernmost city of the Delaware Valley.[53]

However, Mercer County constitutes its own metropolitan statistical area, formally known as the Trenton-Princeton MSA.[54] Locals consider Trenton to be a part of an ambiguous area known as Central Jersey, and thus part of neither region. They are generally split as to whether they are within New York or Philadelphia's sphere of influence. While it is geographically closer to Philadelphia, many people who have recently moved to the area commute to New York City, and have moved there to escape the New York region's high housing costs.

Trenton is one of two state capitals that border another state – the other being Carson City, Nevada.[55] It is also one of the seven state capitals located within the Piedmont Plateau.

Trenton borders Ewing Township, Hamilton Township and Lawrence Township in Mercer County; and Falls Township, Lower Makefield Township and Morrisville in Bucks County, Pennsylvania across the Delaware River in Pennsylvania.[56][57][58]

The Northeast Corridor goes through Trenton. A straight line drawn between Center City, Philadelphia and Downtown Manhattan would pass within 2000 feet of the New Jersey State House.

Panoramic views
Downtown Trenton from across the Delaware River. Note the gold top of the State House.

Neighborhoods

The city of Trenton is home to numerous neighborhoods and sub-neighborhoods. The main neighborhoods are taken from the four cardinal directions (North, South, East, and West). Trenton was once home to large Italian, Hungarian, and Jewish communities, but, since the 1950s, demographic shifts have changed the city into a relatively segregated urban enclave of middle and lower income African Americans. Italians are scattered throughout the city, but a distinct Italian community is centered in the Chambersburg neighborhood, in South Trenton.[59] This community has been in decline since the 1970s, largely due to economic and social shifts to the suburbs surrounding the city. Today Chambersburg has a large Latino community. Many of the Latino immigrants are from Mexico, Guatemala and Nicaragua. There is also a significant and growing Asian community in the Chambersburg neighborhood primarily made up of Burmese and Bhutanese/Nepali refugees.

The North Ward, once a mecca for the city's middle class, is now one of the most economically distressed, torn apart by race riots following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968. Nonetheless, the area still retains many important architectural and historic sites. North Trenton still has a large Polish-American neighborhood that borders Lawrence Township, many of whom attend St. Hedwig's Roman Catholic Church on Brunswick Avenue. St. Hedwig's church was built in 1904 by Polish immigrants, many of whose families still attend the church. North Trenton is also home to the historic Shiloh Baptist Church—one of the largest houses of worship in Trenton and the oldest African American church in the city, founded in 1888.[60] The church is currently pastored by Rev. Darrell L. Armstrong, who carried the Olympic torch in 2002 for the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. Also located just at the southern tip of North Trenton is the city's Battle Monument, also known as "Five Points". It is a 150 ft (46 m) structure that marks the spot where George Washington's Continental Army launched the Battle of Trenton during the American Revolutionary War. It faces downtown Trenton and is a symbol of the city's historic past.[61]

South Ward is a diverse neighborhood, home to many Latin American, Italian-American, and African American residents.[62]

East Ward is the smallest neighborhood in Trenton and is home to the Trenton Transit Center and Trenton Central High School. The Chambersburg neighborhood is within the East Ward and was once noted in the region as a destination for its many Italian restaurants and pizzerias. With changing demographics, many of these businesses have either closed or relocated to suburban locations.

West Ward is the home of Trenton's more suburban neighborhoods.

Neighborhoods in the city include:[63]

Map of neighborhoods in Trenton, New Jersey.

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification, Trenton lies in the transition from a humid subtropical (Cfa) to a cooler humid continental climate (Dfa), favoring the former, with four seasons of approximately equal length and precipitation fairly evenly distributed through the year. The Cfa climate is the result of adiabatic warming of the Appalachians, low altitude and proximity to the coast without being on the immediate edge for moderate temperatures.[64]

Winters are cold and damp: the daily average temperature in January is 32.0 °F (0.0 °C),[65] and temperatures at or below 10 °F (−12 °C) occur on 3.9 nights annually, while there are 16–17 days where the temperature fails to rise above freezing. Episodes of extreme cold and wind can occur with wind chill values below 0 °F (−18 °C). The plant hardiness zone at the Trenton Municipal Court is 7a with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of 1.2 °F (−17.1 °C).[66]

Summers are hot and humid, with a July daily average of 76.0 °F (24.4 °C); temperatures reaching or exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) occur on 15–16 days. episodes of extreme heat and humidity can occur with heat index values reaching 100 °F (38 °C). Extremes in air temperature have ranged from −14 °F (−26 °C) on February 9, 1934, up to 106 °F (41 °C) as recently as July 22, 2011.[67] However, air temperatures reaching 0 °F (−18 °C) or 100 °F (38 °C) are uncommon.

The average precipitation is 48.34 inches (123 cm) per year, which is fairly evenly distributed through the year. The driest month on average is February, with 2.81 in (71 mm) of precipitation on average, while the wettest month is July with 5.32 in (14 cm) of rainfall on average which corresponds with the annual peak in thunderstorm activity. The all-time single-day rainfall record is 7.25 in (18.4 cm) on September 16, 1999, during the passage of Hurricane Floyd. The all-time monthly rainfall record is 14.55 in (37.0 cm) in August 1955, due to the passage of Hurricane Connie and Hurricane Diane. The wettest year on record was 1996, when 67.90 in (172 cm) of precipitation fell. On the flip side, the driest month on record was October 1963, when only 0.05 in (0.1 cm) of rain was recorded. The 28.79 in (73 cm) of precipitation recorded in 1957 were the lowest ever for the city.[68]

Snowfall can vary even more year to year. The average seasonal (November–April) snowfall total is 24 to 30 inches (61 to 76 cm), but has ranged from as low as 2 in (5.1 cm) in the winter of 1918–19 to as high as 76.5 in (194.3 cm) in 1995–96, which included the greatest single-storm snowfall, the Blizzard of January 7–8, 1996, when 24.2 inches (61.5 cm) of snow fell.[69] The average snowiest month is February which corresponds with the annual peak in nor'easter activity.

Ecology

According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, Trenton, New Jersey would have an Appalachian Oak (104) vegetation type with an Eastern Hardwood Forest (25) vegetation form.[70]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
17901,946—
18103,000—
18203,94231.4%
18303,925−0.4%
18404,035*2.8%
18506,46160.1%
186017,228*166.6%
187022,87432.8%
188029,91030.8%
189057,458*92.1%
190073,30727.6%
191096,81532.1%
1920119,28923.2%
1930123,3563.4%
1940124,6971.1%
1950128,0092.7%
1960114,167−10.8%
1970104,638−8.3%
198092,124−12.0%
199088,675−3.7%
200085,403−3.7%
201084,913−0.6%
2019 (est.)83,203[13][71][72]−2.0%
Population sources: 1790–1920[73]
1840[74] 1850–1870[75] 1850[76]
1870[77] 1880–1890[78] 1910–1930[79]
1930–1990[80] 2000[81][82] 2010[10][11][12][83]
* = Territory change in previous decade.[28]

2010 Census

The 2010 United States Census counted 84,913 people, 28,578 households, and 17,747 families in the city. The population density was 11,101.9 per square mile (4,286.5/km2). There were 33,035 housing units at an average density of 4,319.2 per square mile (1,667.7/km2). The racial makeup was 26.56% (22,549) White, 52.01% (44,160) Black or African American, 0.70% (598) Native American, 1.19% (1,013) Asian, 0.13% (110) Pacific Islander, 15.31% (13,003) from other races, and 4.10% (3,480) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 33.71% (28,621) of the population.[10]

Of the 28,578 households, 32.0% had children under the age of 18; 25.1% were married couples living together; 28.1% had a female householder with no husband present and 37.9% were non-families. Of all households, 30.8% were made up of individuals and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.40.[10]

25.1% of the population were under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.6 years. For every 100 females, the population had 106.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 107.2 males.[10]

2006-2010 survey

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $36,601 (with a margin of error of +/- $1,485) and the median family income was $41,491 (+/- $2,778). Males had a median income of $29,884 (+/- $1,715) versus $31,319 (+/- $2,398) for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,400 (+/- $571). About 22.4% of families and 24.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.3% of those under age 18 and 17.5% of those age 65 or over.[84]

2000 Census

As of the 2000 United States Census[19] there were 85,403, people, 29,437 households, and 18,692 families residing in the city. The population density was 11,153.6 inhabitants per square mile (4,306.4/km2). There were 33,843 housing units at an average density of 4,419.9/sq mi (1,706.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 52.06% Black, 32.55% White, 0.35% Native American, 0.84% Asian, 0.23% Pacific Islander, 10.76% from other races, and 3.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21.53% of the population.[81][82] There were 29,437 households, 32.4% of which had children under the age of 18 living with them. 29.0% were married couples living together, 27.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.5% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.38.[81][82]

In the city the age distribution of the population shows 27.7% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 31.9% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.[81][82]

The median income for a household in the city was $31,074, and the median income for a family was $36,681. Males had a median income of $29,721 versus $26,943 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,621. About 17.6% of families and 21.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.8% of those under age 18 and 19.5% of those age 65 or over.[81][82]

Top 10 ethnicities reported during the 2000 Census by percentage were:[81][82]

  1. African American (50.1)
  2. Puerto Rican (14.5)
  3. Italian (4.6)
  4. Irish (3.5)
  5. Polish (3.0)
  6. Guatemalan (2.8)
  7. English (1.9)
  8. Jamaican (1.5)
  9. Hungarian (1.0)
  10. Mexican (1.0)

Economy
The Lower Trenton Bridge is commonly referred to among locals as the "Trenton Makes Bridge"

Trenton was a major manufacturing center in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. One relic of that era is the slogan "Trenton Makes, The World Takes", which is displayed on the Lower Free Bridge (just north of the Trenton–Morrisville Toll Bridge).[85] The city adopted the slogan in 1917 to represent Trenton's then-leading role as a major manufacturing center for rubber, wire rope, ceramics and cigars. It was home to American Standards largest fixture factory.[86]

Along with many other United States cities in the 1970s, Trenton fell on hard times when manufacturing and industrial jobs declined. Concurrently, state government agencies began leasing office space in the surrounding suburbs. State government leaders (particularly governors William Cahill and Brendan Byrne) attempted to revitalize the downtown area by making it the center of state government. Between 1982 and 1992, more than a dozen office buildings were constructed primarily by the state to house state offices.[87] Today, Trenton's biggest employer is still the state of New Jersey. Each weekday, 20,000 state workers flood into the city from the surrounding suburbs.[88]

Notable businesses of the thousands based in Trenton include Italian Peoples Bakery, a wholesale and retail bakery established in 1936.[89] De Lorenzo's Tomato Pies and Papa's Tomato Pies were also fixtures of the city for many years, though both recently relocated to the suburbs.

Urban Enterprise Zone

Portions of Trenton are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone. The city was selected in 1983 as one of the initial group of 10 zones chosen to participate in the program.[90] In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the ​6 5⁄8% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.[91] Established in January 1986, the city's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in December 2023.[92]

The UEZ program in Trenton and four other original UEZ cities had been allowed to lapse as of January 1, 2017, after Governor Chris Christie, who called the program an "abject failure", vetoed a compromise bill that would have extended the status for two years.[93] In May 2018, Governor Phil Murphy signed a law that reinstated the program in these five cities and extended the expiration date in other zones.[94]

In 2018, the city had an average property tax bill of $3,274, the lowest in the county, compared to an average bill of $8,292 in Mercer County and $8,767 statewide.[95][96]

Television market

Trenton has long been part of the Philadelphia television market. However, following the 2000 United States Census, Trenton was shifted from the Philadelphia metropolitan statistical area to the New York metropolitan statistical area. With a similar shift by the New Haven, Connecticut, area to the New York area, they were the first two cases where metropolitan statistical areas differed from their defined Nielsen television markets.[97] Also, Trenton was the site of the studios of the former public television station New Jersey Network (aka NJN).

