List of African animals extinct in the Holocene

The list of extinct animals in Africa features the animals that have become extinct on the African continent and its islands, like Madagascar, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Réunion, Seychelles, Saint Helena, Cape Verde, etc. Only extinctions of the Holocene Epoch are included.

Map of Africa

Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information.

Mammals

Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 CE)
Common name\scientific name Extinction date Range Image
Archaeoindris Before 1500 Madagascar
Archaeolemur Before 1500 Madagascar
Babakotia Before 1500 Madagascar
Atlas wild ass
Equus africanus atlanticus
300
North Africa --
Canary Islands giant rat
Canariomys bravoi and Canariomys tamarani
Before 1500 AD
Spain (Canary Islands)
Damaliscus hypsodon 10000 BC[1] East Africa
Giant aye-aye
Daubentonia robusta
1000 AD
Madagascar --
Giant fossa
Cryptoprocta spelea[2]
before 1400
Madagascar
Hadropithecus Before 1500 Madagascar
Hipposideros besaoka
The largest insectivorous bat of Madagascar
10,000 BC
Madagascar --
Koala lemur
Megaladapis sp.
1420 AD
Madagascar
Lava mouse
Malpaisomys insularis
Before 1500
Spain (Canary Islands) --
Bibymalagasy
Plesiorycteropus sp.
200 BC
Madagascar --
Malagasy hippopotamus
Hippopotamus sp.[3][4]
1000 AD
Madagascar
Megaceroides algericus

Deer with a bizarre wide, short, incredibly thick skull

4000 BC North Africa
Megalotragus sp.
Very large bovids
10,000 BC
Africa
Mesopropithecus Before 1500 Madagascar
Microgale macpheei
Type of shrew tenrec
100 AD
Madagascar --
North African elephant
Loxodonta africana pharaoensis
300 AD
North Africa
Syncerus (formerly Pelorovis) antiquus
Very large, African buffalo-like bovid
2000 BC
Africa


Recent extinctions (1500 AD to present)
Common name\scientific name Extinction date Range Image
Atlas bear
Ursus arctos crowtheri
1870s
North Africa
Aurochs
Bos primigenius[5]
Unknown (Africa),
1627(Europe)
North Africa
Bluebuck
Hippotragus leucophaeus[6]
1799 or 1800
South Africa
Bubal hartebeest
Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus[7]
1925
North Africa
Cape lion
Panthera leo melanochaitus
1876
South Africa
Cape serval
Leptailurus serval serval
Unknown
South Africa --
Cape warthog
Phacochoerus aethiopicus aethiopicus
1871
South Africa --
Kenya oribi
Ourebia ourebi kenyae[8]
Unknown
Kenya --
Large sloth lemur
Palaeopropithecus sp.[9]
1500s
Madagascar
Lesser Mascarene flying fox
Pteropus subniger[10]
1864-1873
Mauritius and France (Reunion)
Quagga
Equus quagga quagga[11]
August 12, 1883
Namibia and South Africa
Red gazelle
Eudorcas rufina[12]
1894
Algeria --
Robert's lechwe
Kobus leche robertsi[13]
Unknown
South Africa --
Western black rhinoceros
Diceros bicornis longipes[14]
1996
Cameroon


Possibly extinct
Common name\scientific name Extinction date Range Image
De Winton's golden mole
Cryptochloris wintoni[15]
1907
South Africa --
Ethiopian amphibious rat
Nilopegamys plumbeus[16]
1927
Ethiopia --
Wimmer's shrew
Crocidura wimmeri[17]
1976
Côte d'Ivoire --

Birds

Common name\scientific name Extinction date Range Image
Alaotra grebe
Tachybaptus rufolavatus
1985
Madagascar
Aldabra brush-warbler
Nesillas aldabrana
1983
Seychelles --
Ascension flightless crake
Mundia elpenor
1656?
United Kingdom (Ascension)
Ascension night heron
Nycticorax olsoni
1600s
United Kingdom (Ascension) --
Broad-billed parrot
Lophopsittacus mauritianus
1680
Mauritius
Canary Islands oystercatcher
Haematopus meadewaldoi
1940
Spain (Canary Islands)
Canary Islands quail
Coturnix gomerae
Unknown
Spain (Canary Islands) --
Delalande's coua
Coua delalandei
1834
Madagascar
Dodo
Raphus cucullatus
1662
Mauritius
Eastern Canary Islands chiffchaff
Phylloscopus canariensis exsul
1986
Spain (Canary Islands) --
Elephant bird
Aepyornis, Mullerornis sp. Vorombe titan
1600s
Madagascar
Lagrand's ground roller
Brachypteracias lagrandi
Unknown
Madagascar --
Large Saint Helena petrel
Pseudobulweria rupinarum
early 16th century
United Kingdom (Saint Helena) --
Madeiran wood pigeon
Columba palumbus maderensis
1924
Portugal (Madeira) --
Mascarene coot
Fulica newtoni
c.1700
Mauritius and France (Reunion)
Mascarene grey parakeet
Psittacula bensoni
1764
Mauritius --
Mascarene parrot
Mascarinus mascarinus
1834
France (Reunion)
Mauritian duck
Anas theodori
1690s
Mauritius and France (Reunion) --
Mauritian shelduck
Alopochen mauritianus
1690s
Mauritius and France (Reunion) --
Mauritius blue pigeon
Alectroenas nitidissimus
1830s
Mauritius
Mauritius grey parrot
Psittacula bensoni
1764
Mauritius and France (Reunion) --
Mauritius night-heron
Nycticorax mauritianus
Late 17th century
Mauritius --
Mauritius owl
Mascarenotus sauzieri
1850
Mauritius
Mauritius starling
Cryptopsar ischyrhynchus
Holocene Epoch
Mauritius --
Newton's parakeet
Psittacula exsul
c.1875
Mauritius
Red rail
Aphanapteryx bonasia
1700s
Mauritius
Réunion flightless ibis
Threskiornis solitarius
Early 18th century
France (Réunion)
Réunion gallinule
Porphyrio coerulescens
1730
France (Réunion)
Réunion kestrel
Falco duboisi
1700s
France (Reunion) --
Réunion night-heron
Nycticorax duboisi
1700s
France (Reunion) --
Réunion owl
Mascarenotus grucheti
1700s
France (Reunion) --
Réunion pigeon
Nesoenas duboisi
1705
France (Reunion) --
Réunion shelduck
Mascarenachen kervazoi
1690s
France (Reunion) --
Réunion starling
Fregilupus varius
1850s
France (Réunion)
Rodrigues night-heron
Nycticorax megacephalus
1750s
Mauritius
Rodrigues owl
Mascarenotus murivorus
1750s
Mauritius --
Rodrigues parrot
Necropsittacus rodericanus
1750s
Mauritius
Rodrigues rail
Erythromachus leguati
1750s
Mauritius
Rodrigues solitaire
Pezophaps solitaria
1778
Mauritius
Rodrigues starling
Necropsar rodericanus
1750s
Mauritius
Saint Helena crake
Porzana astrictocarpus
Early 17th century
United Kingdom (Saint Helena) --
Saint Helena cuckoo
Nannococcyx psix
late 18th century
United Kingdom (Saint Helena) --
Saint Helena dove
Dysmoropelia dekarchiskos
After 1502
United Kingdom (Saint Helena) --
Saint Helena hoopoe
Upupa antaios
Early 16th century
United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
Saint Helena rail
Porzana astrictocarpus
After 1502
United Kingdom (Saint Helena) --
Seychelles parakeet
Psittacula wardis
1886
Seychelles
Small Saint Helena petrel
Bulweria bifax
After 1502
United Kingdom (Saint Helena) --
Tristan moorhen
Gallinula nesiotis
late 19th century
United Kingdom (Tristan da Cunha)

Reptiles


Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 CE)
Common name\scientific name Extinction date Range Image
Voay robustus 100 AD
Madagascar


Recent extinctions (1500 AD to present)
Common name\scientific name Extinction date Range Image
Cape Verde giant skink
Macroscincus coctei[18]
1940
Cape Verde
Domed Mauritius giant tortoise
Cylindraspis triserrata[19]
Early 18th century
Mauritius --
Domed Rodrigues giant tortoise
Cylindraspis peltastes[20]
1800s
Mauritius
Eastwood's long-tailed seps
Tetradactylus eastwoodae[21]
1912
South Africa --
Hoffstetter's worm snake
Typhlops cariei[22]
Unknown
Mauritius --
Mauritian giant skink
Didosaurus maurtianus[23]
1650
Mauritius --
Mozambique centipede-eater
Aparallactus nigriceps
Unknown
Mozambique --
Réunion giant tortoise
Cylindraspis indica[24]
1840s
France (Reunion)
Rodrigues day gecko
Phelsuma edwardnewtoni
1917
Mauritius
Rodrigues giant day gecko
Phelsuma gigas[25]
1842
Mauritius --
Roque Chico de Salmor giant lizard
Gallotia simonyi simonyi
1930s
Spain (Canary Islands)
Round Island burrowing boa
Bolyeria multocarinata[26]
1975
Mauritius --
Saddle-backed Mauritius giant tortoise
Cylindraspis inepta[27]
Early 18th century
Mauritius --
Saddle-backed Rodrigues giant tortoise
Cylindraspis vosmaeri[28]
1800s
Mauritius

Amphibians

Common name\scientific name Extinction date Range Image
Du Toit's torrent frog
Arthroleptides dutoiti
1962
Kenya --
Osgood's Ethiopian toad
Altiphrynoides osgoodi
2003
Ethiopia --
Togo slippery frog
Conraua derooi
Unknown
Ghana and Togo --

Fish

Insects

Crustacean

Molluscs

See also

References

  1. Faith, J. Tyler; Potts, Richard; Plummer, Thomas W.; Bishop, Laura C.; Marean, Curtis W.; Tryon, Christian A. (November 2012). "New perspectives on middle Pleistocene change in the large mammal faunas of East Africa: Damaliscus hypsodon sp. nov. (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from Lainyamok, Kenya". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 361–362: 84–93. Bibcode:2012PPP...361...84F. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.08.005.
  2. Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Cryptoprocta spelea (Giant Fossa)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  3. Boisserie, J.-R. (2008). "Hippopotamus guldbergi (Madagascan Dwarf Hippopotamus, Madagascan Pygmy Hippo, Malagasy Hippo)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  4. Boisserie, J.-R. (2008). "Hippopotamus lemerlei (Madagascan Dwarf Hippopotamus, Malagasy Hippo)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  5. Tikhonov, A. (2008). "Bos primigenius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T136721A4332142. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T136721A4332142.en.
  6. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Hippotragus leucophaeus (Bluebuck, Blue Buck)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  7. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Alcelaphus buselaphus ssp. buselaphus (Bubal Hartebeest)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  8. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Ourebia ourebi ssp. kenyae (Kenya Oribi)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  9. Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Palaeopropithecus ingens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T136532A4306543. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T136532A4306543.en.
  10. Mickleburgh, S.; Hutson, A.M.; Bergmans, W. & Howell, K. (2008). "Pteropus subniger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T18761A8580195. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T18761A8580195.en.
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  21. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Tetradactylus eastwoodae (Eastwood's Longtailed Seps, Eastwood's Whip Lizard)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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