List of female American football players

Women's gridiron football, more commonly known as women's American football, women's Canadian football, or simply women's football, is a form of gridiron football (American or Canadian) played by women. Most leagues play by the same rules as their male counterparts, with one exception: women's leagues use a slightly smaller football. Men primarily play on a semi-professional or amateur level in the United States. Very few high schools or colleges offer the sport solely for women and girls; however, on occasion, it is permissible for a female player to join an otherwise male team.

Women's involvement in professional football can be traced back to as early as 1926, when the Frankford Yellow Jackets of the National Football League organized women's games during halftime to entertain the crowds. The following is a list of notable female American football players who have played for predominantly men's American football teams at the youth, high school, college, or semi-professional levels, played in the Legends Football League, or played in women's tackle football leagues such as the Women's Football Alliance, Independent Women's Football League, and Women's Spring Football League.

Notable women who presently play or have previously played American football are included on this list.

Female football players
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Of the women who have seen action in men's college and pro football, almost all have been in special teams positions that are protected from physical contact. The first professional player was a placekick holder (a traditionally trivial position usually occupied by a person who holds another position on the team), while the best known female college football players were all placekickers, with all having primarily played women's soccer prior to converting.

Patricia Palinkas is on record as being the first female professional football player, having played for the Orlando Panthers of the Atlantic Coast Football League in 1970. Palinkas was a placekick holder for her placekicker husband.

In 2007, Abby Vestal was the kicker for the Kansas Koyotes in the American Professional Football League, an indoor pro football league. Vestal kicked three PATs on April 23 marking the first female athlete to score points in a men's pro football game.

On October 18, 1997, Liz Heaston became the first woman to play and score in a college football game, kicking two extra points. Prior to this game, female athletes at Duke and Louisville had come close to playing in a game but did not. In 2001, Ashley Martin became the second female athlete to score in a college football game, this time in the NCAA.

In 2003, Katie Hnida became the first female athlete to score in a Division I-A bowl game; she later became the second professional player when she signed with the Fort Wayne FireHawks. Julie Harshbarger, a placekicker for numerous Chicago-based Continental Indoor Football League teams, became the first female player to win a most valuable player award in an otherwise all-male league in 2014; by kicking five field goals that season, she earned the title of special teams player of the year, leading all kickers in the league in scoring. Jennifer Welter became the first female skill position player at the male professional level by playing as a running back in the Texas Revolution in 2014.

Brittanee Jacobs is the first female football coach at the collegiate level. She helped coach safeties at Central Methodist University during the 2012 season. Welter would become the first female coach at the professional level when she took a preseason position with the Arizona Cardinals in 2015; a year later, Kathryn Smith, who had spent several years as a front office assistant, took a quality control coaching position with the Buffalo Bills, making her the first permanent female coach in National Football League history.

On November 28, 2020, Sarah Fuller became the first female to play in an NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision game for a school within one of the Power Five conferences when she kicked off in the second half for the Vanderbilt Commodores football team who are members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

To date, only one woman has ever attempted to join the NFL: Lauren Silberman, who received a tryout to a scouting combine in 2013. Silberman had never played the game before and botched her tryout, leading observers to assume the tryout was a publicity stunt.

Youth

Pop Warner estimates that girls make up one percent of its 250,000 registered players, or about 2,500 girls aged five to fourteen playing tackle football in an organization that makes up eight to ten percent of total youth football participation. If that ratio holds true for the estimated 2.5 million youth football players overall, it would mean 25,000 girls playing tackle football at the youth level. Female-only youth leagues are growing in popularity, but are still far outnumbered by local youth programs that are male dominated.

  • Jessica Ciarrocchi: Starting Running Back, Linebacker and Free Safety. Played 4 years of Varsity Level Youth Tackle Football for the Marple Jr. Tigers of the Bert Bell Memorial Football League. First girl ever to start at Running Back and Linebacker/Free Safety in a Varsity Bert Bell Championship Game (110lb Division). Scored over 60 Touchdowns in her career and led her team in Rushing and Tackles every season played. Also started at Quarterback as well.[1]
  • Sarah Crispin: Starting Middle Linebacker, Ridley Middle School, Pennsylvania. Started playing tackle football at the age of 7. U.S. national football team hopeful.[2]
  • Mandy Davis: Starting running back and middle linebacker, Pleasant Grove Middle School, Alabama. Started playing in 7th grade for the first time.[3]
  • Sam Gordon: Running back, Salt Lake City. Her play in a youth football league[4] led to her becoming the first female football player featured on a Wheaties box.[5]
  • Angelica Richards: Starting offensive tackle, Austin Road Middle School, Georgia. Started playing 7th grade for the first time.[6]
  • Allie Spellman: Starting Left Tackle & Right Guard, Colome. First girl to play on a Defensive and Offensive Tackle Line, Also first girl to play hands-on football at Colome High School in Colome, South Dakota.