Landmarks
  • New Jersey State Museum – Combines a collection of archaeology and ethnography, fine art, cultural history and natural history.[98]
  • New Jersey State House was originally constructed by Jonathan Doane in 1792, with major additions made in 1845, 1865 and 1871.[99]
  • New Jersey State Library serves as a central resource for libraries across the state as well as serving the state legislature and government.[100]
  • Trenton City Museum – Housed in the Italianate-style 1848 Ellarslie Mansion since 1978, the museum features artworks and other materials related to the city's history.[101]
  • Trenton War Memorial – Completed in 1932 as a memorial to the war dead from Mercer County during World War I and owned and operated by the State of New Jersey, the building is home to a theater with 1,800 seats that reopened in 1999 after an extensive, five-year-long renovation project.[102]
  • Old Barracks – Dating back to 1758 and the French and Indian War, the Barracks were constructed as a place to house British troops in lieu of housing the soldiers in the homes of area residents. The site was used by both the Continental Army and British forces during the Revolutionary War and stands as the last remaining colonial barracks in the state.[103]
  • Trenton Battle Monument – Located in the heart of the Five Points neighborhood, the monument was built to commemorate the Continental Army's victory in the December 26, 1776, Battle of Trenton.[61] The monument was designed by John H. Duncan and features a statue of George Washington atop a pedestal that stands on a granite column 148 feet (45 m) in height.[104]
  • Trenton City Hall – The building was constructed based on a 1907 design by architect Spencer Roberts and opened to the public in 1910. The council chambers stand two stories high and features a mural by Everett Shinn that highlights Trenton's industrial history.[105]
  • William Trent House – Constructed in 1719 by William Trent, who the following year laid out what would become the city of Trenton, the house was owned by Governor Lewis Morris, who used the house as his official residence in the 1740s. Governor Philemon Dickerson used the home as his official residence in the 1830s, as did Rodman M. Price in the 1850s.[106]

Sports
Club League Venue MLB affiliate Established Championships
Trenton Thunder MLB Draft League Arm & Hammer Park None 1994 3
Arm & Hammer Park
The Trenton City Museum, located at the Ellarslie Mansion in Cadwalader Park

Because of Trenton's near-equal distance to both New York City and Philadelphia, and because most homes in Mercer County receive network broadcasts from both cities, locals are sharply divided in fan loyalty between both cities. It is common to find Philadelphia's Phillies, Eagles, 76ers, Union and Flyers fans cheering (and arguing) right alongside fans of New York's Yankees, Mets, Nets, Knicks, Rangers, Islanders, Jets, Red Bulls and Giants or the New Jersey Devils.[107]

Between 1948 and 1979, Trenton Speedway, located in adjacent Hamilton Township, hosted world class auto racing. Drivers such as Jim Clark, A. J. Foyt, Mario Andretti, Al Unser, Bobby Unser, Richard Petty and Bobby Allison raced on the one-mile (1.6 km) asphalt oval and then re-configured ​1 1⁄2-mile race track.[108] The speedway, which closed in 1980, was part of the larger New Jersey State Fairgrounds complex, which also closed in 1983. The former site of the speedway and fairgrounds is now the Grounds for Sculpture.[109]

The Trenton Thunder, minor league team owned by Joe Plumeri, plays at 6,341-seat Arm & Hammer Park, the stadium which Plumeri had previously named after his father in 1999.[110][111][112] The team was previously affiliated with the New York Yankees, Boston Red Sox, Detroit Tigers, and Chicago White Sox, but became an unaffiliated collegiate summer baseball team of the MLB Draft League beginning in 2021.[113]

The Trenton Freedom of the Professional Indoor Football League were founded in 2013 and played their games at the Sun National Bank Center. The Freedom ended operations in 2015, joining the short-lived Trenton Steel (in 2011) and Trenton Lightning (in 2001) as indoor football teams that had brief operating lives at the arena.[114]

Parks and recreation

Historic sites
Main article: National Register of Historic Places listings in Mercer County, New Jersey
  • Adams and Sickles Building (added January 31, 1980 as #80002498) is a focal point for West End neighborhood, and is remembered for its soda fountain and corner druggist.[116]
  • Friends Burying Ground, adjacent to the Trenton Friends Meeting House, is the burial site of several national and state political figures prominent in the city's early history.[117]
  • Trenton Friends Meeting House (added April 30, 2008 as #08000362), dating back to 1739, it was occupied by the British Dragoons in 1776 and by the Continental Army later in the Revolutionary War.[118]

Government
Trenton City Hall, seat of local government

Local government

The City of Trenton is governed within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Mayor-Council system of municipal government, one of 71 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form of government.[119] The governing body is comprised of a mayor and a seven-member city council. Three city council members are elected at-large, and four come from each of four wards. The mayor and council members are elected concurrently on a non-partisan basis to four-year terms of office as part of the May municipal election.[4][120]

As of 2020, the mayor of Trenton is Reed Gusciora, who had previously served in the New Jersey General Assembly before taking office as mayor.[121] Members of the city council are Council President Kathy McBride (At-Large), Jerell A. Blakeley (At-Large), Marge Caldwell-Wilson (North Ward), Joseph A. Harrison (East Ward), George P. Muschal (South Ward), Santiago Rodriquez (At-Large) and Robin M. Vaughn (West Ward), all serving terms of office ending June 30, 2022.[5][122][123][124][125]

Interim mayor 2014

From February 7 to July 1, 2014, the acting mayor was George Muschal who retroactively assumed the office on that date due to the felony conviction of Tony F. Mack, who had taken office on July 1, 2010.[126] Muschal, who was council president, was selected by the city council to serve as the interim mayor to finish the term.[127]

Mayor's conviction and removal from office

On February 7, 2014, Mack and his brother, Raphiel Mack, were convicted by a federal jury of bribery, fraud and extortion, based on the details of their participation in a scheme to take money in exchange for helping get approvals to develop a downtown parking garage as part of a sting operation by law enforcement.[128] Days after the conviction, the office of the New Jersey Attorney General filed motions to have Mack removed from office, as state law requires the removal of elected officials after convictions for corruption.[129] Initially, Mack fought the removal of him from the office but on February 26, a superior court judge ordered his removal and any actions taken by Mack between February 7 and the 26th could have been reversed by Muschal.[127] Previously, Mack's housing director quit after it was learned he had a theft conviction. His chief of staff was arrested trying to buy heroin. His half-brother, whose authority he elevated at the city water plant, was arrested on charges of stealing. His law director resigned after arguing with Mack over complying with open-records laws and potential violations of laws prohibiting city contracts to big campaign donors.[130]

Federal, state and county representation
The New Jersey State House in Trenton

Trenton is located in the 12th Congressional District[131] and is part of New Jersey's 15th state legislative district.[11][132][133] Prior to the 2010 Census, Trenton had been split between the 4th Congressional District and the 12th Congressional District, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.[134]

For the 116th United States Congress, New Jersey's Twelfth Congressional District is represented by Bonnie Watson Coleman (D, Ewing Township).[135][136] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2021)[137] and Bob Menendez (Paramus, term ends 2025).[138][139]

For the 2020–2021 session (Senate, General Assembly), the 15th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Shirley Turner (D, Lawrence Township, Mercer County) and in the General Assembly by Verlina Reynolds-Jackson (D, Trenton) and Anthony Verrelli (D, Hopewell Township, Mercer County, New Jersey).[140][141]

Mercer County is governed by a County Executive who oversees the day-to-day operations of the county and by a seven-member Board of Chosen Freeholders that acts in a legislative capacity, setting policy. All officials are chosen at-large in partisan elections, with the executive serving a four-year term of office while the freeholders serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats up for election each year.[142] As of 2014, the County Executive is Brian M. Hughes (D, term ends December 31, 2015; Princeton).[143] Mercer County's Freeholders are Freeholder Chair Andrew Koontz (D, 2016; Princeton),[144] Freeholder Vice Chair Samuel T. Frisby, Sr. (2015; Trenton),[145] Ann M. Cannon (2015; East Windsor Township),[146] Anthony P. Carabelli (2016; Trenton),[147] John A. Cimino (2014, Hamilton Township),[148] Pasquale "Pat" Colavita, Jr. (2015; Lawrence Township)[149] and Lucylle R. S. Walter (2014; Ewing Township)[150][151][152] Mercer County's constitutional officers are County Clerk Paula Sollami-Covello (D, 2015),[153] Sheriff John A. Kemler (D, 2014)[154] and Surrogate Diane Gerofsky (D, 2016).[155][156]

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 37,407 registered voters in Trenton, of which 16,819 (45.0%) were registered as Democrats, 1,328 (3.6%) were registered as Republicans and 19,248 (51.5%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 12 voters registered to other parties.[157]

Presidential Elections Results
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
2016[158] 7.7% 1,715 90.6% 20,131 1.7% 379
2012[159] 6.2% 1,528 93.4% 23,125 0.4% 97
2008[160] 8.2% 2,157 89.9% 23,577 0.5% 141
2004[161] 16.3% 3,791 79.8% 18,539 0.4% 146

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 93.4% of the vote (23,125 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 6.2% (1,528 votes), and other candidates with 0.4% (97 votes), among the 27,831 ballots cast by the city's 40,362 registered voters (3,081 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 69.0%.[159][162] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 89.9% of the vote here (23,577 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 8.2% (2,157 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (141 votes), among the 26,229 ballots cast by the city's 41,005 registered voters, for a turnout of 64.0%.[160] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 79.8% of the vote here (18,539 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 16.3% (3,791 votes) and other candidates with 0.4% (146 votes), among the 23,228 ballots cast by the city's 39,139 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 59.3.[161]

Gubernatorial Elections Results
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
2017[163] 8.6% 872 89.8% 9,128 1.7% 169
2013[164] 24.7% 3,035 74.7% 9,179 0.7% 77
2009[165] 12.4% 1,560 81.6% 10,235 3.5% 440
2005[166] 15.3% 1,982 81.0% 10,484 3.6% 471

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 74.7% of the vote (9,179 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 24.7% (3,035 votes), and other candidates with 0.6% (77 votes), among the 11,884 ballots cast by the city's 38,452 registered voters (407 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 30.9%.[164][167] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 81.6% of the vote here (10,235 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 12.4% (1,560 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 2.4% (305 votes) and other candidates with 1.1% (135 votes), among the 12,537 ballots cast by the city's 38,345 registered voters, yielding a 32.7% turnout.[165]

Fire department

The city of Trenton is protected on a full-time basis by the city of Trenton Fire and Emergency Services Department (TFD), which has been a paid department since 1892 after having been originally established in 1747 as a volunteer fire department.[168] The TFD operates out of seven fire stations and operates a fire apparatus fleet of 7 engine companies, 3 ladder companies and one rescue company, along with one HAZMAT unit, an air cascade unit, a mobile command unit, a foam unit, one fireboat, and numerous special, support and reserve units, under the command of a Battalion Chief each shift.[169][170]

Fire station locations and apparatus
Engine company Ladder company Special unit Address
Engine 1Ladder 1 (tiller)Marine 1 (fire boat)460 Calhoun Street
Engine 3 (squirt)Ladder 2 (tiller)720 S. Broad Street
Engine 6561 N. Clinton Avenue
Engine 7502 Hamilton Avenue
Engine 8Battalion Chief 1698 Stuyvesant Avenue
Engine 9Foam Unit 11464 W. State Street
Engine 10Tower Ladder 4Rescue 1, Haz-Mat 1, Mobile Command Unit, Air Cascade Unit244 Perry Street

Education

Colleges and universities

Trenton is the home of two post-secondary institutions: Thomas Edison State University, serving adult students around the nation and worldwide[171] and Mercer County Community College's James Kerney Campus.[172]

The College of New Jersey, formerly named Trenton State College, was founded in Trenton in 1855 and is now located in nearby Ewing Township. Rider University was founded in Trenton in 1865 as The Trenton Business College. In 1959, Rider moved to its current location in nearby Lawrence Township.[173]

Public schools

The Trenton Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade.[174] The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide,[175] which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.[176][177] The district's board of education, with seven members, sets policy and oversees the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its superintendent administration. As a Type I school district, the board's trustees are appointed by the mayor to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats up for re-appointment each year.[178][179] The school district has undergone a 'construction' renaissance throughout the district.

