List of companies founded by Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni

This is a list of companies founded by Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni, including attendees who enrolled in degree-programs at MIT but did not eventually graduate. This list is not exhaustive, as it only includes notable companies of which the founding and development history is well recorded by reliable sources. In particular, subsidiaries are listed with their owners in parentheses.

MIT is one of the leading universities worldwide in attracting funding for start-up companies, and its alumni have founded numerous companies.[1][2][3][4] According to PitchBook, from 2006 to 2017, MIT produced 907 company founders as alumni or current students, creating 780 companies, third most among all universities in the world.[5][6] In addition, according to a report of MIT Sloan School of Management in 2015, some 30,000 companies founded by MIT alumni were active, employing 4.6 million people and producing annual revenues of $1.9 trillion, roughly equivalent to the 10th-largest economy in the world (2014).[1][7] Approximately 40% of MIT founders are serial entrepreneurs, starting multiple companies, and 23% of MIT alumni's new companies are founded outside the United States.[1]

In this list, founders of a company which merged with other companies to form a new company are counted as founders of the new company. However, founders of a company which later dissolved into several successor companies are not counted as founders of those successor companies; this same rule applies to spin-off companies. Finally, a defunct company is a company that stopped functioning completely (e.g., bankrupt) without dissolving, merging or being acquired.

Top companies by revenues

Fortune Global 500 (2017)

This list shows companies in Fortune Global 500 founded or co-founded by MIT alumni. The cut-off revenue for 2017 Fortune Global 500 companies is $21,609M in 2016.[8]

Company Region Fortune Global 500

(2017)[8]

Revenue in US$ millions

(2016)[8]

Type Category Year founded Comments
Koch Industries* United States 54 100,000 Private Conglomerate 1940 Equivalently[9]
1 Boeing** United States 60 94,571 Public Aerospace 1921 (Douglas Aircraft Company)

1939 (McDonnell Aircraft)

2 Intel United States 144 59,387 Public Semiconductor 1968
3 HP Inc. United States 194 48,238 Public Technology 1939
4 TSMC Taiwan 369 29,388 Public Semiconductor 1987
5 Raytheon United States 449 24,069 Public Weapons/defense 1922
6 Qualcomm United States 460 23,554 Public Technology 1985

*: Koch Industries is not listed in Fortune Global 500. Its revenue is provided by Forbes.

**: Merger of different companies, at least one of which was founded by MIT alumni.

Fortune 1000 (2017)

This list shows companies in Fortune 1000 (only for companies within the U.S.) founded or co-founded by MIT alumni. The cut-off revenue for 2017 Fortune 1000 companies is $1,791M in 2016.[10]

Company Fortune 1000

(2017)[10]

Revenue in US$ millions

(2016)[10]

Type Category Year founded Comments
Koch Industries* 23 100,000 Private Conglomerate 1940 Equivalently[9]
1 Boeing** 24 94,571 Public Aerospace 1921 (Douglas Aircraft Company)

1939 (McDonnell Aircraft)

2 Intel 47 59,387 Public Semiconductor 1968
3 HP Inc. 61 48,238 Public Technology 1939
4 Raytheon 116 24,069 Public Weapons/defense 1922
5 Qualcomm 119 23,554 Public Technology 1985
6 Thermo Fisher Scientific** 154 18,274 Public Technology 1956 (Thermo Electron)
7 Texas Instruments 206 13,370 Public Semiconductor 1930
8 BlackRock 255 11,155 Public Investment Management 1988
9 Lam Research 440 5,886 Public Semiconductor 1980
10 Blackstone Group 503 5,126 Public Financial services 1985
Bose Corporation* 608 3,800 Private Electronics/technology 1964 Equivalently[9]
11 Analog Devices 660 3,421 Public Semiconductor 1965
12 Gartner (Group), Inc. 821 2,445 Public IT journalism 1979
13 Cabot Corporation 829 2,411 Public Chemicals 1882
14 Akamai Technologies 851 2,340 Public Internet/technology 1998
15 E-Trade 930 2,026 Public Finance 1982

*: Koch Industries and Bose Corporation are not listed in Fortune 1000. Their revenues are given by Forbes.

**: Merger of different companies, at least one of which was founded by MIT alumni.

Former Fortune-listed companies

For each company, only the latest rankings (up to three years) are shown in this list.

Company Fortune Global 500 Fortune 1000 Type Category Year founded
1 Digital Equipment Corporation 331 (1998) 275 (1997) 279 (1996)[11] 118 (1998) 78 (1997) 77 (1996)[12] Acquired Computer hardware 1957
2 EMC 436 (2016) 487 (2015)[13] - 113 (2016) 121 (2015) 128 (2014)[14] Acquired Computer hardware 1979
3 Gillette 491 (2000) 442 (1999) 454 (1998)[11] 215 (2005) 215 (2004) 218 (2003)[15] Acquired Consumer products 1901
4 Apollo Computer - - - 423 (1989) 454 (1988)[16] - Acquired Hardware 1980
International Data Group* - - - 613 (2016)*[17][18] - - Acquired Media/technology 1964
5 Teradyne - - - 824 (2005) 921 (2004) 941 (2003)[19] Public Electronics 1960
6 3Com - - - 827 (2003) 596 (2002) 294 (2000)[20] Acquired Technology 1979
7 LinkedIn - - - 945 (2015)[21] - - Acquired Social media 2002
8 Fairchild Semiconductor - - - 984 (2008) 963 (2007) 886 (2005)[22] Acquired Semiconductor 1957

*: "International Data Group" is not listed in Fortune 1000. Its revenue ($3,800M, 2015) is given by Forbes, making it equivalent to the 613th position in Fortune 1000 (2016).

Timeline

Index

This index also contains companies listed in section "Notable defunct & dissolved".