High school

According to the National Federation of State High School Associations, there more than 1,900 girls who played high school football in 2016. For years, the number of high schools with football teams and the number of high school children playing football grew at a steady rate. But recently, participation leveled off and even began to go down, except for one group: high school girls.

  • 1939–40 – Luverne "Toad" Wise: Kicker for the Atmore (now Escambia County) Alabama High School Blue Devils in 1939 and 1940, first female to score in an American football game (in 1939).[7][8][9]
  • 1972 – Theresa Dion: First female to play on a boys high school varsity team in the U.S. when she played for Immaculate High School in Key West, in 1972, as a placekicker.[10]
  • 1981 – Tami Maida: Junior varsity quarterback at Philomath High School in Philomath, Oregon. In 1981, she became the first known quarterback to also become homecoming princess, and her story was the basis of the CBS movie Quarterback Princess starring Helen Hunt as Maida.
  • 1982 – Beth Bates, a Williamsburg, Kentucky High school junior in 1982, became the first woman in Kentucky to score in a high school football game, kicking five extra points.[11]
  • 1986 – Heather Darrow: In 1986, Darrow became the first female athlete in the state of Tennessee to score a point in a high school football game.[12]
  • 1989 – Kathleen Trumbo: Corydon Central High School, Corydon, Indiana. First girl in the nation to earn a varsity letter as a nose guard/offensive tackle for a high school boy's varsity team. She also was a varsity starter in the final two games of the season.
  • 1989 – Sabrina Wells: Ballou High School, Washington, D.C. Tight end listed at 5-foot-4, 180 lbs. in the program, according to the Nov. 13, 1989, issue of Jet magazine[13] that ran a feature on her and cross-town female player Lakeal Ellis. See a video of her team playing Pittsburgh's Woodland Hills High School in 1989.[14]
  • 1989 – Lakeal Ellis: Roosevelt High School, Washington, D.C. Played defensive back because "I like to hit people," according to the Jet article.[13]
  • 1989–91 – Wanda Ballou: First girl in Ohio to play boy's JV & Varsity High School football 1989–1991. Wanda was starting wide receiver and Safety. At 5'7 and 130lbs, she was fast with great hand skills, a force to be reckoned with.[15]
  • 1998 – Jessica "Lil' Bulldog" Schultz: Fifteen year old, 4'11", female sophomore played fullback, outside linebacker, and special teams, with the male varsity team for Jellico, TN, Blue Devils. She scored the first rushing touchdown by a female in 1998. Jellico v. Williamsburg.[16]
  • 1999 – Tonya Fletcher earned a spot as the starting place-kicker for the Cary-Grove High School Trojans, becoming the first female to play varsity football in McHenry County, Illinois. She won homecoming queen that year and accepted her crown in her football uniform.
  • 1999 – Samantha "Sami" Grisafe: First girl in California to play quarterback in a Varsity Division I High School Football game in 2000 at Redlands High School. Named captain of Redland's High School's Freshman Football Team in 1999. Inducted into the Redlands High School Athletic Hall of Fame in 2014 for her accomplishments in Varsity Football, Softball, and Volleyball.[17][18]
  • 2007 – Nicole Gooch became the first girl to score points at the 4A level in Iowa history, kicking PAT's for Des Moines Hoover.
  • 2007 – Holley Mangold: In 2007, played high school football as an offensive lineman; younger sister of NFL offensive lineman Nick Mangold. She also competed as a weightlifter in the 2012 Summer Olympics