As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of 20 schools, had an enrollment of 14,500 students and 884.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 16.4:1.[180] Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[181]) are Columbus Elementary School[182] (371 students; in grades K-5), Franklin Elementary School[183] (405; K-5), Grant Elementary School[184] (571; PreK-5), Gregory Elementary School[185] (567; K-5), Harrison Elementary School[186] (221; PreK-5), P.J. Hill Elementary School[187] (800; PreK-5), Jefferson Elementary School[188] (434; K-5), Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Elementary School[189] (775; K-5), Mott Elementary School[190] (426; K-5), Parker Elementary School[191] (531; K-5), Robbins Elementary School[192] (541; K-5), Washington Elementary School[193] (409; K-5), Wilson Elementary School[194] (498; PreK-5), Grace A. Dunn Middle School[195] (893; 6–8), Hedgepeth-Williams Middle School[196] (674; 6–8), Joyce Kilmer Middle School[197] (370; 6–8), Luis Munoz Rivera Middle School[198] (483; 6–8), Trenton Ninth Grade Academy[199] (707; 9), Daylight/Twilight Alternative High School[200] (443; 9–12) and Trenton Central High School[201] (1,818; 9–12).[202][203][204]

Eighth grade students from all of Mercer County are eligible to apply to attend the high school programs offered by the Mercer County Technical Schools, a county-wide vocational school district that offers full-time career and technical education at its Health Sciences Academy, STEM Academy and Academy of Culinary Arts, with no tuition charged to students for attendance.[205][206]

Charter schools

Trenton is home to several charter schools, including Capital Preparatory Charter High School, Emily Fisher Charter School, Foundation Academy Charter School, International Charter School, Paul Robeson Charter School and Village Charter School.[207]

The International Academy of Trenton, owned and monitored by the SABIS school network, became a charter school in 2014. On February 22, 2017, Trenton's mayor, Eric Jackson, visited the school when it opened its doors in the former Trenton Times building on 500 Perry Street, after completion of a $17 million renovation project. After receiving notice from the New Jersey Department of Education that the school's charter would not be renewed due to issues with academic performance and school management, the school closed its doors on June 30, 2018.[208]

Private schools

Trenton Catholic Academy high school serves students in grades 9–12, while Trenton Catholic Academy grammar school serves students in Pre-K through 8th grade; both schools operate under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Trenton.[209]

Trenton is home to Al-Bayaan Academy, which opened for preschool students in September 2001 and added grades in subsequent years.[210]

Trenton Community Music School is a not-for-profit community school of the arts. The school was founded by executive director Marcia Wood in 1997. The school operates at Blessed Sacrament Catholic Church (on Tuesdays) and the Copeland Center for the Performing Arts (on Saturdays).

Crime

In 2005, there were 31 homicides in Trenton, which at that time was the largest number in a single year in the city's history.[211] The city was named the 4th "Most Dangerous" in 2005 out of 129 cities with a population of 75,000 to 99,999 ranked nationwide in the 12th annual Morgan Quitno survey.[212] In the 2006 survey, Trenton was ranked as the 14th most dangerous city overall out of 371 cities included nationwide in the Morgan Quitno survey, and was again named as the fourth most dangerous municipality of 126 cities in the 75,000–99,999 population range.[213] Homicides went down in 2006 to 20, but back up to 25 in 2007.[214] In 2018 the city had 21 murders,[215] the same as in 2017, when the city accounted for 21 of the 25 homicides in all of Mercer County.[216]

In September 2011, the city laid off 108 police officers due to budget cuts; this constituted almost one-third of the Trenton Police Department and required 30 senior officers to be sent out on patrols in lieu of supervisory duties.[217]

In 2013, the city set a new record with 37 homicides.[218] In 2014, there were 23 murders through the end of July and the city's homicide rate was on track to break the record set the previous year until an 81-day period when there were no murders in Trenton; the city ended the year with 34 murders.[219][220] The number of homicides declined to 17 in 2015.[221]

New Jersey State Prison

The New Jersey State Prison (formerly Trenton State Prison) has two maximum security units. It houses some of the state's most dangerous individuals, which included New Jersey's death row population until the state banned capital punishment in 2007.[222]

The following is inscribed over the original entrance to the prison:

Labor, Silence, Penitence.
The Penitentiary House,
Erected By Legislative
Authority.
Richard Howell, Governor.
In The XXII Year Of
American Independence
MDCCXCVII
That Those Who Are Feared
For Their Crimes
May Learn To Fear The Laws
And Be Useful
Hic Labor, Hic Opus.[223]

Transportation

Roads and highways
U.S. Route 1 through downtown Trenton, looking north from the East State Street overpass

As of May 2010, the city had a total of 168.80 miles (271.66 km) of roadways, of which 145.57 miles (234.27 km) were maintained by the municipality, 11.33 miles (18.23 km) by Mercer County, 10.92 miles (17.57 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 0.99 miles (1.59 km) by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission.[224]

City highways include the Trenton Freeway (part of U.S. Route 1)[225] and the John Fitch Parkway, which is part of Route 29.[226] Canal Boulevard, more commonly known as Route 129, connects US 1 and Route 29 in South Trenton.[227] U.S. Route 206,[228] Route 31[229] and Route 33[230] also pass through the city via regular city streets (Broad Street/Brunswick Avenue/Princeton Avenue, Pennington Avenue, and Greenwood Avenue, respectively).

Route 29 connects the city to Interstate 295 and Interstate 195, the latter providing a connection to the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 95) at Exit 7A in Robbinsville Township.

Public transportation
The Trenton Transit Center, which serves Amtrak, NJ Transit, and SEPTA

Public transportation within the city and to/from its nearby suburbs is provided in the form of local bus routes run by NJ Transit. SEPTA also provides bus service to adjacent Bucks County, Pennsylvania.

The Trenton Transit Center, located on the heavily traveled Northeast Corridor, serves as the northbound terminus for SEPTA's Trenton Line (local train service to Philadelphia) and southbound terminus for NJ Transit Rail's Northeast Corridor Line (local train service to New York Penn Station). The train station also serves as the northbound terminus for the River Line, a diesel light rail line that runs to Camden.[231] Two additional River Line stops, Cass Street and Hamilton Avenue, are located within the city.[232]

Long-distance transportation is provided by Amtrak train service along the Northeast Corridor.[233]

The closest commercial airport is Trenton–Mercer Airport in Ewing Township, about 8 miles (13 km) from the center of Trenton, which has been served by Frontier Airlines offering service to and from 13 points nationwide.[234]

Other nearby major airports are Newark Liberty International Airport and Philadelphia International Airport, located 55.2 miles (88.8 km) and 43.4 miles (69.8 km) away, respectively, and reachable by direct New Jersey Transit or Amtrak rail link (to Newark) and by SEPTA Regional Rail (to Philadelphia).

NJ Transit Bus Operations provides bus service between Trenton and Philadelphia on the 409 route, with service to surrounding communities on the 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 606, 607, 608, 609 and 611 routes.[235][236]

The Greater Mercer Transportation Management Association offers service on the Route 130 Connection between the Trenton Transit Center and the South Brunswick warehouse district with stops along the route including Hamilton train station, Hamilton Marketplace, Hightstown and East Windsor Town Center Plaza.[237]

Media

Trenton is served by two daily newspapers: The Times and The Trentonian, as well as a monthly advertising magazine: "The City" Trenton N.E.W.S.. Radio station WKXW is also licensed to Trenton. Defunct periodicals include the Trenton True American. A local television station, WPHY-CD TV-25, serves the Trenton area.[238]

Trenton is officially part of the Philadelphia television market but some local pay TV operators also carry stations serving the New York market. While it is its own radio market, many Philadelphia and New York stations are easily receivable.

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Trenton include:

Academics

Actors and actresses

Artists

Authors, writers, journalists, poets

Colonial figures

Government, education and politics

Military

Music

Sports

Others

References
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  74. Bowen, Francis. American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge for the Year 1843, p. 231, David H. Williams, 1842. Accessed July 15, 2013. Population of 4,021 is listed for 1840, 14 less than shown in table.
  75. Raum, John O. The History of New Jersey: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Volume 1, pp. 276–7. J. E. Potter and company, 1877. Accessed July 15, 2013. "Trenton the capitol of the State, as well as the seat of justice of the county of Mercer, is beautifully located on the east bank of the Delaware, at the head of tide navigation. Here is located the State Capitol, built in 1793, enlarged in 1845 and 1865, and again in 1871. The State Prison, State Arsenal, State Normal and Model schools are also located here. The city has 7 wards. Its population in 1850, was 6,461; in 1860, 17,228; and in 1870, 22,874"
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  85. Bruder, Jessica. "Jerseyana; Trenton's Fighting Words", The New York Times, May 2, 2004. Accessed March 16, 2012. "Trenton Makes, the World Takes, reads the famous red neon sign that spans a bridge between the state Capitol and Morrisville, Pa., affectionately known by locals as the Trenton Makes bridge.... In its heyday, Trenton was a world-class producer of rubber, steel, wire rope, and pottery. The cables for three famous suspension bridges – the Brooklyn, George Washington and Golden Gate – were produced here at John A. Roebling's factory."
  86. Blackwell, Jon. "1911: 'Trenton Makes' history", The Trentonian. Accessed October 28, 2014.
  87. Mickle, Paul. "1984: A whole new skyline", The Trentonian. Accessed October 28, 2014.
  88. Raboteau, Albert. "Diversifying city's economy a major goal for Trenton", The Times (Trenton), January 30, 2003. Accessed October 28, 2014. "Another large goal is to lure private companies whose employees, officials say, are likely to work later in the evening and have more money to spend than the 20,000 or so state workers who swell downtown during business hours, then commute home to other municipalities."
  89. History, Italian Peoples Bakery. Accessed May 13, 2016. "The origin of Italian Peoples Bakery goes back to 1936 when Pasquale Gervasio, the patriarch of the family, opened a bakery on Hamilton Avenue in Trenton, New Jersey."
  90. Urban Enterprise Zone Tax Questions and Answers, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, May 2009. Accessed October 28, 2019. "The Urban Enterprise Zone Program (UEZ) was enacted in 1983. It authorized the designation of ten zones by the New Jersey Urban Enterprise Zone Authority: Camden, Newark, Bridgeton, Trenton, Plainfield, Elizabeth, Jersey City, Kearny, Orange and Millville/Vineland (joint zone)."
  91. Urban Enterprise Zone Program, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed October 27, 2019. "Businesses participating in the UEZ Program can charge half the standard sales tax rate on certain purchases, currently 3.3125% effective 1/1/2018"
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  93. Racioppi, Dustin. "Christie vetoes urban enterprise zone extension", The Record (North Jersey), February 10, 2017. Accessed November 19, 2019. "Gov. Chris Christie on Friday conditionally vetoed the Legislature's attempt to extend the Urban Enterprise Zone status for its five charter communities, calling the economic revitalization program an 'abject failure' with a 'devastating impact' on state revenue.... The Legislature returned with what it called a compromise bill, A-4189, to extend the designation for two years instead of 10 for the first five UEZs -- Bridgeton, Camden, Newark, Plainfield and Trenton -- which expired on Jan. 1."
  94. "Notice: Law Reinstates Five Urban Enterprise Zones And Also Extends The Expiration Date Of 12 Other UEZs", New Jersey Department of the Treasury Division of Taxation, May 30, 2018. Accessed November 19, 2019. "On May 30, 2018, Governor Murphy signed Senate Bill 846 (A3549). The law reinstated five expired Urban Enterprise Zones (UEZs). If your business is located in one of these zones, you may file an application to establish qualified business status. (Past certifications are no longer valid in these five zones). The five UEZs are in: *Bridgeton *Camden *Newark *Plainfield *Trenton. The UEZs in the five locations listed above expire on December 31, 2023."
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  102. Frequently Asked Questions about the War Memorial, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed September 7, 2013.
  103. About the Building, Old Barracks Museum. Accessed December 1, 2019. "In 1758, during the French and Indian War, the building now referred to as the Old Barracks was constructed by the colony of New Jersey in direct response to petitions from residents who were protesting compulsory quartering of soldiers in their own homes. It was one of five such buildings throughout New Jersey constructed for the purpose of housing British soldiers during the winter months of the war, and it is the only one still standing."
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  108. Huneke, Bill. "Trenton Speedway lives on at Pocono", The Times (Trenton), July 6, 2013. Accessed October 12, 2015. "As Indy Car racing returns to Pocono this weekend after a 24-year absence, only a few of the drivers competing were even alive when Trenton's last event was run in 1979."
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  110. McGeehan, Patrick. "Private Sector; A Wall St. Son at Nasdaq's Table ", The New York Times, December 17, 2000. Accessed January 5, 2015. "Mr. Plumeri, who owns a minor league team affiliated with the Red Sox, the Trenton Thunder, has even drawn Mr. Simmons to the team's stadium, Samuel J. Plumeri Field, to watch his beloved team play exhibition games."
  111. Arm & Hammer Park Trenton, New Jersey, Ball Parks of the Minor Leagues. Accessed January 5, 2015. "The playing field was named in 1999 in honor of Samuel Plumeri Sr., one of the driving forces in bring baseball back to New Jersey's state capital."
  112. Pahigian, Josh. The Ultimate Minor League Baseball Road Trip: A Fan's Guide to AAA, AA, A, and Independent League Stadiums, p. 45. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781599216270. Accessed January 5, 2015.
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  114. Foster, David. "Sacked: Trenton Freedom indoor football team folds", The Trentonian, August 26, 2015. Accessed October 12, 2015. "The Trenton Freedom is the latest professional sports team to shutter operations in the capital city, following the same doomed path of several other organizations at the Sun National Bank Center.... The Trenton Freedom, a member of the Professional Indoor Football League (PIFL), became the third indoor football team to fail at the Sun National Bank Center, lasting one year longer than the previous two. The Trenton Steel called the 8,000-seat arena home for six games in 2011. A decade earlier, the Trenton Lightning lasted just one season."
  115. Cadwalader Park Archived October 20, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Trenton City Museum. Accessed December 1, 2019. "Cadwalader Park is the largest urban park in the City of Trenton (109.5 acres). It is crossed by the Delaware & Raritan (D&R) Canal State Park.... Discussions among Hill and other Trenton civic leaders led to the engagement of Frederick Law Olmsted’s firm to design a park in 1890."
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  117. Trenton Society of Friends Meeting House, Destination Trenton. Accessed May 13, 2016. "In the burying-ground adjoining the Meeting House are buried many citizens who played prominent parts in the early history of the city."
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  121. Office of the Mayor, Trenton, New Jersey. Accessed March 15, 2020. "Reed Gusciora (born March 27, 1960) was sworn in as the 48th mayor of the City of Trenton on July 1st, 2018. Prior to becoming Mayor, he served in the New Jersey General Assembly since 1996, representing the 15th Legislative District, which includes portions of Mercer and Hunterdon Counties."
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  127. Pizzi, Jenna. "Trenton council to vote to install George Muschal as interim mayor", The Star-Ledger, March 4, 2014. Accessed October 12, 2015. "Council members decided to amend the agenda for their regularly scheduled meeting to include the action of appointing Muschal to the interim post. He will serve until a new mayor – elected in May – takes over July 1."
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  208. Foster, David. "Trenton charter school officially announces closure as 9th Grade Academy readies move-in", The Trentonian, June 1, 2018. Accessed July 11, 2018. "In a statement sent to The Trentonian on Friday, International Academy of Trenton (IAT) Charter School Board President Larry Chenault 'regretfully' accepted the doomed fate of the school, which spent $17 million to renovate the former Times of Trenton building into a state-of-the-art learning center.... IAT was informed in January by the New Jersey Department of Education (DOE) that the school, which educated 650 students, would be losing its charter at the end of this month for poor student performance and classroom mismanagement."
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  215. Ray, Penny. "2018: Trenton homicides by the numbers", The Trentonian, January 1, 2019. Accessed December 2, 2019. "The capital city concluded 2018 with 21 homicides, which includes the death of 52-year-old Michael Anderson, who was shot on a Wayne Avenue porch during the early morning hours of June 7, 2017."
  216. Cohen, Noah; and Iati, Marisa. "Homicides dropped by 7 percent in 2017. Here's how many each county had.", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, January 2018. Accessed December 2, 2019. "The state's capital, Trenton, accounted for 21 of this year's homicides in Mercer County, according to the county prosecutor's office. Ewing, Hamilton, Hopewell and Lawrence each logged one killing this year."
  217. Zdan, Alex. "Trenton police layoff plan to go into effect today", The Times (Trenton), September 16, 2011. Accessed January 10, 2012. "The 108 police officers slated to be terminated represent one-third of the force. Demotions affecting nearly 30 members will send current lieutenants and sergeants back to the street, depleting supervisor levels and the detective bureaus in an effort to keep patrols close to their current strength."
  218. Queally, James. "N.J. homicides soared to seven-year high in 2013 after surges in Newark, Trenton", The Star-Ledger, January 1, 2014. Accessed February 12, 2014. "In Trenton, the number of homicides soared to 37, the most in the state capital's recorded history."
  219. Brown, Keith. "Trenton homicides down, but not by much, in 2014", The Star-Ledger, January 1, 2015. Accessed May 16, 2016. "There were 34 homicides in Trenton in 2014 – a year following an inglorious record-setting 37 homicides in 2013."
  220. McEvoy, James. "Authorities ID Trenton homicide victim, investigate separate shooting", The Times (Trenton), October 19, 2014. Accessed May 16, 2016. "Sutphin's slaying was the first homicide in Trenton since July 30 when Tyshawn Goodman, 25, of Trenton, and George Jamison, 44, of Pennington, were shot to death in what police believed were separate robberies. The nearly three months of relative peace followed a bloody start in which the city saw 23 homicides in the first seven months of the year."
  221. Editorial. "Trenton bucks trend as murder rate drops in 2015", The Times (Trenton), January 7, 2016. Accessed May 16, 2016. "It is a sad fact that 17 people were murdered in Trenton last year. But from a purely statistical point of view, that number is cause for celebration in New Jersey's capital city."
