List of Kīlauea eruptions

This is a list of volcanic eruptions from Kīlauea, an active shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands that is currently erupting. These eruptions have taken place from pit craters and the main caldera, as well as parasitic cones and fissures along the East and Southwest rift zones. They are generally fluid (VEI-0) Hawaiian eruptions, but more violent eruptions have occurred throughout Kīlauea's eruptive history, with the largest recorded explosive eruption having taken place in 1790.[1]

Eruptions during the Common Era

Data obtained from the Global Volcanism Program website.[1]

VEI Date Evidence Activity area or unit Eruption name
December 20, 2020 – Present Historical observations Kilauea Caldera (Halema'uma'u)
3 January 3, 1983 – September 5, 2018 (1983-01-03 2018-09-05)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone (Puʻu ʻŌʻō), Halemaʻumaʻu
0 September 25–26, 1982 (1982-09-25 1982-09-26)Historical observationsKīlauea Caldera (south-southeast of Halemaʻumaʻu)
0 April 30 – May 1, 1982 (1982-04-30 1982-05-01)Historical observationsKīlauea Caldera (northeast of Halemaʻumaʻu)
0 March 11, 1980 (1980-03-11)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone (near Mauna Ulu)
0 November 16–17, 1979 (1979-11-16 1979-11-17)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone (Pauahi Crater)
0 September 13 – October 1, 1977 (1977-09-13 1977-10-01)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone (near Kalalua Crater)
0 November 29, 1975 (1975-11-29)Historical observationsKīlauea Caldera, Halemaʻumaʻu
0 December 31, 1974 (1974-12-31)Historical observationsSouthwest Rift Zone, 1,095 m (3,593 ft)
0 September 19, 1974 (1974-09-19)Historical observationsKīlauea Caldera (Halemaʻumaʻu and to the southwest)
0 July 19–22, 1974 (1974-07-19 1974-07-22)Historical observationsKīlauea Caldera, Keanakākoʻi Crater
0 November 10 – December 9, 1973 (1973-11-10 1973-12-09)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone (Pauahi Crater)
0 May 5, 1973 (1973-05-05)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone (Pauahi and Hiʻiaka craters)
0 September 24–29, 1971 (1971-09-24 1971-09-29)Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu and upper Southwest Rift Zone
0 August 14, 1971 (1971-08-14)Historical observationsKīlauea Caldera
0 May 24, 1969 – July 22, 1974 (1969-05-24 1974-07-22)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone (Mauna Ulu), 960 m (3,150 ft)
0 February 22–28, 1969 (1969-02-22 1969-02-28)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone, 885 to 945 m (2,904 to 3,100 ft)
0 October 7–22, 1968 (1968-10-07 1968-10-22)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone, 730 to 915 m (2,395 to 3,002 ft)
0 August 22–26, 1968 (1968-08-22 1968-08-26)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone, 580 to 885 m (1,903 to 2,904 ft)
0 November 5, 1967 – July 13, 1968 (1967-11-05 1968-07-13)Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
0 December 24–25, 1965 (1965-12-24 1965-12-25)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone, 915 to 960 m (3,002 to 3,150 ft)
0 March 5–15, 1965 (1965-03-05 1965-03-15)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone, 700 to 915 m (2,297 to 3,002 ft)
0 October 5–6, 1963 (1963-10-05 1963-10-06)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone, 700 to 840 m (2,300 to 2,760 ft)
0 August 21–23, 1963 (1963-08-21 1963-08-23)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone, 825 to 960 m (2,707 to 3,150 ft)
0 December 7–9, 1962 (1962-12-07 1962-12-09)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone, 945 to 990 m (3,100 to 3,248 ft)
1 September 22–24, 1961 (1961-09-22 1961-09-24)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone, 395 to 790 m (1,296 to 2,592 ft)
1 July 10–17, 1961 (1961-07-10 1961-07-17)Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
1 March 3–25, 1961 (1961-03-03 1961-03-25)Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
1 February 24, 1961 (1961-02-24)Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
2 January 13 – February 19, 1960 (1960-01-13 1960-02-19)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone (near Kapoho Crater), 30 m (98 ft)
2 November 14 – December 19, 1959 (1959-11-14 1959-12-19)Historical observationsKīlauea Iki
0 February 28 – May 26, 1955 (1955-02-28 1955-05-26)Historical observationsLower East Rift Zone, 50 to 400 m (160 to 1,310 ft)
0 May 31 – June 3, 1954 (1954-05-31 1954-06-03)Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu and Kīlauea Caldera
0 June 27 – November 10, 1952 (1952-06-27 1952-11-10)Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
0 September 6 – October 8, 1934 (1934-09-06 1934-10-08)Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
0 December 23, 1931 – January 5, 1932 (1931-12-23 1932-01-05)Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