  • 2009–15 – Brooke Liebsch: Started playing on all boys tackle teams in 2009, and became Liberty (Missouri) North High School's first female quarterback in 2015.[19] Recently lettered in football her Sophomore year. First female to make it to the U.S. National Development Games in Arlington Texas, July 2016.[20] March 2017 at the age of 16 registered with the WFA Women's Football Alliance. 2017 Rookie starting quarterback for the KC Titans Women's team. First year playing she took her team to the first round of the playoffs. She also understands her role and knows that a lot of little girls look up to her for what she does, and she consciously takes time to encourage & motivate them. This year will be her second year attending the KC Chiefs Play 60 Event for the Girl Scouts.
  • 2009–15 – Grace Milstein: Started playing Tackle Football on an all boys team in 6th grade and continued to play until her Senior year at Novato High School in 2015. She was one of the first girls to play in California as both Receiver and Free Safety.[21]
  • 2012 – Erin DiMeglio: In 2012, became the first female quarterback to see play in Florida high school football history[22]
  • 2013- Nicole Daoura: Kicker for Bothell High School in Bothell, WA. Became first woman to score point in a WIAA football game
  • 2014–present – Becca Longo, kicker who in 2017 became the first woman to earn a college football scholarship to an NCAA school at the Division II level or higher and signed a letter of intent with Adams State University.[23]
  • 2012–present – Kortney Cooper: First female to letter at East High School in Scioto County. Started playing lineman her fourth grade year. 2017, played defensive end and Special teams. Kortney continues her football career.
  • 2014 – Anastasia Hooker: First female in Indian River County, Florida to score a point or points in a High School Football game. During the Sharks JV team's October 9, 2014 game, Anastasia, No. 9, kicked a 24-yard field goal on her first attempt. She also was the 1st to score a varsity point by converting a PAT. The 17-year-old junior was named "Offensive Player of the Year" as a Freshman on the school's Varsity soccer team and plays travel soccer for the Brevard Soccer Alliance U-18 State Cup team.[24]
  • 2014 – Mary Kate Smith: Senior kicker for South Jones High School in Ellisville, Mississippi.[25][26][27][28] Later went on to play college soccer for the University of Southern Mississippi, Jones County Junior College, and the University of Mississippi.[29]
  • 2015 – Trevion Borders: In 2015, became the first female to play freshman football for Klein Oak high School in Houston, Texas.[30]
  • 2015 – Maya Ochoa: In 2015, played as a freshman wide receiver and safety at Creekview High School in Carrollton, Texas.[31]
  • 2015 – Evonnie Ramos: first Sophomore female to play JV football as a Left guard and special teams in Fort Stockton, Texas (Pecos County) 2015.[32]
  • 2015 – Anna Zerilli: Started kicking for Manchester-Essex High School, MA in 2015 and was the starting Varsity kicker for them. First female football player in North Shore and Cape Ann History and first female freshman to score in a Varsity game in American history. Currently playing Varsity football at Proctor Academy in New Hampshire. First New England female to sign to play college football. And will be kicking at Lake Forest College in Illinois next fall.[33][34][35][36]
  • 2015 – Eleanor Jones: Former Kicker for the Scappoose Indians in Oregon. In 2015, kicked for the Varsity team while simultaneously playing for the school's Women's Varsity Soccer team.[37]
  • 2015 – Kelly Macnamara joined the football team as a kicker during her sophomore year at North Penn High School, in 2015[38]
  • 2015 – Donna Kay Johnson, first female to play on the middle school team at Central Baldwin Middle (2015) where she played defensive end, defensive tackle . She is currently a sophomore at Robertsdale High Al where she is again the first female player and plays Defensive end and 1st team long snapper for JV .
