List of attacks on legislatures

The following is a list of attacks on state or national legislatures:

Attack Date Country Details
Gunpowder Plot 5 November 1605  Great Britain Failed assassination attempt against King James I by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby.
Storming of the Venezuelan National Congress 24 January 1848  Venezuela Brawl at the headquarters of the Venezuelan Congress in Caracas between the Conservatives and Liberals, which had led almost two decades of continuous clashes.[1][2]
French demonstration of 15 May 1848 15 May 1848  France Intended to reverse the results of a Second-Republic election of deputies to the Constituent Assembly.
Reichstag fire 27 February 1933  Weimar Republic Arson attack on the Reichstag building, home of the German parliament in Berlin. The day after the fire, the Reichstag Fire Decree was passed. The Nazi Party used the fire as a pretext to claim that communists were plotting against the German government, which made the fire pivotal in the establishment of Nazi Germany.
1954 United States Capitol shooting 1 March 1954  United States Four Puerto Rican nationalists wanting Puerto Rico's independence shot 30 rounds from semi-automatic pistols from the Ladies' Gallery (a balcony for visitors) of the House of Representatives chamber in the United States Capitol.
Parliament of Canada failed bomb plot 18 May 1966  Canada Paul Joseph Chartier died when a bomb he was preparing exploded in a washroom of the Parliament of Canada. It is believed that he was preparing to bomb the House of Commons.
United States Capital is bombed 1 March 1971  United States The Weather Underground set off a bomb in the United States Capitol causing an estimated $300,000 in damage.[3]
1974 Houses of Parliament bombing 17 June 1974  United Kingdom The Provisional IRA bombed the British Houses of Parliament, causing extensive damage and injuring eleven people.[4][5][6]
Assassination of Airey Neave 30 March 1979  United Kingdom Airey Neave, British Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, was assassinated by the Irish National Liberation Army with a bomb fixed under his car. The bomb detonated in the car park of the Palace of Westminster in London and mortally wounded Neave, who died shortly after being admitted to hospital.[7]
1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt 27 February 1981  Spain Attempted coup d'état in Spain. Lieutenant-Colonel Antonio Tejero led 200 armed Civil Guard officers into the Congress of Deputies during the vote to elect a President of the Government. The officers held the parliamentarians and ministers hostage for 18 hours, during which time King Juan Carlos I denounced the coup in a televised address, calling for rule of law and the democratic government to continue. Though shots were fired, the hostage-takers surrendered the next morning without killing anyone.
1983 United States Senate bombing 7 November 1983  United States Bomb explosion at the United States Senate motivated by United States military involvement in Lebanon and Grenada.
National Assembly of Quebec shooting 8 May 1984  Canada Denis Lortie, a former Canadian Forces corporal, stormed into the National Assembly of Quebec building and opened fire with several firearms, killing three Quebec government employees and wounding 13 others.
1987 grenade attack in the Sri Lankan Parliament 18 August 1987  Sri Lanka An assailant hurled two grenades into a room where Members of Parliament were meeting. The grenades bounced off the table at which Sri Lankan President J. R. Jayawardene and Prime Minister Ranasinghe Premadasa were sitting, and rolled away. A Member of Parliament and a ministry secretary were killed by the explosions. The attacks are attributed to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna, a Sinhalese Nationalist militant organization.
1993 Russian constitutional crisis 4 October 1993  Russia Political stand-off between the Russian president Boris Yeltsin and the Russian parliament that was resolved by military force. The relations between the president and the parliament had been deteriorating for some time. The power struggle reached its crisis on 21 September 1993, when President Yeltsin intended to dissolve the country's highest body (Congress of People's Deputies) and parliament (Supreme Soviet). On 3 October, demonstrators removed police cordons around the parliament and, urged by their leaders, took over the Mayor's offices and tried to storm the Ostankino television centre. The army, which had initially declared its neutrality, stormed the Supreme Soviet building in the early morning hours of 4 October by Yeltsin's order, and arrested the leaders of the resistance.[8][9]
1998 United States Capitol shooting 24 July 1998  United States Attack that led to the deaths of two United States Capitol Police officers. Officer Jacob Chestnut and Detective John Gibson were killed when Russell Eugene Weston Jr., entered the Capitol and opened fire.[10] Weston's exact motives are unknown, but he had expressed a strong distrust of the federal government of the United States.[11] As of July 2018,[12] Weston, diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, remained in a mental institution.[13][14]
Armenian parliament shooting 27 October 1999  Armenia Attack on the Armenian National Assembly in the capital of Yerevan by a group of five armed men led by Nairi Hunanyan that, among others, killed the two de facto decision-makers in the country's political leadership—Prime Minister Vazgen Sargsyan and Parliament Speaker Karen Demirchyan.
Zug massacre 27 September 2001   Switzerland Friedrich Leibacher shot dead 14 people in the city of Zug in the canton's parliament before killing himself.[15]
2001 Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly car bombing 1 October 2001  India* Three militants belonging to Jaish-e-Mohammed carried out an attack on the Jammu and Kashmir State Legislative Assembly complex in Srinagar using a Tata Sumo loaded with explosives, ramming it into the main gate with three fidayeen suicide bombers.[16][17] 38 people and three fidayeen were killed in this attack.[18]
2001 Indian Parliament attack 13 December 2001  India Attack on the Parliament of India in New Delhi, India on 13 December 2001. The perpetrators belonged to Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM).[19] The attack led to the deaths of a total of 10 and led to increased tensions between India and Pakistan, resulting in the 2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff. The five assailants were killed outside the parliament.
2001 Odisha Assembly attack 16 December 2001  India High-profile attack by Bajrang Dal, Vishwa Hindu Parishad and Durga Vahini.
2007 Iraqi Parliament bombing 12 April 2007  Iraq The canteen of the Council of Representatives of Iraq building was attacked by a suicide bomber, killing one to eight people and wounding 23 others.
Batasang Pambansa bombing 13 November 2007  Philippines Bombing that occurred at the Batasang Pambansa Complex (National Assembly Complex) in Quezon City. The blast killed Congressman Wahab Akbar and Marcial Taldo, a staff member of Congresswoman Luzviminda Ilagan, and wounded Ilagan, Congressman Pryde Henry Teves, and two others.[20]
2010 Chechen Parliament attack 19 October 2010  Russia Three Chechen militants attacked the parliament complex in Grozny, the capital of the Chechen Republic, a federal subject of Russia.[21] At least six people were killed, including two police officers, one parliament employee and all three suicide commandos.[22]
2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa 22 October 2014  Canada Series of shootings at Parliament Hill in Ottawa. At the Canadian National War Memorial, Corporal Nathan Cirillo, a Canadian soldier and reservist on ceremonial sentry duty was fatally shot by Michael Zehaf-Bibeau. Zehaf-Bibeau then entered the nearby Centre Block parliament building, where members of the Parliament of Canada were attending caucuses. After wrestling with a constable at the entrance, Zehaf-Bibeau ran inside and had a shootout with parliament security personnel. He was shot 31 times by six officers and died on scene.[23][24][25]
2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt 16 July 2016  Turkey Many government buildings, including the Turkish Parliament and the Presidential Palace, were bombed from the air.[26][27]
2017 Westminster attack 22 March 2017  United Kingdom Terrorist attack took place outside the Palace of Westminster in London, seat of the British Parliament. The attacker drove a car into pedestrians on the pavement along the south side of Westminster Bridge and Bridge Street, injuring more than 50 people, four of them fatally. He then crashed the car into the perimeter fence of the palace grounds and ran into New Palace Yard, where he fatally stabbed an unarmed police officer. He was then shot by an armed police officer, and died at the scene.
2017 storming of Macedonian Parliament 27 April 2017  North Macedonia About 200 Macedonian nationalists stormed the Macedonian Parliament in reaction to the election of Talat Xhaferi, an ethnic Albanian, as speaker of the Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia.[28]
2017 Tehran attacks 7 June 2017  Iran Series of two simultaneous terrorist attacks carried out by five terrorists belonging to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) against the Iranian Parliament building and the Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini, both in Tehran, leaving 17 civilians dead and 43 wounded.[29][30][31]
2017 Venezuelan National Assembly attack 5 July 2017  Venezuela Colectivos and supporters of President Nicolás Maduro stormed the Palacio Federal Legislativo on the Independence Day of Venezuela, assaulting many members of the opposition-led National Assembly.[32] At least 12 opposition legislators and their staff were injured as a result of the attack.[33]
Storming of the Legislative Council Complex 1 July 2019  Hong Kong Siege, break-in, and subsequent occupation of the Legislative Council Complex in Hong Kong by anti-government activists during the campaign to halt the enactment of the Fugitive Offenders amendment bill. Hundreds of protesters broke through the glass walls and metal doors and entered the building, ransacked and vandalised the interior with anti-government and anti-PRC slogans. It is considered a watershed event in the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests.[34] Nine days later, on 9 July, the Chief Executive, Carrie Lam, announced that the extradition bill was "dead".[35]
2020 Salvadoran political crisis 9 February 2020  El Salvador Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele ordered 1,400 Salvadoran soldiers from the Salvadoran Army to enter the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador to coerce the approval of a loan request of 109 million dollars from the United States for Bukele's security plan.[36]
2021 storming of the United States Capitol 6 January 2021  United States Riot and violent attack against the United States Congress on January 6, 2021, carried out by a mob of supporters of U.S. President Donald Trump in an attempt to overturn his defeat in the 2020 presidential election.[37] After attending a Trump rally, thousands[38] of his supporters marched down Pennsylvania Avenue to the Capitol, where a joint session of Congress was beginning the Electoral College vote count. Many of the crowd breached police perimeters and stormed the building in an attempt to prevent the formalization of President-elect Joe Biden's election victory.[39][40] These rioters occupied, vandalized,[41][42] and looted[43] parts of the building for several hours.[44][45][46] The riot led to the evacuation and lockdown of the Capitol, and five deaths.

See also

References
  1. "Atentado al Congreso de 1848".
  2. "Tal día como hoy en 1848 se produjo el asalto al Congreso Nacional".
  3. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/bomb-explodes-in-capitol-building
  4. Melaugh, Dr Martin. "CAIN: Chronology of the Conflict 1974".
  5. "BBC ON THIS DAY - 17 - 1974: IRA bombs parliament". BBC News.
  6. Finn, Christina. "On this day in 1974 the IRA bombed the Houses of Parliament in London". TheJournal.ie.
  7. "1979: Car bomb kills Airey Neave". 30 March 1979 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
  8. "Remembering Russia's civil siege". Retrieved 2003-03-10.
  9. "Putin is part of a continuum that stretches back to the tsars". Retrieved 2017-04-04.
  10. "2 dead, 2 hurt in U.S. Capitol shooting". CNN.com. Archived from the original on October 29, 2006. Retrieved January 19, 2007.
  11. Marion, Nancy E.; Oliver, Willard (2014). Killing Congress: Assassinations, Attempted Assassinations and Other Violence against Members of Congress. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-8360-1.
  12. Remembering the ’98 Capitol shooting (Photos) WTOP-FM
  13. Yehle, Emily (May 7, 2008). "Weston unlikely to ever be tried". Roll Call. Washington, D.C.: Roll Call, Inc. pp. 1, 16.
  14. "Capitol shooting suspect was 'low-level threat' to Clinton". CNN.com. Archived from the original on September 13, 2005. Retrieved January 11, 2007.
  15. "Gunman kills 14 in Swiss assembly". BBC News. 27 September 2001. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
  16. Terror unleashes on J&K State Legislative Assembly
  17. Fidayeen storm J&K House, kill 29, The Tribune, 2001-10-02
  18. AN AUDACIOUS STRIKE Archived 7 December 2004 at the Wayback Machine, Frontline (magazine), 2001-10-13
  19. "Terrorist Attack on the Parliament of India". Embassy of India – Washington DC. 18 December 2001. Archived from the original on 11 June 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  20. Speaker says House blast that killed driver a bomb
  21. "Terrorists launch deadly attack on Chechen parliament (Update 1)". RIA Novosti. 19 October 2010.
  22. "Six dead in attack on Chechen parliament – Kadyrov". RIA Novosti. 19 October 2010.
  23. ctvnews.ca: "Garbled radio call delayed police response to Parliament Hill attacker: RCMP" Archived 2015-06-04 at the Wayback Machine, 3 Jun 2015
  24. Independent Investigation Into the Death of Michael Zehaf-Bibeau (PDF) (Report). Royal Canadian Mounted Police. 22 October 2014. ISBN 978-0-660-02415-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 June 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  25. parl.gc.ca: "October 22, 2014 House of Commons Incident Response Summary" Archived September 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, 3 Jun 2015
  26. FOX HABER [@FOXhaber] (15 July 2016). "Ankara'da TBMM yine ateş altında.. TMMM'ne yine hava saldırısı oldu. Gelişmeler canlı yayınla FOX Haber'de" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  27. Ömer Çelik [@omerrcelik] (15 July 2016). "Bugün YÜCE MECLİS'e saldıranlar hainlere ders verme günüdür." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  28. "Macedonia: protesters storm parliament and attack MPs". theguardian.com. The Guardian. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
  29. "Islamic State claims attacks on Iran parliament, shrine". Associated Press. 7 June 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  30. Erdbrink, Thomas. "Islamic State Claims Deadly Iran Attacks on Parliament and Khomeini Tomb". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 June 2017."Iran shootings: Parliament and shrine attacked". BBC. 7 June 2017.
  31. "Shootings reported at Iranian parliament and Khomeini shrine". The Guardian. France-Presse Agence. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  32. "Colectivos irrumpieron y atacaron a diputados en la Asamblea Nacional". El Nacional (in Spanish). 5 July 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  33. "Colectivos chavistas atacan Asamblea Nacional de Venezuela; al menos 12 heridos". El Nuevo Herald (in Spanish). 5 July 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
  34. "'Three arrested' ahead of National Day over storming of Hong Kong's legislature". South China Morning Post. 30 September 2019. Archived from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  35. Chan, Jacky Man-hei; Pang, Jun (10 July 2019). "The untold story of Hong Kong's protests is how one simple slogan connects us". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  36. "Crisis en El Salvador: cuáles son los motivos de la fuerte tensión entre el presidente Nayib Bukele y el Congreso". 10 February 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  37. Reeves, Jay; Mascaro, Lisa; Woodward, Calvin (January 11, 2021). "Capitol assault a more sinister attack than first appeared". Associated Press. Retrieved January 12, 2021. Under battle flags bearing Donald Trump's name, the Capitol's attackers pinned a bloodied police officer in a doorway, his twisted face and screams captured on video. They mortally wounded another officer with a blunt weapon and body-slammed a third over a railing into the crowd. 'Hang Mike Pence!' the insurrectionists chanted as they pressed inside, beating police with pipes. They demanded House Speaker Nancy Pelosi's whereabouts, too. They hunted any and all lawmakers: 'Where are they?' Outside, makeshift gallows stood, complete with sturdy wooden steps and the noose. Guns and pipe bombs had been stashed in the vicinity. ... The mob got stirring encouragement from Trump and more explicit marching orders from the president's men. 'Fight like hell,' Trump exhorted his partisans at the staging rally. 'Let's have trial by combat,' implored his lawyer, Rudy Giuliani, whose attempt to throw out election results in trial by courtroom failed. It's time to 'start taking down names and kicking ass,' said Republican Rep. Mo Brooks of Alabama. Criminals pardoned by Trump, among them Roger Stone and Michael Flynn, came forward at rallies on the eve of the attack to tell the crowds they were fighting a battle between good and evil.
  38. Doig, Steve (January 8, 2021). "It is difficult, if not impossible, to estimate the size of the crowd". The Conversation.
  39. Leonnig, Carol D.; Davis, Aaron C.; Hermann, Peter; Demirjian, Karoun (January 10, 2021). "Outgoing Capitol Police chief: House, Senate security officials hamstrung efforts to call in National Guard". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  40. Barrett, Ted; Raju, Manu; Nickeas, Peter. "Pro-Trump mob storms US Capitol as armed standoff takes place outside House chamber". CNN. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  41. "Trump supporters storm Capitol; DC National Guard activated; woman fatally shot". The Washington Post. January 7, 2021.
  42. Pallini, Thomas (January 7, 2021). "Photos show the aftermath of an unprecedented and destructive siege on the US Capitol that left 4 rioters dead". Business Insider.
  43. Daly, Matthew; Balsamo, Michael (January 8, 2021). "Deadly siege focuses attention on Capitol Police". Associated Press. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  44. Landale, James (January 7, 2021). "Capitol siege: Trump's words 'directly led' to violence, Patel says". BBC News. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  45. Dozier, Kimberly; Bergengruen, Vera (January 6, 2021). "Incited by the President, Trump Supporters Violently Storm the Capitol". Time. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  46. "This is what Trump told supporters before many stormed Capitol Hill". ABC News. Retrieved January 10, 2021. We have come to demand that Congress do the right thing and only count the electors who have been lawfully slated. Lawfully slated. I know that everyone here will soon be marching over to the Capitol building to peacefully and patriotically make your voices heard. Today, we will see whether Republicans stand strong for integrity of our elections. But whether or not they stand strong for our country, our country. Our country has been under siege for a long time. Far longer than this four year period.
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