0 November 19 – December 7, 1930 (1930-11-19 1930-12-07)Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
0 July 25–28, 1929 (1929-07-25 1929-07-28)Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
0 February 20–21, 1929 (1929-02-20 1929-02-21)Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
0 July 7–20, 1927 (1927-07-07 1927-07-20)Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
0 July 19–29, 1924 (1924-07-19 1924-07-29)Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
2 May 10–27, 1924 (1924-05-10 1924-05-27)Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
0 August 25, 1923 (1923-08-25)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone, 915 m (3,002 ft)
0 May 28–30, 1922 (1922-05-28 1922-05-30)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone (Makaopuhi and Nāpau craters)
0 March 18–25, 1921 (1921-03-18 1921-03-25)Historical observationsKīlauea Caldera
0 December 21, 1919 – July 30, 1920 (1919-12-21 1920-07-30)Historical observationsSouthwest Rift Zone (Mauna Iki), 915 m (3,002 ft)
0 February 7 – November 28, 1919 (1919-02-07 1919-11-28)Historical observationsKīlauea Caldera
0 February 23 – March 9, 1918 (1918-02-23 1918-03-09)Historical observationsKīlauea Caldera
0 December 2, 1906 – February 1924Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
0 February 22, 1905 – April 1906Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
0 November 25, 1903 – January 10, 1904 (1903-11-25 1904-01-10)Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
0 June 3, 1902 – March 1903Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
0 February 1902Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
0 June 24–27, 1897 (1897-06-24 1897-06-27)Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
0 July 11 – September 1896Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
0 January 3–28, 1896 (1896-01-03 1896-01-28)Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
0 January 22, 1884 (1884-01-22)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone
1 April 2, 1868 (1868-04-02) (?)Historical observationsSouthwest Rift Zone, 775 m (2,543 ft)
0 May 30 – June 25, 1840 (1840-05-30 1840-06-25)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone, 230 to 950 m (750 to 3,120 ft)
0 January 14, 1832 (1832-01-14)Historical observationsEast rim of Kīlauea Caldera (Byron's Ledge)
0 August 1823 (in or before) – December 6, 1894Historical observationsHalemaʻumaʻu
0 February – July 1823Historical observationsSouthwest Rift Zone (Great Crack), 75 to 580 m (246 to 1,903 ft)
2 1820 (?)Historical observationsKīlauea Caldera
4 November 1790 (?)Historical observationsKīlauea CalderaKeanakakoi eruption
0 1790 (?)Historical observationsLower East Rift Zone, 230 to 375 m (755 to 1,230 ft)
0 1750 (?)Historical observationsEast Rift Zone (Heiheiahulu), 520 m (1,710 ft)
0 1700 ± 25 yearsMagnetismUpper East Rift Zone (Kokoolau)
0 1650 ± 50 yearsTephrochronologyKīlauea summit (Observatory vent)
1 1610 ± 50 yearsRadiocarbon (uncorrected)Lower East Rift Zone (Puʻu Honuaʻula)
0 1510 ± 50 yearsRadiocarbon (uncorrected)Lower East Rift Zone (near Kehena)
1 1500 (?)Radiocarbon (corrected)
1 1490 ± 16 yearsRadiocarbon (corrected)Kīlauea Caldera
0 1460 ± 50 yearsRadiocarbon (uncorrected)Lower East Rift Zone (near Puʻu Kaliʻu)
0 1410 (?) – 1470 (?)Radiocarbon (corrected)Kīlauea summit (ʻAilāʻau shield)ʻAilāʻau eruption
0 1340 ± 40 yearsAnthropologyUpper East Rift Zone (Kāne Nui o Hamo)
0 1140 ± 75 yearsRadiocarbon (corrected)Old Kalue flows
1 1050 ± 75 yearsRadiocarbon (uncorrected)Lower East Rift Zone (northeast of ʻĪʻīlewa Crater)
? 900 AD ± 50 yearsTephrochronologyUpper Kulanaokuaiki tephra
0 850 AD ± 150 yearsRadiocarbon (corrected)Kipuka Hornet flows
1 680 AD ± 75 yearsRadiocarbon (uncorrected)East (near Kaipu) and Southwest rift zones
? 540 AD ± 200 yearsRadiocarbon (corrected)Kulanaokuaiki 2 tephra
0 450 AD (in or before)MagnetismLower East Rift Zone
? 420 AD ± 20 yearsTephrochronologyKulanaokuaiki 1 tephra
0 150 AD ± 300 yearsMagnetismKīlauea summit (Powers Caldera)

Eruptions Before the Common Era

Data obtained from the Global Volcanism Program website.[1]

VEI Date Evidence Activity area or unit
? 50 BCE ± 150 yearsRadiocarbon (corrected)Pre-Kulanaokuaiki tephra
0 200 BCE ± 150 yearsRadiocarbon (corrected)Kīlauea summit, East and Southwest rift zones
0 270 BCE ± 75 yearsRadiocarbon (corrected)Kipuka Nene flows
0 410 BCE ± 100 yearsRadiocarbon (uncorrected)East Rift Zone
0 800 BCE (?)Radiocarbon (corrected)
0 1550 BCE (?)Radiocarbon (uncorrected)Southwest Rift Zone
0 1650 BCE (?)Radiocarbon (uncorrected)Southwest Rift Zone
0 2080 BCE (?)Radiocarbon (corrected)
? 2200 BCE ± 500 yearsTephrochronology
0 2850 BCE (?)Radiocarbon (uncorrected)Southwest Rift Zone
0 3300 BCE (?)Radiocarbon (corrected)
0 4650 BCE (?)Radiocarbon (uncorrected)Southwest Rift Zone

References

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