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  243. George Reynolds, Rutgers University Oral History Archives, October 29, 1999. Accessed June 28, 2019. "I was born in 1917, in Trenton. Soon after that, I guess I was two years old, we moved to Highland Park, New Jersey, and that's where I lived my early life."
  244. Dr. Joshua Zeitz: Alumni Hall of Fame Class of 1990, Bordentown Regional High School. Accessed February 14, 2020. "Josh Zeitz was born in Trenton and grew up on Prince Street in Bordentown City."
  245. Donnelley, Paul. Fade to Black: A Book of Movie Obituaries, p. 7. Music Sales Group, 2003. ISBN 9780711995123. Accessed January 5, 2015. "Mrs Rudolph Valentino the First. Born in Trenton, New Jersey, the petite, hazel-eyed brunette began acting aged 18."
  246. Staff. "Betty Bronson, 17, Gets Peter Pan Role; Sir James Barrie Selects Almost Unknown Film Actress After 100 Tests of Players.", The New York Times, August 16, 1924. Accessed July 11, 2018. "Film Director Herbert Brenon announced tonight the name of the film actress selected to play Peter Pan in the screen version of Barrie's phantasy. She is Betty Bronson, aged 17, born in Trenton, N.J."
  247. Bennetts, Leslie. "New Face: Roxanne Hart Coming of Age In Loose Ends", The New York Times, July 6, 1979. Accessed July 2, 2018. "She was born in Trenton, the oldest of five children, but moved from Delaware to Colorado to Georgia to Long Island as her father, a biology teacher, took different jobs."
  248. Iannucci, Lisa. "Spotlight: Richard Kind; Mad about him", SuburbanLife Philadelphia, December 2009. Accessed October 2, 2019. "Born in Trenton, N.J., Kind was in fourth grade when his parents moved him and his younger sister, Joanne, to Yardley, Pa., where he stayed until he graduated from Pennsbury High School in 1974."
  249. Staff. "Trenton's own Ernie Kovacs to be celebrated Sunday, his 92nd birthday", The Trentonian, January 23, 2011. Accessed February 1, 2011.
  250. Stone, Sally. "Judith Light: Is best always better?", The Spokesman-Review, October 12, 1993. Accessed February 1, 2011. "Judith Light grew up in Trenton, New Jersey. After her junior year at St. Mary's Hall, a private girls' school, she enrolled in a summer drama program at Carnegie Tech..."
  251. Abdur-Rahman, Sulaiman. "Former 'Melrose Place' actress Amy Locane-Bovenizer of Hopewell indicted in fatal crash", The Trentonian, December 16, 2010. Accessed February 1, 2011. "Trenton-born TV and film actress Amy Locane-Bovenizer, whose resume includes several big screen gigs with Hollywood A-listers, was indicted Thursday on charges she was boozed up and driving recklessly when she killed a woman in a horrific two-vehicle accident June 27."
  252. Amy Robinson:Overview Archived June 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, MSN. Accessed February 8, 2011.
  253. Burch, Audra D. S. "Code Blue Best Of Times, Worst Of Times For Black Comics", Chicago Tribune, April 13, 1997. Accessed February 8, 2011. "'I talk about what people are thinking about,' says Sommore, from Trenton, N.J. 'And I use curse words to enrich what I am saying.'"
  254. About Us Archived January 26, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Treadway Realty. Accessed June 25, 2017. "Former One Life to Live television star and 4 time Emmy nominated talk show host Ty Treadway was born and raised in Trenton, New Jersey."
  255. Roberts, Sam. "Sammy Williams, Tony Winner in ‘A Chorus Line,’ Dies at 69", The New York Times, March 22, 2018. Accessed July 19, 2019. "Samuel Joseph Williams was born on Nov. 13, 1948, in Trenton to Joseph Williams, a factory worker, and the former Nona Dibella, who worked in a hospital."
  256. Fox, Margalit. "Helen Boehm, the Princess of Porcelain, Dies at 89", The New York Times, November 19, 2010. Accessed January 5, 2015. "In 1944, she married Edward Marshall Boehm. An experienced livestock breeder, he made realistic clay sculptures of animals as a pastime. Mrs. Boehm encouraged him to pursue his art professionally, and eventually, with a loan from one of her eyeglass clients, they started a porcelain studio in a Trenton basement."
  257. Blau, Eleanor. "Ruth Donnelly, Comedienne And Character Actor In Films", The New York Times, November 19, 1982. Accessed January 9, 2015. "Born in Trenton, Miss Donnelly, whose father was a newspaper editor, music critic and columnist, began her career at the age of 17 as a chorus girl and shortly afterward began appearing in stage plays, including several productions of George M. Cohan."
  258. Peter Hujar, Blouin Artinfo. Accessed January 22, 2017. "Born in Trenton, New Jersey, in the autumn of 1934, Peter Hujar was left in the care of his immigrant grandparents as an infant."
  259. Atkins, Holly. "Welcome to Tangerine, and be careful", St. Petersburg Times, February 18, 2002. Accessed January 25, 2011.
  260. Guide to the Edward Y. Breese papers 1965–1972, Orbiscascade.org. Accessed January 5, 2015. "Edward Yarde Breese was born in Trenton, New Jersey in 1912."
  261. Staff. "Princeton Authors", p. 26. Princeton Alumni Weekly, Volume 50. Accessed January 5, 2015. "Born in New York City and reared in Trenton, Mr. Brooks entered Princeton from Kent School in 1938."
  262. "Russell G. Carter; Newton Author Wrote 50 Books", The Boston Globe, May 9, 1957. Accessed December 8, 2020, via Newspapers.com. "Mr. Carter was born Jan. 1, 1892, Trenton, N.J, the son of John Rogers and Alice (Hughes) Carter."
  263. Morris, Shaheed M. "City woman's 50-year-old letter part of TLC Kennedy special", The Trentonian, November 16, 2013. Accessed January 15, 2018. "Hirsch was born in Trenton. She graduated from Ewing High School in 1968."
  264. Wolk, Martin. "Reading the Northwest: Pam Houston saved the ranch, and it saved her in return", The Spokesman-Review, January 19, 2019. Accessed December 2, 2019. "Pam Houston at a glance Born in: Trenton, N.J., 1962 (age 57)"
  265. Kabatchnik, Amnon. Blood on the Stage, 1975–2000: Milestone Plays of Crime, Mystery, and Detection, p. 139. Scarecrow Press, 2012. ISBN 9780810883550. Accessed September 15, 2018. "William Mastrosimone was born in Trenton, New Jersey in 1947. He attended The Pennington School and received an MFA in playwriting from Mason Gross School of the Arts, part of Rutgers University, where his first play, Devil Take the Hindmost, was produced in 1977, winning the David Library of the American Revolution Award."
  266. Marsh, Steven P. "Kung Fu Panda director takes on The Little Prince", The Journal News, February 29, 2016. Accessed July 2, 2018. "The two-time Academy Award nominee's journey toward making a big-screen version of The Little Prince – based on Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's beloved 1943 illustrated novella – began more than two decades ago, as the result of a young woman's romantic gesture toward the Trenton, New Jersey, native."
  267. Staff. "Talking too much for our own good", The Intelligencer, May 15, 2003. Accessed February 8, 2011. "That version of Bob Ryan spent 20 minutes talking about the Palestra, growing up in Trenton, and great writers from the Philadelphia area."
  268. "Ntozake Shange" Archived July 7, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Illustrated Women in History. Accessed October 3, 2017. "Shange was born Paulette L. Williams in 1948 in Trenton, New Jersey, where as a child she attended poetry readings with her sister."
  269. Sharpe, Tom. "Nancy Wood, 1936–2013: Writer, photographer found new 'way of being and seeing' in New Mexico", The Santa Fe New Mexican, March 13, 2013. Accessed October 10, 2016. "Born on June 20, 1936, in Trenton, N.J., to an Irish Catholic family, Wood attended Bucknell University in Lewisburg, Penn."
  270. Sparkman, Wayne. This Day in Presbyterian History – January 19: Rev. James Francis Armstrong, PCA Historical Center, January 19, 2013. Accessed October 12, 2015.
  271. "Atlee, Samuel John, (1739–1786)", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed January 5, 2015. "a Delegate from Pennsylvania; born in Trenton, N.J., in 1739, during the temporary residence of his parents at that place"
  272. Cadwalader Family Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Accessed October 12, 2015. "Dr. Thomas's elder son, John Cadwalader (1742–1786), spent his first eight years living in Trenton, before the family returned to Philadelphia."
  273. "Cadwalader, Lambert, (1742–1823)", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed January 8, 2015. "Delegate and a Representative from New Jersey; born near Trenton, N.J., in 1742"
  274. Dr. Thomas Cadwalader (1707–1779) Archived July 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, University of Pennsylvania Archives & Records Center. Accessed January 8, 2015. "In addition to his work as a physician, Cadwalader was politically active. In 1746, while a resident of Trenton, he became its chief burgess."
  275. Dickinson, Philemon, (1739–1809), Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed January 9, 2015.
  276. Hansen, Brandon. "Great Americans: Molly Pitcher, Woman of the Revolution", The Chewelah Independent, July 4, 2019. Accessed December 3, 2019. "Hays was given the nickname of Molly Pitcher, as the history is still a little bit contested as some say there were other women that also earned the nickname Molly Pitcher at the battle. Mary Ludwig Gays, however, is generally believed to be the original Molly Pitcher although there is a great deal of folklore around the woman. Hays was born in 1744 in Trenton New Jersey and lived to be 87 years old, passing away in 1832."
  277. McAuliff, Michael. "Alito Bit of GOP Love", Daily News|location=New York, January 10, 2006. Accessed January 25, 2011. "With two rows of his family sitting behind him, Alito recounted his Trenton upbringing, the lives of his immigrant parents, and the culture clash he felt when he went to Princeton University in the late '60s."
  278. Johnson, Eric A.; and Hermann, Anna. "The Last Flight From Tallinn" Archived August 1, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Foreign Service Journal, May 2007. Accessed August 1, 2019. "Henry Antheil Jr. was born in 1912 in Trenton, N.J., one of four children to Henry William Antheil, owner of a shoe store, and his wife Wilhemine Huse, both Lutheran immigrants from Germany."
  279. Staff. "Americans Reach Safety In Sweden; 43 Persons, Evacuated From Finnish Capital, Are Taken to Stockholm by Ship U.S. Legation Is Moved Staff, Still on Duty, Takes Up Temporary Quarters About 12 Miles From Helsinki", The New York Times, December 6, 1939. Accessed July 22, 2018. "Henry W. Antheil, clerk, Trenton, N. J."
  280. John Taylor Bird, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 17, 2007.
  281. James Bishop, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 1, 2007.
  282. Kennedy, Charles Stuart. Interview with Ambassador Peggy Blackford, Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, November 28, 2016. "Q: Let’s start at the beginning. When and where were you born? BLACKFORD: I was born in Trenton, New Jersey, in 1942."
  283. John Hart Brewer, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 17, 2007.
  284. Staff. "Ex-Senator Briggs Dead In Trehton; Chairman of Republican State Committee Had Been III for a Year", The New York Times, May 9, 1913. Accessed July 2, 2018. "Trenton, N. J., May 8. – Having suffered for some time with a complication of diseases, although having been confined to his bed for only a week, Frank O. Briggs, until last March United States Senator from New Jersey, died at his West State Street home here tonight at 8:30 o'clock."
  285. Michele Brown: Chief Executive Officer, Economic Development Authority Archived November 1, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Governor Chris Christie. Accessed January 5, 2015. "A native of Trenton, New Jersey, Ms. Brown received her J.D., magna cum laude, from Georgetown University Law Center and her B.A., magna cum laude, from Drew University."
  286. James Buchanan, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 27, 2007.