  • 2015 – Savana Melton (Varsity Kicker-Sophomore,Junior,and Senior): North Little Rock, Arkansas, High School 7A – 2nd highest scorer 2015 (56 points); 2016 (89 points). 42 yard Field Goal at Conway High School 2016. First girl to play and score in a 7A State Championship game 2016. First female to be selected to All Arkansas Preps and ArkansasVarsity football teams 2016. Arkansas Activities Association Record Book: Consecutive Extra Points Career (leader with 68) and Miscellaneous – first female to play and score in a state championship game 2016. Leading scorer freshman through junior seasons in varsity soccer and selected to All Arkansas Preps for soccer 2016. All Conference in Soccer and Track.[39][40]
  • 2016 – Madeleine Northern: A freshman quarterback in 2016 at Badger High School in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin. In a pre-season practice, she dislocated her elbow, so she was unable to play for the majority of the season.[41][42]
  • 2017–present – Alexandria Buchanan, in 2017, became the first female to complete a high school touchdown pass in Hawaii.[43]
  • 2017 – Holly Neher: Gained notoriety in 2017 for being the first female in the state of Florida to throw a touchdown in a high school game, a feat she accomplished on her first pass play and third total play. The touchdown was a 42-yarder.[44][45] After starting the second game, Neher became the first girl to start a high school varsity football game at quarterback in the history of Broward County, Florida.[46] She is also believed to be the first female to do so in the entire state of Florida[47] and possibly in the United States.[48]
  • 2017 – Chris’tal Smith earned varsity playing time as both a running back and defensive player at Wolfson High School as a freshman in 2017.[49][50]
  • 2017 – Bree Smith-Cheeks, defensive line player in Maryland. Played in 2017.[51]
  • 2017 – Mackenzie Trotter: In 2017, as a sophomore, played safety at Wade Hampton Highschool in Greenville, South Carolina.[52]
  • 2017 – Alina Nawratil, a Junior Varsity wide receiver from Greenville, South Carolina, sophomore at Christ Church Episcopal School, became the first woman in the South Carolina High School League, scoring a touchdown in a JV high school football game (2017).
  • 2017 – Julia Knapp: She played kicker for the South Iredell (N.C.) Vikings in the 2017 football season and was crowned homecoming queen. She hit 46 of 48 PAT attempts and 7 of 10 field goal attempts (long of 36 yards) and was selected to the all-county football team.[53][54]
  • 2017 – K-Lani Nava, a senior at Strawn High School, kicked 9 extra points for a 78–42 win against Balmorhea High in the 17/18 fall season.[55][56]
  • 2017 – Riley Aamold, Freshman at Union High School, Full Back and Outside Linebacker, First female in the region's 4A football history to score a touchdown (32 yards).[57]
  • 2018 – Madi Martin, first female on her high school's varsity football team at Carroll High School in Southlake, Texas, in 2018. She played kicker in freshman year and sophomore year and is now playing cornerback and safety.[58]
  • 2018 – Kaylee Foster, in 2018, kicked the winning extra point for Ocean Springs Highschool in overtime after winning homecoming queen.[59][60]
  • 2018 – Sydney Baldwin: A sophomore kicker, first girl to play football for Division 5A J.L. Mann High School in Greenville, South Carolina. Starter on varsity team.
  • 2018 Mika Makekau: Placekicker for Iolani School in Honolulu, Hawaii. Set the state record for longest field goal (44 yards) by a female kicker.[61][62]
  • 2019 Molly Virtue: Linebacker and kicker for Taylor Allderdice Highschool in Pittsburgh, PA;[63] Breana Gerst" Kicker for West Allegheny HS In Pittsburgh