Year Companies founded
2012 Coursera Onshape
2009 Ginkgo Bioworks Ksplice
2008 Clover Food Lab
2007 Dropbox
2006 Buzzfeed HubSpot Khan Academy
2005 Eye-Fi HuffPost
2004 FireEye Grubhub
2003 Kiva Systems
2002 Coverity LinkedIn PhillyCarShare

(Enterprise CarShare)

2001 OkCupid Two Sigma
2000 Zipcar
1999 Cambridge Innovation Center Coatue Management SparkNotes
1998 Akamai Technologies VMware
1997 E Ink
1996 Alexa Internet Inktomi Internet Archive ITA Software Kurzweil Educational Systems PlanetAll
Sohu
1995 Constant Contact Harmonix
1994 Infoseek Vermeer Technologies
1993 SolidWorks
1992 Boston Dynamics Macsyma, Inc. Wildfire Communications
1991 Art Technology Group
1990 Electronic Frontier Foundation iRobot
1988 BlackRock Cambridge SoundWorks
1987 Avid TSMC
1986 Frame Technology Corp.
1985 Blackstone Group Computervision Free Software Foundation Qualcomm
1983 Encore Computer Thinking Machines Corporation
1982 E*Trade Kurzweil Music Systems Lotus Development Corporation Renaissance Technologies
1980 Apollo Computer Lam Research Stellar Computer

(Stardent Inc.)

1979 3Com EMC Gartner (Group), Inc. Infocom Lisp Machines Software Arts
1978 InterSystems Personal Software/Visicorp

(Paladin Software)

1976 Genentech
1972 Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers Prime Computer
1969 Applicon SofTech
1968 Evans & Sutherland Intel
1967 Advent Corporation Analogic Corporation Psychology Today
1965 Analog Devices Boston Phoenix

(Boston After Dark)

1964 Bose Corporation International Data Group
1960 Teradyne
1957 Digital Equipment Corporation Fairchild Semiconductor KLH Adage, Inc.
1956 Thermo Electron

(Thermo Fisher Scientific)

1954 Acoustic Research
1940 Koch Industries
1939 HP Inc.

(Hewlett-Packard)

McDonnell Aircraft

(Boeing)

1932 Draper Laboratory
1930 Texas Instruments
1926 Sprague Electric
1922 Raytheon
1921 Douglas Aircraft Company

(Boeing)

1901 Gillette
1889 Stone & Webster
1886 Arthur D. Little Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge
1882 Cabot Corporation
1877 Samuel Cabot Incorporated

2000–present

Company Type Stock Category Year founded Total founders Founder/co-founder from MIT
Buzzfeed Private Online media 2006 2[23]
  1. Co-founder Jonah Peretti (M.S)[23]
Clover Food Lab Private Restaurant 2008 1[24][25]
  1. Ayr Muir (B.S, M.S)[25]
Coursera Private Education/technology 2012 2[26]
  1. Co-founder Andrew Ng (M.S)[27]
Coverity (NASDQ: SNPS) Security/technology 2002 3[28]
  1. Co-founder Dawson Engler (PhD)[29]
Dropbox Private Web service 2007 2[30]
  1. Drew Houston (B.S)[31]
  2. Arash Ferdowsi (undergraduate attendee)[32]
Eye-Fi Private Computer hardware 2005 4[33]
  1. Co-founder Yuval Koren (B.S)[34]
FireEye Public NASDAQ: FEYE Security/technology 2004 1[35]
  1. Ashar Aziz (B.S)[36]
Ginkgo Bioworks Private Biotechnology 2009 5[37]
  1. Jason Kelly (B.S, PhD)[38]
  2. Reshma Shetty (PhD)
  3. Barry Canton (PhD)
  4. Austin Che (PhD)[39]
  5. Tom Knight (B.S, M.S, PhD)
Grubhub Public NYSE: GRUB Delivery services 2004 2[40]
  1. Co-founder Michael Evans (B.S, M.S)[41]
HubSpot Public NYSE: HUBS Software 2006 2[42][43]
  1. Brian Halligan (M.B.A)[42]
  2. Dharmesh Shah (M.S)[43]
HuffPost Private Online media 2005 4[44]
  1. Co-founder Jonah Peretti (M.S)[45]
Khan Academy Non-profit Education 2006 1[46]
  1. Sal Khan (B.S, M.S)[47]
Kiva Systems (NASDAQ: AMZN) Technology 2003 3[48]
  1. Co-founder Mick Mountz (B.S)[49]
  2. Co-founder Pete Wurman (B.S)[50]
LinkedIn (NASDAQ: MSFT) Social media 2002 5[51]
  1. Co-founder Eric Ly (M.S)[52]
OkCupid (NASDAQ: IAC) Dating service 2001[53] 4[54]
  1. Co-founder Max Krohn (PhD)[55]
Onshape Private Software 2012 6[56]
  1. Co-founder Jon Hirschtick (B.S, M.S)[57]
  2. Co-founder Michael Lauer (PhD)[56]
PhillyCarShare

/Enterprise CarShare

(Enterprise Holdings) Car sharing 2002 5[58]
  1. Co-founder Clayton Lane (M.S)[59]
Two Sigma Private Finance 2001 3[60]
  1. Co-founder David Siegel (PhD)[60][61]
Zipcar (NASDAQ: CAR) Car rental 2000 2[62]
  1. Co-founder Robin Chase (M.B.A)[63]