  287. Dullard, John P. Fitzgerald's Legislative Manual of the State of New Jersey, 1922, p. 375. Josephine A. Fitzgerald, 1922. Accessed October 12, 2015. "State Comptroller. Newton Abert Kendall Bugbee, Trenton"
  288. Saxon, Wolfgang. "Robert J. Burkhardt, 83, Leader Of New Jersey Democrats in 60's", The New York Times, January 5, 2000. Accessed January 5, 2015. "Robert James Burkhardt, a onetime power in the New Jersey Democratic Party who helped organize the Soviet-American summit meeting at Glassboro, N.J., but stumbled in a bribery scandal, died on Dec. 30 at Arden Hill Hospital in Goshen, N.Y. A former resident of Trenton and Central Valley, N.Y., he was 83."
  289. Bio, TeamChopra.org. Accessed January 8, 2015. "Born the son of immigrants in Trenton, New Jersey, Aneesh Chopra has spent his life focusing on education and innovation."
  290. Conger, James Lockwood, (1805 - 1876), Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed December 2, 2019. "Conger, James Lockwood, a Representative from Michigan; born in Trenton, N.J., February 18, 1805"
  291. Biographical Profile for Martin Connor, Vote NY. Accessed January 8, 2015. "He was born in 1945 in Trenton, New Jersey."
  292. Staff. "Former Rep. Willard S. Curtin Dies At 90 Caption: Republican Represented Bucks And Lehigh Counties, 1957–67.", The Morning Call, February 7, 1996. Accessed January 8, 2015. "Born in Trenton, N.J., he was a son of the late William and Edna (Mountford) Curtin."
  293. Brown, John Howard. Lamb's Biographical Dictionary of the United States, Volume 2, 1900, page 394. Accessed November 25, 2012.
  294. Wayne DeAngelo's BiographyPrintTrack This Politician, Project Vote Smart. Accessed January 9, 2015.
  295. Bohlen, Celestine. "The Nation: David N. Dinkins; An Even Temper In the Tempest of Mayoral Politics", The New York Times, September 17, 1989. Accessed March 16, 2012. "From his childhood, which he spent divided between New York City and Trenton, David Dinkins has kept steady control of his emotions, friends and family members say. When he was 6 years old, his mother left his father in Trenton and moved to New York, taking her two children with her. Mr. Dinkins later returned to Trenton, where he attended elementary and high school."
  296. Doane, George Washington; and Doane, William Croswell. The Life and Writings of George Washington Doane ...: For Twenty-seven Years Bishop of New Jersey. Containing His Poetical Works, Sermons, and Miscellaneous Writings, Volume 1, p. 11. D. Appleton, 1860. Accessed January 9, 2015. "George Washington Doane was born in Trenton, New Jersey, May 27 A. D. 1799."
  297. Staff. "F. Donnelly Dead. 21 Years as Mayor. Trenton Leader Resigned in 1932 Because of Health. His Father Mayor 1884–86.", The New York Times, September 26, 1935. Accessed July 2, 2018..
  298. "Rubin Names BEP Director And Deputy Director", United States Department of the Treasury, press release dated December 7, 1998. Accessed December 2, 2019. "Ferguson received a B.A. in economics from Lafayette College, Easton, PA, and a master's degree in public administration from the University of Southern California. He was born in Trenton, N.J."
  299. Kennedy, Charles Stuart. Ambassador Richard Funkhouser, Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, February 2, 1998. Accessed December 2, 2019. "I was born and raised as a young man in Trenton, New Jersey, and, whimsically, I used to look at the "National Geographics" and figure out the farthest place I could get from Trenton, which turned out to be Outer Mongolia, in the country of the yaks, and I resolved that I would get there."
  300. Myers, William Starr. Prominent Families of New Jersey, Volume 1, p. 24. reprinted by Genealogical Publishing Company, 2000. ISBN 9780806350363. Accessed August 1, 2019. "Hon. Harry Heher - Justice Harry Heher was born March 20, 1889, in Trenton, New Jersey, son of John and Anne (Spelman) Heher."
  301. Charles Robert Howell, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 10, 2007.
  302. Elijah Cubberley Hutchinson, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 7, 2007.
  303. Kull, Helen. "Ewing Then and Now: A life spent devoted to service", Community News, March 28, 2017. Accessed December 2, 2019. "Marie Louise Hunt Hilson was born in Trenton on Dec. 8, 1882 to Cleaveland and Matilda Emily Hunt."
  304. Staff. "Former JFK, LBJ aide remembers years in Washington" Archived October 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press, October 23, 2008. Accessed February 1, 2011. "Katzenbach, a native of Philadelphia who grew up in Trenton, NJ, was born into a political family."
  305. Gray, Jerry. "Television's 'Lottery Guy' Strives to Stay in Senate", The New York Times, September 4, 1992. Accessed November 2, 2017. "Richard Joseph LaRossa Born: July 1, 1946; Trenton. Hometown: Trenton. Education: Notre Dame High School, Trenton"
  306. Cohen, J. "Leo Levin, 96", Jewish Exponent, December 10, 2015. Accessed August 1, 2019. "Leo Levin loved people, Judaism and the law. The Trenton native, who spent the last 28 years in Merion, taught for 50 years at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, started Lower Merion Synagogue in Bala Cynwyd and always put other people first."
  307. Joe Holley, "Former Diplomat Sol Linowitz, 91, Dies", The Washington Post, March 18, 2005. Accessed March 20, 2012. "Sol Myron Linowitz was the eldest of four sons born to Joseph and Rose Oglenskye Linowitz, immigrants from a region of Poland under Russian rule. He was born in Trenton, N.J., in a multicultural neighborhood of Jews, Protestants and Catholics, as well as one African American family."
  308. Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey, Volume 204, Part 2, p. 215. J.A. Fitzgerald., 1991. Accessed April 20, 2020. "Francis J. McManimon, Dem., Hamilton - Senator McManimon was born in Trenton, Sept. 30, 1926."
  309. Pace, Eric. "Joseph Merlino, 76, Trenton Political Figure", The New York Times, October 9, 1998. Accessed August 1, 2019. "Born in Trenton, he was the son of Pasquale Merlino and the former Margarita Fuccello."
  310. Staff. "Dayton Oliphant, Ex-Judge, 75, Dies; Headed Court of Errors and Appeals in New Jersey", The New York Times, June 27, 1963. Accessed July 2, 2018. "Born in Trenton, Mr. Oliphant attended the Lawrenceville School and was a memberof the Princeton University class of 2010."
  311. Justice Anne M. Patterson Archived May 30, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Courts. Accessed June 3, 2018. "Justice Patterson was born in Trenton on April 15, 1959, and raised in Hopewell Township and Princeton."
  312. David Lane Powers, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 9, 2007.
  313. Johnson, Brent. "Meet N.J.'s newest Assembly member", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, February 15, 2018. Accessed February 15, 2018. "A two-term Trenton councilwoman is now the newest lawmaker serving in the Statehouse across town.... Reynolds-Jackson is a graduate of Trenton Central High School and has a bachelor's degree in sociology from Trenton State College – now the College of New Jersey – and a master's degree in administration from Central Michigan University."
  314. Daniel Bailey Ryall, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 3, 2007.
  315. Staff. "Antonin Scalia Associate Justice Nominee", The Miami Herald, June 18, 1986. Accessed August 6, 2009.
  316. Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey, 1956, p. 381. Accessed August 1, 2019. "Sido L. Ridolfi (Dem., Trenton, N. J.) Senator Ridolfi was born in Trenton, September 28, 1913. He is a graduate of Trenton Senior High School, Princeton University, and Harvard Law School."
  317. Charles Skelton, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 25, 2007.
  318. Robin Titus' BiographyPrintTrack This Politician, Project Vote Smart. Accessed February 9, 2016.
  319. Sackett, William Edgar; and Scannell, John James. Scannell's New Jersey First Citizens: Biographies and Portraits of the Notable Living Men and Women of New Jersey with Informing Glimpses Into the State's History and Affairs, Volume 1, p. 511. J. J. Scannell, 1917. Accessed July 13, 2016. "Bennet Van Syckel— Trenton.— Jurist. Born in Bethlehem, Hunterdon Co., April 17, 1830."
  320. Staff. "Albert C. Wagner Dies at 76; Headed Jersey Prison System", The New York Times, June 20, 1987. Accessed October 17, 2015. "Born in Trenton, Mr. Wagner was a graduate of Villanova University and the University of Pennsylvania, where he received a master's degree."
  321. Allan Bartholomew Walsh, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 6, 2007.
  322. Fitzgerald's Legislative Manual, 1984, p. 262. J.A. Fitzgerald, 1986. Accessed November 9, 2017. "Karl Weidel, Rep., Clinton – Assemblyman Weidel was born Sept. 27, 1923, in Trenton. He lives at One Charles Way, Clinton."
  323. Ira Wells Wood, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 6, 2007.
  324. Staff. "Ousted In Jersey Over Food Charges; Barlow Dropped as Procurement Officer After Appeal to Hershey by Edison U.S. Audit Is Started State Quartermaster, Who Also Held a Selective Service Post, Is Silent on Move", The New York Times, February 22, 1942. Accessed July 2, 2018. "Stephen H. Barlow of Trenton, quartermaster general of New Jersey, was summarily removed today as procurement officer of this State for selective service."
  325. Staff. "Gen. Bluemel Gets DSM; Jersey Officer Commanded Division at Bataan Before Capture", The New York Times, November 10, 1945. Accessed July 2, 2018. "The Army's Distinguished Service Medal was presented at the Presidio today to Brig. Gen. Clifford Bluemel of Trenton, N. J., who commanded the Thirty-first Division in the defense of Bataan before his capture by the Japanese who held him prisoner more than two years."
  326. Thomas McCall Cadwalader, The Society of the Cincinnati in the State of New Jersey. Accessed December 2, 2019. "Born in Trenton, NJ on 11 Sep 1795 and died at 'Greenwood' in Trenton, NJ on 16 Oct 1873."
  327. Ensign Frank W. Crilley, USNR (1883–1947), Naval History & Heritage Command. Accessed January 8, 2015. ""Frank William Crilley was born in Trenton, New Jersey, on September 13, 1883."
  328. Armstrong, Samuel S. "Trenton in the Mexican, Civil, and Spanish–American Wars", Trenton Historical Society. Accessed May 9, 2007. "Samuel Gibbs French was a native of Trenton and graduated from West Point in 1843 with the brevet rank of Second Lieutenant and assigned to the Third U.S. Artillery, July 1, 1843."
  329. Medal of Honor Recipients — World War II (G-L), United States Army Center of Military History, July 16, 2007. Accessed January 28, 2008.
  330. Nadel, Logan. "Celebrating Trenton’S Historical Figures: Needham Roberts", Trenton Daily, May 18, 2020. Accessed June 3, 2020. "For the third iteration of Trenton’s Historic Figures, we will be taking a close look at Needham Roberts, a war hero who earned not only the Croix de Guerre medal by the French government, but also the purple heart posthumously in 1996 for his service during World War I. Born in 1901, Roberts grew up on Wilson Street in Trenton, NJ and was the son of a pastor."
  331. Lamb, David. "General a winner who learned history's lessons", St. Petersburg Times, March 9, 1991. Accessed February 8, 2011. "H. Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. – the H. stands for nothing and he doesn't use the junior – was born in Trenton, NJ, 56 years ago, the son of German immigrants."
  332. Livingston, Guy. "George Antheil's Childhood in Trenton", Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, September 2001. Accessed January 25, 2011.
  333. Phillips, Rashad. "MellowHype: Chordaroy Life" Archived March 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, HipHopDX, July 15, 2011. Accessed March 30, 2012. "DX: Now as far as the L.A. scene, I read that you are actually from out East. Hodgy Beats: Yeah, I was born in East Lawrence, New Jersey and raised in Trenton until I was eight."
  334. Carman, ChristianMusic.com. Accessed January 8, 2015. "Carman grew up in a close, fun-loving, musical Italian family in Trenton, New Jersey."