College

Almost all of the women who have played on predominantly male college and professional football teams have done so by playing either the placekicker or holder positions.[64] Both positions are rarely involved in the full contact present in American football.

Semi-professional

Players in traditional ("full pads") tackle football leagues
  • Malissa Miles: Wide receiver, Los Angeles Temptation, LFL (2016–present: Active Roster). Trained and coached ABC's The Bachelorette contestants in 2018 season. Founder of Miles Strong Youth Football Foundation, which specializes in teaching girls how to play football.
  • Mana Alison: Wide receiver, Carolina Phoenix (2014–present), California Quake (2012–2013). Played for Team Sweden at the 2013 IFAF Women's World Championship. Designer and founder of Breaking Boundaries Apparel.
  • Lakatriona "Bernice" Brunson: Lineman, linebacker, fullback, Miami Fury. First female high school head football coach in the state of Florida. Star of the reality TV show South Beach Tow.
  • Allison Cahill: Quarterback, Boston Renegades (WFA) (2003, 2005–present). First quarterback in history to amass 100 career victories playing exclusively in women's football leagues.[101]
  • Linda Caruso: Linebacker, Mass Mutiny (2002–2007). Contestant on ABC's The Benefactor.
  • Carole Duffy: Running back, Pittsburgh Powderkegs (1969–1971). Third of four women inducted into the American Football Association Hall of Fame.[102]
  • Sami Grisafe: Quarterback, Chicago Force (2007–present). 2013 WFA National Champion and game MVP. Two-time gold medalist for Team USA in the 2010 and 2013 IFAF Women's World Championship. Musician and songwriter.
  • Rae Hodge: Kicker/wide receiver, Pittsburgh Powderkegs (1971). One of the first two women inducted into the American Football Association Hall of Fame.[102]
  • Linda Jefferson: Running back, Toledo Troopers (1972–1979). One of only four women inducted into the American Football Association Hall of Fame.[102] Named the 1975 Athlete of the Year by womenSports, the first magazine dedicated exclusively to covering women in sports. Seven-time national champion (WPFL, NWFL); posted five consecutive 1,000-yard seasons rushing.[103]
  • Anita Marks: Quarterback, Miami Fury (2000–2002), Florida Stingrays (2003). Television and radio sports reporter/commentator.[104]
  • Yekaterina Pashkevich: Running back, New Hampshire Freedom (2002–2006) and Boston Rampage (2007). A charter member of Russia's first women's national hockey team. Olympian for Russian Federation women's hockey team (2002, 2006, 2014).[105]
  • Barbara Patton: Linebacker, Los Angeles Dandelions (1973–1975). Mother of NFL linebacker Marvcus Patton.[106]
  • Natalie Randolph: Wide receiver, DC Divas (2004–2008). Became third ever female head coach a boys' high school football team in 2010. Recipient of the Women of Distinction Award from the American Association of University Women in 2011.
  • Sarah Schkeeper: Offensive guard, New York Sharks, Richmond Black Widows (2009–present). Gold medalist for Team USA 2013 IFAF Women's World Championship. Founder of Richmond Black Widows football club.
  • Jenny Schmidt: Quarterback, Kansas City Tribe. 2009 IWFL World Champion. Gold medalist for Team USA 2010 IFAF Women's World Championship.
  • Josie Smith-Malave: Defensive line, New York Sharks (2001–2002). Contestant on Top Chef Season 2 and Season 10.
  • Lei'D Tapa: Linebacker, Carolina Queens (2007–2009). Professional wrestler and model.
  • Donna Wilkinson: Running back/tight end, D.C. Divas (2001–present), Los Angeles Amazons (2000). In 2003, became first woman in modern era to rush for over 1,000 yards in an eight-game regular season. Two-time gold medalist for Team USA (2010, 2013).[107]
  • Alissa Wykes: Running back, Philadelphia Liberty Belles. NWFA MVP in 2001. Came out as a lesbian in December/January 2002 edition of Sports Illustrated for Women.
  • Whitney Zelee: Running back, Boston Militia/Renegades (2011–present). In 2013, eclipsed the 2,000-yard benchmark and set a new record of 2,128 rushing yards over an eight-game season, earning her conference MVP honors.[108] Holds WFA record for most touchdowns in one game (8 vs D.C. Divas on May 18, 2013). Two-time WFA National Champion and game MVP (2011, 2014).

Other notable women in football

Coaches
  • Paralee Adams: Coach Adams, in 1978, with the Columbus Pacesetters Women's Football Team acknowledged to be "the first female football coach in America." (source: HomeTeamsONLINE - Websites, Stats, Registration & Schedule Tools for Sports Management
  • Lakatriona Brunson: first female coach in the state of Florida, head coach of Miami Jackson High School football team.
  • M.D. Ferguson: first women's high school football coach State of Ohio (2001) in Columbus City League. Currently Assistant Coach with Grove City Christian High School (2017, 2018, 2019). Also, experience as an assistant football coach with Linden McKinley High School. (source: www.columbuscomets.org)
  • Marjorie Herrera Lewis: coached defensive backs at Texas Wesleyan University in 2017, making her the only female college football coach at any level that year.[109]
  • Kathryn Smith: first full-time female NFL coach (Special Teams Quality Control Coach, Buffalo Bills, 2016).
  • Katie Sowers: second full-time female NFL coach (Seasonal Offensive Assistant, San Francisco 49ers, 2017–). First openly LGBT NFL coach; first female coach to reach the Super Bowl. She previously was an Assistant Coaching Intern for the 49ers and the Atlanta Falcons.[110]
  • Mikki St.Germain: first women Head Coach to win a Youth Championship - 2015 SOC Patriots, