List of Ayyubid rulers

The Ayyubid dynasty ruled many parts of the Middle East and North Africa in the 12th and 13th centuries. The following is a list of Ayyubid rulers by county/province.

Sultans of Egypt

See Rulers of Islamic Egypt.

Displaced in Egypt by the Mamluk sultanate, ruled briefly by Shajar al-Durr, widow of as-Salih Ayyub, and then Aybak, 1254.

Sultans and Emirs of Damascus

See Rulers of Damascus.

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

Emirs of Aleppo

See Rulers of Aleppo.

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

Emirs of Baalbek

See Baalbek, Middle Ages.

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

Emirs of Hama

See Hama, Muslim Rule.

Formal takeover by Mamluk sultanate in 1341.

Emirs of Homs

See Homs, Seljuk, Ayyubid and Mamluk Rule.

Directly ruled by Mamluks under Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Bashqirdi, assigned by Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, from 1263.

Emirs of Hisn Kaifa

See Hisn Kaifa, Ayyubid and Mongols.

  • As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil, 1232–1239
  • Al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1239–1249
  • Muwahhid Taqiyya ad-Din Abdullah, son of al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, 1249–1294
  • Kamil Ahmad I, 1294–1325
  • Adil Mujir ad-Din Muhammad, 1325–1328
  • Adil Shahab ad-Din, 1328–1349 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Ghāzī, 1341–1367)[2]
  • Salih Abu-Bakr Khalil I, 1349–1378
  • Adil Fakhr ad-Din Sulayman I, 1378-1432 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Sulaimān, 1377–1424)[2]
  • Ashraf Sharaf ad Din, 1432–1433
  • Salih Salah ad-Din, 1433–1452
  • Kamil Ahmad II, 1452–1455
  • Adil Khalif, 1455–1462
  • [Occupation by Ak Koyunlu tribal confederation 1462–1482]
  • Salih Khalil II, 1482–1511
  • Adil Sulayman II, 1511–1514
  • Salih Khalil II (second rule), 1514–1520
  • Malik Hussayn, 1520–1521
  • Adil Sulayman II (second rule), 1521–1524.

Takeover by the Ottoman empire in 1524.

Emirs of al-Karak

Also referred to as governors of Transjordan.[3] See al-Karak, Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk Periods.

  • Saladin, 1188
  • Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1188-1193
  • Al-Mu'azzam Isa, son of al-Adil I, 1193–1227
  • An-Nasir Dawud, son of al-Mu'azzam Isa, 1229–1249
  • Al-Mughith 'Umar, son of al-Adil II, 1249–1263.

Taken by Mamluks under Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, in 1263.

Emirs of Diyar Bakr

See Diyar Bakr.

Taken by Mongols in 1260.

Emirs of Yemen and Hejaz

See Yemen, Ayyubid Conquest.

  • Turan-Shah, brother of Saladin, 1173–1181
  • Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, brother of Saladin, 1181–1197
  • Al-Mu'izz Fath ud-Din Isma'il, son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1197–1202
  • An-Nasir Muhammed ibn Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1202–1214
  • Al-Muzaffar Sulayman, son of Nur al-Din Shahanshah (brother of Saladin), 1214–1215
  • Al-Mas'ud Yusuf, son of Al-Kamil, 1215–1229.

Takeover by Rasulid dynasty of Yemen in 1129.

References
  1. Bosworth 1996, p. 70.
  2. Meinecke 1996, p. 66.
  3. Wolff, Robert L. and Hazard, H. W., A History of the Crusades: Volume Two, The Later Crusades 1187-1311, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1977, pg. 814

Sources
  • Bosworth, C.E. (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Columbia University Press, pp. 70-75.
  • Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894), "Ayyūbids", The Mohammedan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions, Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company, pp. 77–79, OCLC 1199708
  • Meinecke, Michael (1996), "3. Hasankeyf/Ḥiṣn Kaifā on the Tigris: A Regional Center on the Crossroad of Foreign Influences", Patterns of Stylistic Changes in Islamic Architecture: Local Traditions Versus Migrating Artists, New York University Press
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