  335. Kaufman, Gil. "Jay-Z's 'Decoded': The Reviews Are In! Hov 'deserves the same level of respect as any of those great scribes,' one reviewer writes, comparing the MC to iconic poets.", MTV, November 16, 2010. Accessed January 25, 2011.
  336. Charles Hayward Chapman Obituary Archived January 9, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, ObitsforLife.com. Accessed January 8, 2015. "Born in Trenton, New Jersey Charles was fascinated by the guitar at an early age, and that fascination led him to Berklee College of Music."
  337. Opdyke, Tom. "Pop Music This 'Boots' Is Made For The Tenor Saxophone", The Morning Call, February 18, 1984. Accessed January 25, 2011.
  338. Provizer, Norman. "Richie Cole Brings Sax Appeal To Vartan", Rocky Mountain News, April 4, 1996. Accessed March 25, 2012. "On his current CD, Kush: The Music of Dizzy Gillespie, alto saxophonist Richie Cole spends most of his time in the company of a large brass section.... Instead, the Trenton, N.J. native will be in a quartet setting for a live recording on the Vartan Jazz label."
  339. Staff. "Johnny Coles, 71, Warm Jazz Trumpeter", The New York Times, December 31, 1997. Accessed January 8, 2015."Mr. Coles was born in Trenton, and his family moved to Philadelphia when he was still a child."
  340. Staff. "Richard Crooks Wins Plaudits On Return; American Tenor Sings Oratorio and Opera Airs Before Throng in Carnegie Hall.", The New York Times, October 27, 1927. Accessed July 2, 2018. "There was a distinct feeling, however, that the stalwart young lyric singer of seven-and-twenty from Trenton, N. J., stood now at a parting of the professional ways, since his promising dramatic essay in Berlin."
  341. Urciuoli, Brielle. "Sarah Dash of Labelle talks at TCNJ about her Trenton roots", The Times (Trenton), September 24, 2014. Accessed October 28, 2014. "Musician and Trenton native Sarah Dash lectures at The College of New Jersey in Ewing on Wednesday, September 24, 2014."
  342. Smith, Liz. "The great Nona Hendryx – jamming with Lady Marmalade", Chicago Tribune, July 2, 2014. Accessed May 13, 2016. "That's the great R&B, soul, dance, funk, rock, art rock, hard rock and New Age diva Nona Hendryx. (Born in Trenton, New Jersey, Nona sounds rather British now. It's been a cosmopolitan life.)"
  343. Staff. "Jim Croce and Maury Muehleisen's musical partnership endures", Inside Jersey, August 16, 2010. Accessed March 16, 2012. "Maury Muehleisen was blessed with many musical gifts. By the time he was a teenager, the Trenton native already was an accomplished pianist. In late 1970, at age 21, Muehleisen released Gingerbreadd, his only solo album, on Capitol Records."
  344. Staff. "Local celebs need to brush up on Goodwill" Archived July 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, 98.4 Capital FM, July 4, 2010. Accessed February 8, 2011. "In addition to Jay-Z and Russell Simmons, rappers Ludacris, Chuck D and Trenton's own Wise Intelligent of the Poor Righteous Teachers will deliver taped messages to attendees."
  345. Kuperinsky, Amy. "Trenton's DJ Father Shaheed of Poor Righteous Teachers dead at 45", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, May 28, 2014, updated March 29, 2019. Accessed September 3, 2020. "DJ Father Shaheed, a member of the Trenton hip-hop trio Poor Righteous Teachers born Scott Phillips, died in a motorcycle accident on Memorial Day."
  346. "Trenton Pianist Bows; Marion Zarzeczna Includes 2 Contemporary Compositions", The New York Times, April 5, 1954. Accessed August 22, 2018. "Marion Zarzeczna, young Trenton pianist with well drilled fingers, gave her first New York recital late yesterday afternoon at Town Hall."
  347. Gordon, Cormac. "Former Wagner College basketball player Terrance Bailey in good company", Staten Island Advance, February 14, 2013. Accessed October 12, 2015. "It turns out, not surprisingly, that Bailey liked being included with those Hall of Famers a whole lot. 'Wow,' the 47-year-old said after hearing the list over the phone Tuesday night in his Trenton home."
  348. Thompson, Thomas. "Brash Bo Comes On with a Big Pitch", Life, June 8, 1962. Accessed January 25, 2011.
  349. Elvin Bethea Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, database Football. Accessed November 26, 2007.
  350. Mike Bloom, NJSports.com. Accessed August 1, 2019. "Meyer Bloom was born January 14, 1915 in New York City and grew up in Trenton."
  351. Chass, Murray. "Twins Defeat Yanks for Sweep", The New York Times, May 7, 1971. Accessed October 22, 2017. "Braun, a resident of Trenton who will be 23 years old on Saturday, took two balls before sending a grounder toward center field."
  352. Staff. "Tal Brody returns to basketball home, A Trenton High star who became a star in Israel leads students on a U.S. exhibition tour.", The Philadelphia Inquirer, October 13, 2006. Accessed January 25, 2011.
  353. Caldwell, Dave. "Sprinter Turned Driver Is a Quick Study in Acceleration", The New York Times, August 30, 2009. Accessed November 26, 2013. "Brown, a 33-year-old native of Chesterfield, N.J., could become the first African-American to win a major N.H.R.A. championship.... Brown lived in Trenton until he was 6. When his grandfather died, his family moved to his grandmother's 10-acre farm in Chesterfield, in the rural part of Burlington County."
  354. Wally Campbell, Getty Images. Accessed January 8, 2015. "Wally Campbell of Trenton, New Jersey, had a short racing career that lasted from 1947 through 1954, but his accomplishments were many."
  355. Case III, George. "Remembering a Trenton dad who made his mark in the big leagues", The Trentonian, July 4, 2010. Accessed January 25, 2011.
  356. Longman, Jere. "Boxing; 3 Friends Qualify for U.S. Boxing Team", The New York Times, April 19, 1996. Accessed December 4, 2007. "Cauthen, 19, grew up 40 miles north, in Trenton, but he has fought out of Frazier's gym in Philadelphia for nine years."
  357. Maidenburg, Micah. "Investor aims to buy 3,000 foreclosed Chicago homes", Chicago Real Estate Daily, October 19, 2012. Accessed January 8, 2015. "A native New Yorker, Mr. Cogsville, 47, grew up in Trenton, N.J., before moving south to attend the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was a soccer star, scoring 29 goals over four years, according to an article in the Daily Tar Heel, a student newspaper."
  358. Gwyn Coogan Archived January 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, USA Track & Field. Accessed January 8, 2015.
  359. Hollis Copeland, Basketball-Reference.com. Accessed January 8, 2015.
  360. Harry Deane, Baseball-Reference.com. Accessed January 9, 2015.
  361. Staff. "ECWA Interview with WWE Hall of Famer JJ Dillon", ECWA Pro Wrestling, December 20, 2013. Accessed January 9, 2015. "JJ Dillon: I started as a fan. I was born and raised in Trenton, New Jersey. As a young teenager I discovered wrestling on... I'm giving my age away (laughs)... on a black and white television. It was on one night a week for an hour and a half. And eventually a live event came to my hometown to the armory in Trenton. And when I went to the show and saw all these larger than life characters in action I was hooked."
  362. Lewis, Brian. "Rutgers hires St Louis' Dan Donigan", New York Post, January 22, 2010. Accessed January 9, 2015. "Donigan is a 43-year-old Trenton native and Steinert (NJ) High School grad."
  363. Freeman, Rick. "Diamond Reflections: Al Downing misses creativity in the batters' box", The Times (Trenton), August 18, 2010. Accessed March 20, 2012. "Over 33 years since he threw his last major-league pitch and nearly a half-century since he left Trenton to pursue a professional career, Al Downing remains a keen and opinionated observer of the game of baseball."
  364. John David Easton '55, Princeton Alumni Weekly. Accessed August 1, 2019. "John Easton died of melanoma July 28, 2001, at the Medical Center in Princeton. Born in Trenton, he was a longtime Hopewell Township resident."
  365. Nick Frascella, Peach Basket Society. Accessed September 10, 2019. "Born: July 6, 1914 Trenton, NJ"
  366. Bostrom, Don. "Gallagher Leads Phils Past Giants Outfielder's 3-For-3 Night Sparks 2-1 Win", The Morning Call, May 25, 1995. Accessed February 1, 2011. "With Lenny Dykstra nursing his sore lower back for the second straight day, role player Dave Gallagher took over the leading role. All the 34-year-old Trenton native did was go 3-for-3 to raise his average to a nifty .441."
  367. Avilucea, Isaac. "Trenton on hook for $60K in high-speed chase that injured famed boxer, woman", The Trentonian, January 3, 2018. Accessed December 11, 2018. "While city boxing legend Samuel Goss scored a technical knockout, his daughter also scored a nice chunk of change following a police car chase that injured the two city residents.... Goss, a five-time Golden Gloves champ and former Olympian, is settling his federal lawsuit – which accused several 'John Doe' cops of being 'careless and negligent' in the car chase – for $25,000."
  368. Staff. "76ers Add Greg Grant's Speed As Team Seeks Zip In Offense The Team's Newest Guard Came From The Cba To Help Replace Vernon Maxwell. He Has A Chance To Stick.", The Philadelphia Inquirer, November 22, 1995. Accessed February 1, 2011. "Grant, a Trenton native, has played with five NBA teams since coming into the league as the Phoenix Suns' second round pick out of Trenton State in 1989."
  369. Mel Groomes, Pro-Football-Reference.com. Accessed August 1, 2019. "Born: March 6, 1927 in Trenton, NJ"
  370. Fremon, Suzanne S. "State Has 13 on Olympic Team", The New York Times, August 13, 1972. Accessed November 22, 2017. "Other New Jerseyans on the various Olympic teams are Phillip Grippaldo of Belle ville and Frank Capsouras of River Edge, weight lifters; Robert Sparks of Clark and Thomas Hardiman of Trenton, team‐handball players, and Reginald Jones of Newark a light‐middleweight boxer."
  371. Jacke Healey, Minor League Baseball. Accessed July 2, 2018. "Birthplace: Trenton, NJ"
  372. Staff. "Sixers-Nets Talks Stall Over Hinson", The Philadelphia Inquirer, January 15, 1988. Accessed February 1, 2011. "'If it's in New Jersey, I'm close to home,' added Hinson, a native of Trenton."
  373. D'Allesandro, Dave. "Notebook: Trenton native Dahntay Jones enjoying his best season yet with the Indiana Pacers", The Star-Ledger, November 17, 2009. Accessed February 1, 2011.
  374. Staff. "Falcons win at Lambeau, take on Vet next", Philadelphia Daily News, January 6, 2003. Accessed February 1, 2011. "Now it's on to Philadelphia, not far from Kerney's hometown of Trenton, to play the Eagles..."
  375. CFL.ca Player Profile. Accessed December 17, 2007.
  376. Varsallone, Jim. "Ring of Honor fans enjoy making Cheeseburger a top seller", The Miami Herald, April 30, 2016. Accessed January 4, 2018. "Cheeseburger grew up Brandel in Trenton, N.J. He attended Trenton Catholic Academy in Hamilton, N.J. He played some basketball in school but nothing serious."
  377. Staff. "Report: Giants' Mckenzie Arrested For Dui", The Sports Network, November 14, 2008. Accessed February 1, 2011. "A Trenton, New Jersey native, McKenzie has played all but three games for the Giants since signing with the club as a free agent prior to the 2005 season."
  378. Bob Milacki Stats, Baseball-Reference.com. Accessed June 3, 2018.
  379. Karin Miller, International Tennis Federation. Accessed September 17, 2018. "Birth Place: Trenton, New Jersey, USA"
  380. Johnson, Greg. "Trenton Central grad Keith Newell returns to Sun National Bank Center with Philadelphia Soul", The Trentonian, June 9, 2016. Accessed August 1, 2019. "The nostalgia washes over Keith Newell as he paces the turf on the floor of Sun National Bank Center, completing a two-hour walkthrough with the Arena Football League’s Philadelphia Soul. Moments later, the Trenton native speaks to a trio of reporters and reminisces about his days around these parts and this venue."
  381. Myles Powell, Seton Hall Pirates men's basketball. Accessed August 6, 2019. "Attended Medford Tech, Trenton Catholic, and most recently South Kent School... birthday is July 7 and was born in Trenton, N.J."
  382. Sherman, Steve. "Soccer: Popularity aside, a new skill is mastered in Bristol", Bucks Local News, August 22, 2012. Accessed November 2, 2017. "'You can't just stand there flat-footed,' said Robinson, a former Trenton resident and three-time All-American at Adelphi University (1990) who graduated from Notre Dame High School in 1986."
  383. Staff. "Miller, Rodman highlight Hall of Fame finalists", Toronto Sun, November 30, 2010. Accessed February 8, 2011. "A native of Trenton, New Jersey, Rodman was a controversial presence both on and off the court despite winning five NBA titles (1988–89 with Detroit; 1996–98 with Chicago)."
  384. Hageny, John Christian. "Hockey: Where are they now? Call Lawrenceville's Sanguinetti a Hurricane", The Star-Ledger, February 24, 2013. Accessed February 8, 2018. "Bobby Sanguinetti was born in Trenton, grew up a New York Rangers fan and even wore number 22 for a time in his career in honor of his favorite player, Brian Leetch, while skating at Lawrenceville."
  385. Harris, Beth. "Dutch treat: Schoutens earns 2nd Olympic speedskating spot" Archived January 26, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Herald, January 4, 2018. Accessed January 25, 2018. "Schoutens, born in Trenton, New Jersey, to Dutch parents, won the 3,000 on Tuesday to qualify for her first Olympics."
  386. Lee, Edward. "Special Season For Ravens' Stills; Reserve Linebacker, Dominant On Special Teams, Calls Campaign 'Highlight Of My Career'", The Baltimore Sun, December 9, 2006. Accessed February 8, 2011. "A native of Trenton, NJ, Stills repeated the fourth and seventh grades and sat out his first year at West Virginia after being ruled academically."
  387. Parker, L.A.. "The former South Carolina University star via Trenton Catholic Academy requested a rebounder then showed the genesis of her nickname.", Trentonian for trentonian.com, February 26, 2019.
  388. Alphonso Taylor, JustSportsStats.com. Accessed August 1, 2019. "Born: September 7, 1969 Trenton, NJ"
  389. Vince Thompson, Pro-Football-Reference.com. Accessed July 15, 2019. "Born: February 21, 1957 (Age: 62-144d) in Trenton, NJ"
  390. Lamb, Bill. Mike Tiernan, Society for American Baseball Research. Accessed June 12, 2018. "Michael Joseph Tiernan was born in Trenton, New Jersey, on January 21, 1867, the youngest of three boys born to Irish Catholic immigrants."
  391. Dantouma Toure, TopDrawerSoccer.com. Accessed July 20, 2020. "High School: Trenton Central; Region: New Jersey; City: Trenton; State: New Jersey"
  392. Attner, Paul. "A work of heart: much of Eagles cornerback Troy Vincent's hometown of Trenton, N.J., is in disrepair. But his plentiful, passionate and personal work to rebuild and revitalize the community is beginning to show results and makes him No. 1 on TSN's annual list of Good Guys in pro sports", The Sporting News, July 7, 2003. Accessed May 21, 2017. "Troy Vincent is walking through the Wilbur section of Trenton, N.J. He grew up in Wilbur when survival was a daily 10-round fight. It's worse now."
  393. Charlie Weis Archived March 9, 2005, at the Wayback Machine, New England Patriots. Accessed August 18, 2007.
  394. "Former All-American Cager, Werkman, Is Now Coaching", Asbury Park Press, July 22, 1973. Accessed November 9, 2017. "Nick Werkman, Seton Hall University's last All-America basketball player, is now the varsity baseball and basketball coach at Stockton State College. He was born in Trenton, where he started playing CYO basketball when he was 10 years old."
  395. Wright, T. M. The intelligent man's guide to flying saucers, p. 211. A. S. Barnes, 1968. Accessed January 5, 2015. "Finally, there is Orfeo Angelucci, an Italian immigrant raised in Trenton, New Jersey."
  396. Stout, David. "Trenton Man Faces Charges in the Slayings of 4 Women", The New York Times, August 9, 1996. Accessed December 2, 2019. "Not much was known about Mr. Balaam. The police said he had been born in Trenton, was unemployed and lived at 421 Stuyvesant Avenue, where he was arrested about 2:30 P.M."
  397. Smythe, Christie; Dolmetsch, Chris; and Larson, Erik. "Giuliani Law Partner Named Top New York Federal Prosecutor", Bloomberg News, January 4, 2018. Accessed January 7, 2018. "A native of Trenton, New Jersey, where his father was a real estate developer, Berman graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1981 and its Wharton School."
  398. King, Elspeth. "Obituary: Jude Burkhauser", The Independent, October 27, 1998. Accessed January 5, 2015. "Jude Burkhauser, artist and curator: born Trenton, New Jersey 10 September 1947; died 19 September 1998."
  399. "Biggest Yacht Built For American Woman; Mrs. R.M. Cadwalader's Craft Is 407 Feet 10 Inches Long and Displaces 5,600 Tons.", The New York Times, January 27, 1931, Accessed October 27, 2019. "Mrs. Cadwalader was formerly Miss Emily Roebling of Trenton, N. J."
  400. "The Alumni Trustees", p. 800. Princeton Alumni Weekly, Volume 1. Accessed January 8, 2015. "John Lambert Cadwalader '56 was born in Trenton, N. J., in 1836."
  401. Husted, Bill. "Husted: Independence Institute's Jon Caldara on Trump, conservatism and 'seeing the universe honestly' (Slideshow)", Denver Business Journal, January 25, 2016. Accessed August 31, 2016. "Jon Caldara, 51, is president of the Independence Institute, Denver's right-wing think tank. He spreads the word Sunday nights on KHOW – and he's happy to talk the talk over a beer at the Avenue Grill. He was born in Trenton, NJ – moved with the family to Colorado at 6."
  402. Saffron, Inga. "Bernard Cywinski, paterfamilias of Philadelphia architecture", The Philadelphia Inquirer, March 6, 2011. Accessed January 8, 2015. "To look at Mr. Cywinski, who grew up in Trenton, you would never guess he could be such a warm, gregarious personality."
  403. Kelly, Jacques. "Mathias J. DeVito, former Rouse Co. leader, dies", The Baltimore Sun, July 29, 2019. Accessed August 1, 2019. "Born in Trenton, N.J., he was the son of Charles DeVito, a paperhanger, and his wife, Margaret."
  404. Kleinberg, Eliot. "The Last Flight of Matt Duke", The Palm Beach Post, September 4, 2015, updated August 29, 2016. Accessed December 2, 2019. "Matthew Edward Duke wasn't even Matt Duke. He was born Matthew Ducko in 1915 in Trenton, N.J., one of four children of European immigrants."
  405. Kandell, Jonathan (September 29, 2017). "Can This Man Return AIG to Glory?". Institutional Investor. Retrieved June 28, 2019. A working single mother, she then took 5-month-old Brian to Trenton, New Jersey, where she had a sister and raised him.
  406. Harrington Emerson Papers, 1848–1931, Penn State University. Accessed October 19, 2013. "Emerson was born on August 2, 1853 in Trenton, New Jersey."
  407. Shultz, Alex. "Why Am I So Tired All the Time? What science says about perpetual sleepiness—and what you can do about it.", GQ, November 1, 2018. Accessed December 2, 2019. "Al Herpin of Trenton, New Jersey, died on January 3, 1947. He was 94. Herpin spent a large chunk of his adult life making a peculiar claim: that he never slept."
  408. via Associated Press. "Bishop Edward Kmiec Installed As Leader of Catholic Diocese", WBFO. Accessed December 2, 2019. "A native of Trenton, N.J., Kmiec said he was drawn to the priesthood during his days as an altar boy."
  409. Fletcher, Juliet. "There's No Place Like Home: After two years in New Hope, a Tin Man finds the heart of the gallery scene in Philly." Archived July 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Philadelphia City Paper, November 27 – December 3, 2002. Accessed March 20, 2012. "Partly why this Trenton expat moved his base of operations to Philadelphia from New York, 'where it costs four times what it does here to run a business month to month,' was to give artists – particularly those very New York or West Coast-oriented – a wider spread of support."
  410. Strausbaugh, John. "Street Art That's Finding A New Address", The New York Times, March 7, 2010. Accessed July 2, 2018. "Mr. LeVine came to the movement the same way his artists did. He grew up in Trenton and earned a degree in sculpture, but he was less attracted to fine art than he was to underground comics, punk and hip-hop, 'anything subculture and edgy.' With a loan from his parents, he opened his first small art gallery in New Hope, Pa., in 2001."
  411. Manufacturers' Association Bulletin. Manufacturers' Association of New Jersey. 1922. p. 6. Of the original partners John Astbury and Richard Millington formed in 1873 a partnership with Thomas Maddock, and with this co-partnership was born the sanitary pottery business in this country.
  412. Hein, Leonard W. "J. Lee Nicholson: pioneer cost accountant", Accounting Review (1959): 106–111. Accessed January 8, 2015. "Major Nicholson was born in Trenton, New Jersey, in 1863, but spent his early years in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania."
  413. Baldwin, Tom. "Where did Pike peak? Colo. explorer got start in New Jersey", Courier-Post, August 25, 2008. Accessed September 19, 2008. "Nineteenth century Jersey explorer Zebulon Pike was born in Lamberton, now a part of south Trenton, but gave his name to Colorado's 14,000-foot (4,300 m) Pikes Peak."
  414. Bianco, Anthony. "Joe Plumeri: The Apostle of Life Insurance", Business Week, March 30, 1998. Accessed February 12, 2014. "That would be the blue-collar precincts of North Trenton, N.J., just 15 miles from here. The cool-walking demonstration ended, Plumeri explains how he stumbled into a career on Wall Street by taking a menial job at a brokerage house that he had mistaken for a law firm."
  415. CEO Plumeri. Business Week. May 6, 2008. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
  416. Wosh, Peter J. Wosh, Covenant House: Journey of a Faith-Based Charity, pp. 13–35. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005. ISBN 9780812238310. Accessed January 17, 2018.
  417. Staff. "Frank D. Schroth, 89, Publisher Of The Brooklyn Eagle, Is Dead; Acclaimed for His Service", The New York Times, June 11, 1974. Accessed July 11, 2018. "Following the closing of The Eagle in March of 1955, after a seven‐week strike by the New York Newspaper Guild, Mr. Schroth retired and made his home in Trenton."
  418. Weber, Bruce. "Thomas N. Schroth, Influential Washington Editor, Is Dead at 88", The New York Times, August 4, 2009. Accessed March 16, 2012. "Thomas Nolan Schroth was born in Trenton on Dec. 21, 1920, the son of The Brooklyn Eagle's publisher, Frank D. Schroth."
  419. Smith, Lanny; and Capps, Linnea. "An interview with Dr. Vic Sidel", Social Medicine, Volume 7, Number 3, October 2013. Accessed February 1, 2018. "Graduates went on to Trenton Central High School, which had a class size of 3000. My main recollection of high school was graduation.... In my speech I talked about a $10,000 home, which in 1949 was an impossible dream."
  420. Staff. "GM's history of CEOs – Robert C. Stempel", Los Angeles Times. Accessed February 8, 2011. "Stempel was born July 15, 1933, in Trenton, N.J."
  421. "Thompson, Margaret E., 1911–1992", American Numismatic Society. Accessed June 12, 2018. "Margaret Thompson was born in 1911 in Trenton, New Jersey and received her bachelor of arts from Radcliffe College in 1931."
  422. Bloom, Susan. "Artist vs. tyranny Agudath Israel hosts program on Arthur Szyk, 'advocate for humanity'", New Jersey Jewish News, March 4, 2015. Accessed August 1, 2019. "Ungar: Though I’ve lived in California for many years, I grew up in Trenton and still have family in New Jersey."
  423. Hagenmayer, S. Joseph. "Episcopal Bishop Albert W. Van Duzer", The Philadelphia Inquirer, November 30, 1999. Accessed November 8, 2015. "A longtime New Jersey resident, he lived in Moorestown for five years, Medford for 10 years, Trenton for 20 years, and Merchantville for 20 years."
  424. About Ken Wolski, Ladybud. Accessed February 9, 2016. "Born in Trenton, Ken Wolski obtained a BA in Philosophy and a Masters in Public Administration (MPA) from Rutgers University."
Preceded by
Annapolis, Maryland		 Capital of the United States
of America
1784–1785		 Succeeded by
New York City
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