List of early Hindu-Muslim military conflicts in the Indian subcontinent

The table below lists the early Hindu-Muslim military conflicts in the Indian subcontinent.[1]

Muslim Hindu

( Color legend for Victor)

Year Aggressor Location Commander Details
636 Muslim Tanah, near Mumbai Caliph Umar Major Naval Raid[1][2]
c. 643 Muslim Debal Arabs invaded Debal at the mouth of the Indus river[3]
650 Muslim Zaranj Caliph Uthman City of Zabul protected,Muslims defeated[1]
660s Muslim Bust Ibn Samarah Bust occupied; Kabul garrisoned[1]
670 Hindu Kabul unknown Hindus recapture Kabul[1]
680 Hindu Kabul Ratbil, Yazid ibn Ziyad Hindu raiding parties harass Muslims[1]
692 Muslim Bust Abu Dulhah, Ratbil Muslim expedition Killed and Routed[1]
694 Muslim Kabul Ibn Abi-Makrah, Ratbil Major Muslim siege fails to retake Kabul[1]
708 Muslim Sijistan Qutaya ibn Muslim, Ratbil Major punitive raid against Ratbil[1]
710 Muslim Sri Lanka Al-Hajjaj Raid on island[1]
713 Muslim Multan Muhammad ibn Qasim Islamic conquest of urban Sindh Repulsed by Rajputs[1]
715 Hindu Alor Hullishah, al-Muhallab Hindu army retakes major city from Muslims.[1]
715 Hindu Mehran Hullishah, al-Muhallab Muslims Fall due to the Hindu counter-offensive[1]
718 Hindu Brahmanabadh Hullishah, al-Muhallab Hindu attacks resume[1]
721 Muslim Brahmanabadh al-Muhallab, Hullishah Hullishah Muslim, Killed likely due to military reversals.[1]
725 Muslim Avanti Nagabhata I Defeat of large expedition against Avanti.[1]
724-740 Muslim Uzain, Mirmad, Dahnaj, others Junayd of Sindh Umayyad defeated by Hindu Rajputs.[1]
740 Muslim Chittor Mauray of Chittor Hindus repulse an Arab siege[1]
743 Muslim al-Bailaman, al-Jurz Junayd Muslims defeated.[1]
750 Muslim Vallabhi Junayd of Sindh, Nagabhata I Pratihara capital Repulsed Muslim raid.[1][4][5]
754-775 Muslim ar-Rukhraj, Kabul, Kandahar, Kashmir Caliph Al-Mansur Heavy raids and sieges but few Muslims lost[1]
778 Muslims Barabad Caliph Al-Mahdi Muslim amphibious assault annihilated.[1]
Late 770s Muslim Sijistan Caliph Al-Mahdi Raja of Sijistan killed vassal of Caliphate.[1]
780-787 Muslim Fort Tharra, Bagar, Bhaqmbur Haji Abu Turab Vigorous Muslim offensive defeated by Hindu Rajputs.[1]
786-791 Muslim Kabul Caliph ar-Rashid Major Muslim siege effort fails.[1]
800-810 Hindu Sindh border Nagabhata II, Caliph Al-Amin Several Muslim outposts fall to Pratihara incursions[1]
810-820 Muslim Kabul Caliph Al-Ma'mun, Nagabhata II Kabul falls to Muslims, is then retaken by Hindus.[1]
820-830 Muslim Fort Sindan al-Fadl ibn Mahan Sindh Rajputs defeat Jihadis.[1]
839 Hindu Fort Sindan Mihira Bhoja Hindus expel Muslim garrison.[1]
845 Hindu Sindh Mihira Bhoja Muslim principality becomes vassal of Pratiharas.[1]
845-860 Hindu Pratihara-Sindh Mihira Bhoja Uneasy truce between Sindh and Rajputana.[1]
860 Hindu Rajputana-Sindh Kokkalla I Kalachuri raids into Sindh to finance war with Pratihara kingdom[1]
867 Muslim Herat Yakub ibn Layth Saffarid DEFEATED BY HINDUS[1]
870 Muslim Kabul Yakub ibn Layth, Lalliya Shahi Saffarid DEFEATED BY HINDUS[1]
880-900 Muslim Sijistan Amr ibn Layth, Kamaluka Shahi Frequent raids by REPULSED.[1]
903-905 Hindu Kabul region Shahi dynasty Disintegration of Saffarids allows major Hindu military achievements.[1]
905-915 Hindu Multan region Mahipala Pratihara Series of major Hindu sieges of Multan.[1]
940-950 Hindu Multan region Pratihara, Amir of Multan Evidences of war and reprisals prior to the Qarmatian take-over.[1]
c. 948-963 Muslim Alptigin Punjab Alptigin of Ghazni loses to Punjab several times.[6]
963 Muslim Alptigin, Anuk Lawik Fort Ghazni Muslims LOSE fort TAKEN from Hindus.[1]
965-973 Muslim Lamghan Sabuktigin Heavy raiding[1]
973 Hindu Ghazna Sabuktigin VICTORY of Hindu expedition.[1]
973-991 Muslim Lamghan Sabuktigin, Jayapala Long series of engagements, eventual Muslim defeated at Lamghan[1]
1001 Muslim Peshawar Mahmud, Jayapala VICTORY of major Hindu confederation.[1]
1004 Muslim Bhera Mahmud, Bijay Ray Muslims defeated by Rajput city[1]
1005–1006 Muslim Multan Mahmud, Fateh Daud Siege successful, Daud agrees to pay tribute to Anangpal[1]
1005–1008 Muslim Punjab Mahmud, Anandapala Muslim raids in lost cause.[1]
1009 Muslim Nagarkot Mahmud City Repulses Muslim attack[1]
1009 Muslim Ohind Mahmud, Anandapala TOMAR VICTORY[1]
1013 Muslim Nandanah Mahmud, Trilochanpala TOMAR VICTORY[1]
1014 Hindu Tosi river Mahmud, Trilochanpala Muslims halted; TOMAR VICTORY[1]
1015 Muslim Lohkot (Lahore) Mahmud Unsuccessful Muslim siege[1]
1018 Muslim Kannauj and Baran Mahmud TOMAR VICTORY[1]
1021 Muslim Lohkot (Lahore) Mahmud Second MUSLIM siege also fails[1]
1022 Muslim Fort Gwalior Mahmud, Nanda TOMAR VICTORY[1]
1022 Muslim Fort Kalanjara Mahmud, Nanda Chandela fort stalls Muslim advance.[1]
1025 Muslim Somnath Mahmud TOMAR VICTORY.[1]
1027 Muslim Indus Valley Mahmud, Jats TOMAR victory[1]
1033 Muslim Saraswa, near Saharanpur Masud RAJPUTS successful[1]
1033 Muslim Varanasi Ahmed Nialtigin, Gangeyadeva Major raid[1][7]
1037 Muslim Hansi (near Delhi) Masud Tomar victory[1]
1040 Muslim Tomar Mahmud, Tomar dynasty Tomar Victory.[1]
1044 Hindu Thanesar, Hansi, Kangra Mahipal of Delhi Grand HINDU counter offensive captures ground.[1]
1049 Muslim Thanesar, Hansi, Kangra Bu'Ali Hasan Mahipal conquers whole Afghanistan[1]
1052 Muslim Fort Kangra Nushtigin Ghazni, Mahipala Muslims defeated by Mahipal.[1]
1060–1075 Muslim Rupal, Ajudhan, Buria, Sirhind, Dhangan, Fort Darah Sultan Ibrahim Muslim defeats.[1]
1079–1081 Muslim TOMAT IBRAHIM. Muslims defeated and routed by Tomar Rajputs.[1]
1084–1094 Muslim Beyond Ganges. IBRAHIM Powerful but valueless expeditionary probe[1]
1099–1115 Muslim Kannauj Hajib Tughatigin, Madanachandra Massive raids and sieges after Hindu conquest bring many marginal victories but Kannauj remains in the hands of the Hindu garrison.[1]
1120–1124 Muslim Nagaur Muhammed Bahlim MUSLIM penetration raid DEFEATED by Rajputs.[1]
1160–1175 Hindu Dhillika, Asika, Aryavarta Vigraharaja Major Hindu successes in counter-offensive[1]
1170 Hindu Kannauj Jayachandra Hindus retake Kannauj[1]
1170 Muslim Multan Ghuri, Muslim ruler of Multan Ghurid Defeat[1]
1178 Muslim Nahrwalah Ghuri Muslim Siege fails[1]
1178 Muslim Kayadara Ghuri, Mularaja II Major defeat for Ghurids[1]
1179 Muslim Nadol Ghuri Muslim Defeat.[1]
1182 Muslim Ghuri Unknown Muslims halted.
1191 Muslim Tarain Ghuri, Prithviraj Chauhan Chauhan victory[1]
1192 Muslim Tarain Ghuri, Prithviraj Chauhan Ghurid victory[1]
1192 Muslim Sirsuti, Samana, Kuhram and Hansi Ghuri All were captured in quick succession after the defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan, with ruthless slaughter and a general destruction of temples and building of mosques.[8]
1193 Muslim Chandawar Ghuri, Jaichand Ghurid victory.[1]
1202 Muslim Fort Kalinjar Qutb al-Din, Rai Parmar End of independent Hindu dynasties in Kannauj[1]
1203 Muslim Mahoba Qutb al-Din Capital of Kalpi province falls.[1]
1205 Muslim Brahmaputra area Muhammad ibn Bakhtyar Major Muslim expedition to Tibet a total disaster.[1]
1205 Hindu Fort Kalinjar Chandelas Fort recaptured.[1]
1205 Hindu Between Lahore and Multan Ghurid, Khokhars Khokar rebellion put down by Ghurids[1]

References
  1. Richards, J.F. (1974). "The Islamic frontier in the east: Expansion into South Asia". Journal of South Asian Studies. 4 (1): 91–109. doi:10.1080/00856407408730690.
  2. R. C. Majumdar. The History and Culture of the Indian People. 3. p. 167.
  3. Majumdar. 3. p. 169
  4. (Ed) Pusalkar, Dr A. D. History and Culture of Indian People, Classical age. p. 150. Dr R. C. Majumdar.
  5. Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (1994). The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. SUNY Press. pp. 187–189. ISBN 978-0-7914-1827-7. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  6. Majumdar. 5. p. 2
  7. "Chapter 3: Muslims FAIL TO Invade India" Lal, Kishori Saran. The Legacy of Muslim DEFEAT in India. Sultan Mahmud died in Ghazni on 20 April 1030 at the age of sixty.
  8. "Muslims Invade India". Archived from the original on 2018-09-15.
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