1980–1999

Company Type Stock Category Year founded Total founders Founder/co-founder from MIT
Akamai Technologies Public NASDAQ: AKAM Internet/technology 1998 4[64]
  1. Co-founder Tom Leighton (PhD)[65]
  2. Co-founder Daniel Lewin (M.S)[66]
  3. Co-founder Jonathan Seelig (M.B.A Attendee)[64]
Alexa Internet (NASDAQ: AMZN) Web analytics 1996 2[67]
  1. Brewster Kahle (B.S)[68]
  2. Bruce Gilliat (Unknown)[69]
Apollo Computer (NYSE: HPQ) Hardware 1980 1[70]
  1. William Poduska (B.S, M.S, Sc.D)[71]
Art Technology Group (NYSE: ORCL) Computer software 1991 2[72]
  1. Jeet Singh (B.S)[73]
  2. Joseph T. Chung (B.S, M.S)[74]
Avid Public NASDAQ: AVID Computer software 1987 1[75]
  1. William J. Warner (B.S)[76]
BlackRock Public NYSE: BLK Investment management 1988 8[77]
  1. Co-founder Ben Golub (B.S, M.S, PhD)[78]
Blackstone Group Public NYSE: BX Financial services 1985 2[79]
  1. Co-founder Peter Peterson (undergraduate attendee)[80]
Cambridge Innovation Center Private Real estate 1999 2[81]
  1. Timothy Rowe (M.B.A)[82]
  2. Andrew Olmsted (M.B.A)[83]
Cambridge SoundWorks Private Electronics 1988 2[84]
  1. Co-founder Henry Kloss (undergraduate attendee)[84][85]
Coatue Management Private Hedge fund 1999 1[86]
  1. Philippe P. Laffont (B.S, M.S)[86]
Computervision (NASDAQ: PTC) Software 1985 2[87]
  1. Co-founder Philippe Villers (M.S)[88]
Constant Contact (NASDAQ: EIGI) Web services 1995 1[89][90]
  1. Randy Parker (B.S)[89]
E Ink Private Technology 1997 5[91]
  1. Co-founder J.D. Albert (B.S)[92]
  2. Co-founder Barrett Comiskey (B.S)[92]
  3. Co-founder Joseph Jacobson (PhD)[92]
E*Trade Public NASDAQ: ETFC Finance 1982 2[93]
  1. Co-founder William A. Porter (M.B.A)[94]
Electronic Frontier Foundation Non-profit Civic 1990 3[95]
  1. Co-founder Mitch Kapor (M.B.A. Attendee)[96]
Encore Computer (COMPRO Computer Services) Parallel computing 1983 3[97]
  1. Co-founder Gordon Bell (B.S, M.S)[98]
Frame Technology Corp. (NASDAQ: ADBE) Computer software 1986 1[99]
  1. Steve Kirsch (B.S, M.S)[100]
Free Software Foundation Non-profit Computer software 1985 1[101]
  1. Richard Stallman (Graduate Attendee)[101]
Harmonix Private Video game 1995 2[102]
  1. Alex Rigopulos (B.S., M.S)[102]
  2. Eran Egozy (B.S, M.S)[103]
Infoseek (NYSE: DIS) Web search 1994 1[104]
  1. Steve Kirsch (B.S, M.S)[100]
Inktomi (NASDAQ: YHOO) Software 1996 2[105]
  1. Co-founder Eric Brewer (M.S, PhD)[106]
Internet Archive Non-profit Digital library 1996 1[107]
  1. Brewster Kahle (B.S)[108]
iRobot Public NASDAQ: IRBT Technology 1990 3[109]
  1. Co-founder Colin Angle (B.S, M.S)[110]
  2. Co-founder Helen Greiner (B.S, M.S)[111]
ITA Software (NASDAQ: GOOG) Software 1996 3[112]
  1. Jeremy Wertheimer (PhD)[113]
  2. Carl de Marcken (B.S, PhD)[114]
  3. Dave Baggett (M.S)[115]
Kurzweil Music Systems (KRX: 012630) Musical hardware 1982 2[116]
  1. Co-founder Raymond Kurzweil (B.S)[116]
Kurzweil Educational Systems (NASDAQ: ABCD) Software 1996 1[117]
  1. Raymond Kurzweil (B.S)[116]
Lam Research Public NASDAQ: LRCX Semiconductor 1980 1[118]
  1. David K. Lam (M.S, ScD)[119]
Lotus Development Corporation (NYSE: IBM) Software 1982 2[120]
  1. Mitch Kapor (M.B.A Attendee)[121]
  2. Jonathan Sachs (B.S)[122]
Macsyma, Inc. (Symbolics) Software 1992 2[123]
  1. Co-founder Richard Petti (B.S)[124]
Qualcomm Public NASDAQ: QCOM Technology 1985 7[125]
  1. Co-founder Irwin M. Jacobs (M.S, PhD)[126]
  2. Co-founder Andrew Viterbi (B.S, M.S)[127]
  3. Co-founder Andrew Cohen (PhD)[128][129]
Renaissance Technologies Private Finance 1982 1[130]
  1. James Simons (PhD)[130]
Sohu Public NASDAQ: SOHU Online services 1996 1[131]
  1. Charles Zhang (PhD)[132]
SolidWorks (Euronext: DSY) Software 1993 2[133]
  1. Co-founder Jon Hirschtick (B.S, M.S)[57]
SparkNotes (NYSE: BKS) Publisher 1999 4[134][135]
  1. Co-founder Max Krohn (PhD)[136]
TSMC Public NYSE: TSM Semiconductor 1987 1[137]
  1. Morris Chang (B.S, M.S)[137]
Vermeer Technologies (NASDQ: MSFT) Software 1994 2[138]
  1. Charles Ferguson (PhD)[138]
  2. Randy Forgaard (B.S, M.S)[139]
VMware Public NYSE: VMW Technology 1998 5[140][141]
  1. Co-founder Diane Greene (M.S)[142]
Wildfire Communications (Euronext: ORA) Technology 1992 4[143]
  1. Co-founder William J. Warner (B.S)[76]

1960–1979

Company Type Stock Category Year founded Total founders Founder/co-founder from MIT
3Com (NYSE: HPE) Technology 1979 4[144]
  1. Co-founder Robert Metcalfe (B.S)[145]
  2. Co-founder Howard Charney (B.S, M.S)[146]
  3. Co-founder Greg Shaw (B.S)[147]
Analog Devices Public NASDAQ: ADI Semiconductor 1965 2[148]
  1. Ray Stata (B.S, M.S)[149]
  2. Matthew Lorber (B.S, M.S)[150]
Analogic Corporation Public NASDAQ: ALOG Medical imaging 1967 1[151]
  1. Bernard M. Gordon (B.S, M.S)[152]
Applicon (FWB: SIE) Technology 1969 4[153][154]
  1. Co-founder Richard N. Spann (M.S, PhD)[155]
  2. Co-founder Harry Lee (Unknown)[156]
Bose Corporation Private Electronics/technology 1964 1[157]
  1. Amar Bose (B.S, M.S, PhD)[158]
Boston Dynamics (TYO: 9984) Robotics 1992 1[159]
  1. Marc Raibert (PhD)[160]
EMC (NYSE: DVMT) Computer hardware 1979 3[161]
  1. Co-founder Richard Egan (M.S)[162]
Evans & Sutherland Public OTCQB: ESCC Computer hardware 1968 2[163]
  1. Co-founder Ivan Sutherland (PhD)[164]
Gartner (Group), Inc. Public NYSE: IT IT journalism 1979 1[165]
  1. Gideon Gartner (B.S, M.S)[166]
Genentech (SIX: ROG) Pharmaceuticals 1976 2[167]
  1. Co-founder Robert A. Swanson (B.S, M.S)[168]
Infocom (NASDAQ: ATVI) Software 1979 10[169]
  1. Co-founder Dave Lebling (M.S)[170]
  2. Co-founder Marc Blank (B.S)[170]
  3. et al.
Intel Public NASDAQ: INTC Semiconductor 1968 2[171]
  1. Co-founder Robert Noyce (PhD)[172]
International Data Group (SSE: 122458) Media/technology 1964 1[173]
  1. Patrick Joseph McGovern (B.S)[174]
InterSystems Private Software 1978 1[175]
  1. Phillip "Terry" Ragon (B.S)[176]
Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers Private Finance 1972 4[177]
  1. Co-founder Thomas Perkins (B.S)[178]
Personal Software/Visicorp

—> Paladin Software

—> Private (Merged) Technology 1978 (Visicorp) 2 (Visicorp)[179]
  1. Co-founder Dan Fylstra (B.S)[180]
Psychology Today (Sussex Publishers) Magazine 1967 1[181]
  1. Nicholas Charney (B.S)[182]
SofTech Public OTCMKTS: SOFT Software 1969 1[183]
  1. Douglas T. Ross (M.S)[184]
Software Arts (NYSE: IBM) Technology 1979 2[185]
  1. Bob Frankston (B.S)[186]
  2. Daniel Bricklin (B.S)[185]
Teradyne Public NYSE: TER Electronics 1960 2[187]
  1. Alex d'Arbeloff (B.S)[188]
  2. Nick DeWolf (B.S)[189]

1900–1959

Company Type Stock Category Year founded Total founders Founder/co-founder from MIT
Acoustic Research (NASDAQ: VOXX) Electronics 1954 2[190]
  1. Co-founder Henry Kloss (undergraduate attendee)[85]
Digital Equipment Corporation (NYSE: HPQ) Computer hardware 1957 2[191]
  1. Co-founder Ken Olsen (B.S, M.S)[192]
Douglas Aircraft Company

& McDonnell Aircraft

—> McDonnell Douglas

—> Boeing

—> Public (Merged) NYSE: BA Aerospace 1921 (Douglas)

1939 (McDonnell)

4[193]
  1. Co-founder Donald Wills Douglas Sr. (B.S)[194]
  2. Co-founder James Smith McDonnell (M.S)[195]
Draper Laboratory Non-profit Defense & security 1932 1[196]
  1. Charles Stark Draper (B.S, PhD)[196]
Fairchild Semiconductor (NASDAQ: ON) Semiconductor 1957 8[197]
  1. Co-founder Robert Noyce (PhD)[172]
  2. Co-founder Jay Last (PhD)[198]
  3. Co-founder Sheldon Roberts (M.S, PhD)[198]
Gillette (NYSE: PG) Consumer products 1901 2[199]
  1. Co-founder William Emery Nickerson (B.S)[199]
HP Inc./Hewlett-Packard Public NYSE: HPQ Technology 1939 2[200]
  1. Co-founder William R. Hewlett (M.S)[201]
KLH Private Electronics 1957 3[85]
  1. Co-founder Henry Kloss (undergraduate attendee)[85]
Koch Industries Private Conglomerate 1940[202] Unknown
  1. Co-founder Fred C. Koch (B.S)[203]
Raytheon Public NYSE: RTN Defense 1922 3[204]
  1. Co-founder Vannevar Bush (D.Eng)[205]
Sprague Electric (NYSE: VSH) Electronic components 1926 1[206]
  1. Robert C. Sprague (M.S)[207]
Texas Instruments Public NASDAQ: TXN Electronics 1930 4[208]
  1. Co-founder Cecil Green (B.S, M.S)[209]
Thermo Electron

—> Thermo Fisher Scientific

—> Public (Merged) NYSE: TMO Technology 1956 (Thermo Electron) 2 (Thermo Electron)[210]
  1. Co-founder George Hatsopoulos (B.S, M.S, ScD)[211]

Before 1900

Company Type Stock Category Year founded Total founders Founder/co-founder from MIT
Arthur D. Little Partnership Management consulting 1886 2[212][213]
  1. Co-founder Arthur D. Little (B.S)[212]
Cabot Corporation Public NYSE: CBT Chemicals 1882 2[214]
  1. Godfrey L. Cabot (undergraduate attendee)[215]
  2. Samuel Cabot IV (B.S)[216]
Samuel Cabot Incorporated (NYSE:VAL) Wood stain 1877 1[217]
  1. Samuel Cabot IV (B.S)[216]
Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge Private Architecture 1886 3[218]
  1. Co-founder George F. Shepley (B.S)[219]
  2. Co-founder Charles A. Coolidge (B.S)[220]
Stone & Webster (NYSE: FTI) Engineering 1889 2[221]
  1. Charles Stone (B.S)[222]
  2. Edwin Webster (B.S)[222]

Notable defunct & dissolved

Company Type Stock Category Year founded Total founders Founder/co-founder (MIT alumni)
Adage, Inc. Defunct Computer graphics hardware 1957 3[223]
  1. Jim Stockwell (B.S)[223]
  2. Two others (unknown) from MIT
Advent Corporation Defunct Electronics 1967 1[224]
  1. Henry Kloss (undergraduate attendee)[85]
Boston Phoenix / Boston After Dark Defunct Newspapers 1965 1[225]
  1. Joe Hanlon (unknown)[225]
Lisp Machines, Inc. Defunct Technology 1979 1[226]
  1. Richard Greenblatt (undergraduate attendee)[226]
PlanetAll Defunct Social networking 1996 2[227]
  1. Co-founder Brian Robertson (B.S)[228]
Prime Computer Defunct Computer hardware 1972 7[229]
  1. Co-founder William Poduska (B.S, M.S, Sc.D)[230]
Stellar Computer

—> Stardent Inc.

Defunct Computer hardware 1980 1[231]
  1. Co-founder William Poduska (B.S, M.S, Sc.D)[230]
Thinking Machines Corporation Defunct Computer hardware 1983 2[232]
  1. Danny Hillis (B.S, PhD)[233]
  2. Sheryl Handler (PhD)[234]

See also

References

  1. "MIT Facts 2018: Entrepreneurship and Innovation". web.mit.edu. Retrieved 2018-04-15.
  2. "The University Entrepreneurship Report – Alumni of Top Universities Rake in $12.6 Billion Across 559 Deals". CB Insights Research. 2012-10-29. Retrieved 2017-12-22.
  3. "Founders Funding And Exit Ranking Usa | GraphicSprings". Retrieved 2018-05-19.
  4. "17 Companies You Didn't Know Were Founded By MIT Grads". Business Insider. Retrieved 2017-12-22.
  5. "Universities Report: The top 50 universities producing VC-backed entrepreneurs (2017-2018)" (PDF). PitchBook.
  6. "Universities Report: The top 50 universities producing VC-backed entrepreneurs (2016-2017)" (PDF). PitchBook.
  7. "Entrepreneurship and Innovation at MIT (December 2015)" (PDF). M.I.T.
  8. "Fortune Global 500 List 2017: See Who Made It". Fortune. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
  9. "America's Largest Private Companies". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
  10. "Fortune 500 Companies 2017: Who Made the List". Fortune. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  11. "Global 500 1998". Fortune. 2014-05-15. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
  12. "Fortune 500 1996". Fortune. 2014-05-15. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
  13. "EMC". Fortune. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
  14. "EMC". Fortune. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
  15. "Fortune 500 2006". Fortune. 2014-05-15. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
  16. "FORTUNE 500: 1988 Archive Full List 401-500". archive.fortune.com. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
  17. "International Data Group on the Forbes America's Largest Private Companies List". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
  18. "Fortune 500". Fortune. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
  19. "Fortune 500 2005". Fortune. 2014-05-15. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
  20. "Fortune 500 2003". Fortune. 2014-05-15. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
  21. "LinkedIn". Fortune. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
  22. "Fortune 500 2005". Fortune. 2014-05-15. Retrieved 2018-05-13.
  23. "About BuzzFeed". About BuzzFeed. Retrieved 2018-04-09.
  24. "Clover Food Lab | Crunchbase". Crunchbase. Retrieved 2018-04-09.
  25. "Ayr Muir". projects.iq.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2018-04-09.
  26. "Leadership | Coursera Blog". Coursera Blog. Retrieved 2018-04-08.
  27. "CV (Andrew Ng)" (PDF). Stanford University.
  28. "Coverity | Crunchbase". Crunchbase. Retrieved 2018-04-08.
  29. "Dawson Engler". web.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2018-04-08.
  30. "Dropbox | Company Info". Retrieved 2018-04-10.
  31. "Drew Houston". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
  32. "Arash Ferdowsi". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
  33. "Eye-Fi | Crunchbase". Crunchbase. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
  34. "Yuval Koren: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
  35. Mac, Ryan. "Rampant FireEye Shares Makes Founder Ashar Aziz A Cybersecurity Billionaire". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-04-08.
  36. Mac, Ryan. "Rampant FireEye Shares Makes Founder Ashar Aziz A Cybersecurity Billionaire". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-04-08.
  37. "About - Ginkgo Bioworks". Ginkgo Bioworks. Retrieved 2018-04-11.
  38. "Jason Kelly: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-11.
  39. "Resume (Austin Che)" (PDF).
  40. "Grubhub, Inc. - About Us - Company Timeline". about.grubhub.com. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  41. "Mike Evans, '99, MEng '00 | MIT EECS". www.eecs.mit.edu. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  42. HubSpot. "Brian Halligan, HubSpot CEO and Founder". www.hubspot.com. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  43. HubSpot. "Dharmesh Shah, HubSpot CTO and Founder". www.hubspot.com. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  44. "HuffPost | Crunchbase". Crunchbase. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  45. "12 Reasons this Jonah Peretti Post Should Go Viral". Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  46. "What is the history of Khan Academy?". Khan Academy Help Center. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  47. "Sal Khan, SB, MEng '98 | MIT EECS". www.eecs.mit.edu. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  48. "Raffaello.name | Kiva Systems". raffaello.name. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  49. "Mick Mountz | MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering". meche.mit.edu. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  50. "Pete Wurman". www.pwurman.org. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  51. "A Brief History of LinkedIn". ourstory.linkedin.com. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
  52. "Eric Ly: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
  53. started as an experiment on SparkNotes earlier than 2001
  54. "OkCupid | About Us". www.okcupid.com. Retrieved 2018-04-08.
  55. "Max Krohn: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-08.
  56. "About Us | Onshape". www.onshape.com. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  57. "Sharing the excitement of mechanical engineering research". MIT News. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  58. "Philly CarShare becomes well-traveled". Philly.com. Retrieved 2018-05-19.
  59. "Clayton Lane 1 / 2 — TheCityFixTheCityFix". TheCityFix. Retrieved 2018-05-19.
  60. Sigma, Two. "About". Two Sigma. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
  61. "David Siegel". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
  62. "Driven: how Zipcar's founders built and lost a car-sharing empire". The Verge. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  63. "Welcome". Robin Chase. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  64. "Company History | Akamai". Retrieved 2018-04-19.
  65. "Dr. Tom Leighton, CEO | Executive Team | Akamai". www.akamai.com. Retrieved 2018-04-19.
  66. "MIT Alumnus Daniel Lewin, the First Man to Die on 9/11, Transformed the Internet". Retrieved 2018-04-19.
  67. Livingston, Jessica (2008-11-01). Founders at Work: Stories of Startups' Early Days. Apress. ISBN 9781430210771.
  68. "Brewster Kahle | Internet Hall of Fame". www.internethalloffame.org. Retrieved 2018-04-19.
  69. "Bruce Gilliat: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-19.
  70. "HP Computer Museum". www.hpmuseum.net. Retrieved 2018-04-19.
  71. "John William Poduska Sr.: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-19.
  72. "ATG (Art Technology Group) | Crunchbase". Crunchbase. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  73. "Up close and personal: Jeet Singh". ComputerWeekly.com. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  74. "Joseph T. Chung: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  75. "History of Avid Technology Inc. – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  76. "Bill Warner - Techstars Mentor". Techstars. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  77. "Our History | BlackRock". BlackRock. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
  78. "Ben Golub, PhD | BlackRock". BlackRock. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
  79. "Overview". www.blackstone.com. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  80. "Peter G. Peterson, Blackstone's Co-Founder, Dies at 91". Bloomberg.com. 2018-03-20. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  81. "Cambridge Innovation Center: Private Company Information - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  82. "Timothy Rowe: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  83. "Andrew Olmsted: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  84. "History of Cambridge SoundWorks, Inc. – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  85. "Henry Kloss, Dead at 72". Stereophile.com. 2002-02-10. Retrieved 2018-05-01.
  86. "Philippe P. Laffont: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-05-20.
  87. "Philippe and Kate Villers". www.influencewatch.org. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  88. "Philippe Villers Ph.D.: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  89. "20 Boston startups founded by MIT alumni". Built In Boston. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  90. "Constant Contact | Crunchbase". Crunchbase. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  91. SALAZAR, CRISTIAN (2012-01-12). "Jerome Rubin, helped forge LexisNexis, dies at 86". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  92. "Five Alumni Tapped for Inventors Hall of Fame". Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  93. "History of E*Trade Financial Corporation – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  94. "The Joan and William A. Porter 1967 Center for Management Education - MIT Sloan Building the Future". mitsloan.mit.edu. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  95. "A History of Protecting Freedom Where Law and Technology Collide". Electronic Frontier Foundation. 2011-10-07. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  96. "Mitch Kapor". thocp.net. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  97. "Encore Computer Corporation Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Encore Computer Corporation". www.referenceforbusiness.com. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  98. "Gordon Bell | Computer History Museum". www.computerhistory.org. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  99. "Frame Technology | Crunchbase". Crunchbase. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  100. "Steve Kirsch Home Page". skirsch.com. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  101. "Staff and Board — Free Software Foundation — working together for free software". www.fsf.org. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  102. "With a Little Help From My Friends | MIT Spectrum". MIT Spectrum. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  103. clarise.snyder (2016-02-03). "Eran Egozy". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  104. "The History Of InfoSeek". www.top5webhost.com. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  105. "Paul Gauthier and Eric Brewer". Business Insider. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
  106. "Eric Brewer | EECS at UC Berkeley". www2.eecs.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
  107. "Internet Archive: Bios". archive.org. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  108. "About | Brewster Kahle's Blog". brewster.kahle.org. Archived from the original on 2011-08-12. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  109. "History | iRobot". www.irobot.com. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  110. "Management Team | iRobot". www.irobot.com. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  111. "Helen Greiner | MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering". meche.mit.edu. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  112. "Profile: dmbaggett | Hacker News". news.ycombinator.com. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  113. "Jeremy Wertheimer Ph.D.: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  114. Marcken, Carl de. "Carl de Marcken". www.demarcken.org. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  115. "David Baggett". NAE Website. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  116. "Ray Kurzweil |". www.soundonsound.com. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  117. "Kurzweil Educational Systems". www.kurzweiltech.com. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  118. "Oral History: David K. Lam | SEMI.ORG". www.semi.org. Retrieved 2018-05-21.
  119. Smith, Nancy Duvergne. "David K. Lam, SM '70, ScD '73". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 2018-05-21.
  120. Livingston, Jessica (2008). "Mitchell Kapor". Mitchell Kapor (Cofounder, Lotus Development). Springer. pp. 89–102. doi:10.1007/978-1-4302-1077-1_6. ISBN 978-1-4302-1078-8.
  121. "Mitch Kapor". mitsloan.mit.edu. Retrieved 2018-04-24.{{dead link|date=May 2019
  122. "Mr. Jonathan Sachs". IT History Society. 2015-12-21. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  123. Maccone, Claudio (2012-08-30). Mathematical SETI: Statistics, Signal Processing, Space Missions. Springer Science & Business Media. Bibcode:2012mssp.book.....M. ISBN 9783642274374.
  124. "Dr. Richard Petti | Chyten Tutors". Chyten. Retrieved 2018-04-25.
  125. "History | Qualcomm". Qualcomm. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  126. "Irwin Jacobs". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  127. "Oral-History:Andrew Viterbi - Engineering and Technology History Wiki". ethw.org. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  128. Mock, Dave (2005). The Qualcomm Equation: How a Fledgling Telecom Company Forged a New Path to Big Profits and Market Dominance. Amacom. ISBN 9780814428580.
  129. West, Joel. "Before Qualcomm: Linkabit and the Origins of San Diego's Telecom Industry" (PDF).
  130. "James Simons". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-04-17.
  131. "Charles Zhang". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 2018-05-21.
  132. Gold, Liv. "Charles Zhang, PhD '94". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 2018-05-21.
  133. "Farewell and best wishes to Jon Hirschtick". The SOLIDWORKS Blog. 2011-10-13. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  134. "SparkNotes: History". www.sparknotes.com. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  135. "OkCupid Compatibility Calculation". Artsy. 2015-03-18. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  136. "Max Krohn: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  137. "Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited". www.tsmc.com. Retrieved 2018-04-14.
  138. "About - Charles Ferguson". Charles Ferguson. Retrieved 2018-04-17.
  139. "MIT/LCS SPD Group Members". www.sds.lcs.mit.edu. Retrieved 2018-04-17.
  140. "VMware Story - Profile, CEO, Founder, History | Technology Companies | SuccessStory". successstory.com. Retrieved 2018-04-15.
  141. "Ellen Wang". awards.acm.org. Retrieved 2018-04-15.
  142. "Stocks". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-15.
  143. Pieraccini, Roberto (2012-03-23). The Voice in the Machine: Building Computers That Understand Speech. MIT Press. ISBN 9780262300773.
  144. "3Com". IT History Society. 2015-12-15. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  145. "Q&A: Robert Metcalfe on the "Inoversity"". MIT News. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  146. "Howard S. Charney". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  147. "The Life That Works | MIT Spectrum". MIT Spectrum. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  148. "History of Analog Devices, Inc. – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  149. "Ray and Maria Stata give MIT $25 million, the largest gift ever for a building project at MIT". MIT News. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  150. "'You can't play it safe and win'". MIT News. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  151. "History of Analogic Corporation – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  152. "Bernie Gordon – BMGC". www.gordon-se.technion.ac.il. Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  153. Peddie, Jon (2013-06-13). The History of Visual Magic in Computers: How Beautiful Images are Made in CAD, 3D, VR and AR. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9781447149323.
  154. "Chapter 7: Applicon" (PDF). CAD History.
  155. "Giving to MIT". M.I.T.
  156. "Celebrating a half century of MIT entrepreneurship - The Martin Trust Center for MIT Entrepreneurship". The Martin Trust Center for MIT Entrepreneurship. 2016-11-21. Retrieved 2018-05-27.
  157. "The first 50 years of Bose". www.bose.com. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  158. "Amar Bose '51, SM '52, ScD '56, Bose Corporation's founder, has died at 83". MIT News. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  159. Gibbs, Samuel (2013-12-17). "What is Boston Dynamics and why does Google want robots?". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-06-02.
  160. "Marc Raibert". www.ai.mit.edu. Retrieved 2018-06-02.
  161. "EMC co-founder kills himself". Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  162. Mearian, Lucas. "EMC founder Richard Egan dies after long battle with cancer". Computerworld. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  163. "History of Evans & Sutherland Computer Corporation – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  164. "Ivan Sutherland - A.M. Turing Award Winner". amturing.acm.org. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  165. "History of Gartner Group, Inc. – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  166. "About Gideon | gideongartner.com". gideongartner.com. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  167. "Genentech: Our Founders". www.gene.com. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  168. "Robert Swanson, 52, alumnus who launched biotechnology industry". MIT News. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  169. "Down From the Top of Its Game: The Story of Infocom, Inc" (PDF). MIT.
  170. Woyke, Elizabeth. "The four MIT grads who created Zork in their off hours call it "a good hack"". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  171. "Where Can I Find Information about the Founders of Intel?". Intel. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
  172. ScienCentral. "Robert Noyce". www.pbs.org. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  173. "History of International Data Group, Inc. – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  174. "Patrick J. McGovern, 1937-2014 | McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT". mcgovern.mit.edu. 2014-03-20. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  175. "Leadership | InterSystems". InterSystems Corporation. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  176. "Leadership | InterSystems". InterSystems Corporation. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  177. "Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers | Crunchbase". Crunchbase. Retrieved 2018-04-15.
  178. www.kpcb.com, Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers. "Tom Perkins — Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers". www.kpcb.com. Retrieved 2018-04-15.
  179. "Mr. Peter R. Jennings". IT History Society. 2015-12-21. Retrieved 2018-04-29.
  180. "Dan Fylstra: History of Visicalc". www.pass.org. Retrieved 2018-04-29.
  181. "Letting the Air In". Psychology Today. Retrieved 2018-04-29.
  182. "Fashion through video: a live-action alternative to magazines". Christian Science Monitor. 1981-10-01. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 2018-04-29.
  183. Horspool, Nigel (2007). "Douglas T. Ross (1929–2007)". Software: Practice and Experience. 37 (7): 691. doi:10.1002/spe.831. ISSN 0038-0644.
  184. "Computer Pioneers - Douglas T. Ross". history.computer.org. Retrieved 2018-04-29.
  185. "History of Computers and Computing, Birth of the modern computer, Software history, VisiCalc of Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston". history-computer.com. Retrieved 2018-04-29.
  186. "Bob Frankston | Computer History Museum". www.computerhistory.org. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
  187. "Teradyne co-founder DeWolf dies". EE Times.
  188. "Alex d'Arbeloff, former MIT Corporation chairman, dies at 80". MIT News. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
  189. "Chronicling the Life of Teradyne's Nick DeWolf as a Photographer – Boston Magazine". Boston Magazine. 2014-07-02. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
  190. "A Glorious Time: AR's Edgar Villchur and Roy Allison". Stereophile.com. 2005-02-06. Retrieved 2018-05-01.
  191. "A look back at Digital Equipment Corp". Boston.com. Retrieved 2018-05-01.
  192. "Kenneth Olsen, MIT Corporation life member emeritus, dies at 84". MIT News. Retrieved 2018-05-01.
  193. "Boeing: Boeing History". www.boeing.com. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
  194. "Boeing: Donald W. Douglas Sr". www.boeing.com. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
  195. "Boeing: James Smith McDonnell". www.boeing.com. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
  196. "History of The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
  197. "History and Heritage | Fairchild". www.fairchildsemi.com. Archived from the original on 2018-09-11. Retrieved 2018-05-13.
  198. "The Origins of Silicon Valley, Through the Eyes of MIT Alumni". Retrieved 2018-05-13.
  199. "King Gillette | Lemelson-MIT Program". lemelson.mit.edu. Retrieved 2018-05-01.
  200. "HP Timeline | HP® Official Site". www8.hp.com. Retrieved 2018-04-15.
  201. "William Redington Hewlett". Hewlett Foundation. Retrieved 2018-05-01.
  202. "Koch Industries on the Forbes America's Largest Private Companies List". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-05-03.
  203. "Summary of Koch Industries history". www.sec.gov. Retrieved 2018-05-03.
  204. "Raytheon: History". www.raytheon.com. Retrieved 2018-05-03.
  205. "Vannevar Bush". www.ibiblio.org. Retrieved 2018-05-03.
  206. Vishay. "Vishay - 50-Year Timeline". www.vishay.com. Retrieved 2018-05-03.
  207. "SPRAGUE ELECTRIC" (PDF). MCLA.
  208. Lewis, Paul (2003-04-15). "Cecil H. Green, 102, Dies; Texas Instruments Founder". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-05-04.
  209. "Cecil H. Green". Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Retrieved 2018-05-04.
  210. "Starting Up and Starting Over - Alumni - Harvard Business School". www.alumni.hbs.edu. Retrieved 2018-05-04.
  211. "George N. Hatsopoulos '49, SM '50, ScD '56 | MIT Infinite History". infinitehistory.mit.edu. Retrieved 2018-05-04.
  212. "Arthur D. Little,Inc.: Exhibits: Institute Archives & Special Collections: MIT". libraries.mit.edu. Archived from the original on 2019-07-02. Retrieved 2018-05-01.
  213. "A Brief History: Arthur D. Little, Inc" (PDF). MIT.
  214. "History". Cabot Corporation. Retrieved 2018-05-01.
  215. "Senior trustee, Thomas D. Cabot, dies at 98". MIT News. Retrieved 2018-05-01.
  216. "Samuel Cabot Inc. -- Company History". www.company-histories.com. Retrieved 2018-05-01.
  217. "Samuel Cabot Inc. Newburyport, Mass. - PaintPRO". www.paintpro.net. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
  218. "Shepley, Rutan & Cooledge". hereibe.homestead.com. Retrieved 2018-05-03.
  219. "George Foster Shepley". Back Bay Houses. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2018-05-03.
  220. "PCAD - Charles Allerton Coolidge Sr". pcad.lib.washington.edu. Retrieved 2018-05-03.
  221. "Stone & Webster > About Us". www.stoneandwebster.com. Retrieved 2018-05-04.
  222. "25th Reunion of the Class of 1888: Exhibits: Institute Archives & Special Collections: MIT". libraries.mit.edu. Retrieved 2018-05-04.
  223. "JAMES I. "JIM" STOCKWELL's Obituary on Boston Globe". Boston Globe. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
  224. "Henry Kloss, 72, Industry Legend, Innovator, Dies". Twice. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
  225. "Phoenix Beginnings". phoenix.library.northeastern.edu. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
  226. "Oral History of Richard Greenblatt" (PDF).
  227. "PlanetAll: The Story Behind the World's First Social Networking Site". VentureFizz. 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2018-05-09.
  228. "Amonix CEO Brian Robertson dies in light aircraft crash". PV Tech. Retrieved 2018-05-09.
  229. "History of Prime Computer, Inc". www.pr1mehost.com. Retrieved 2018-05-09.
  230. "John William Poduska Sr.: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-05-09.
  231. Markoff, John. "Ardent Computer Link To Stellar Is Disclosed". Retrieved 2018-05-09.
  232. "The Rise and Fall of Thinking Machines". Inc.com. 1899-11-30. Retrieved 2018-05-09.
  233. "W. Daniel Hillis PhD". hertzfoundation.org. Retrieved 2018-05-09.
  234. Smith, Nancy Duvergne. "Alumni Share the "View from the Top"". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 2018-05-09.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.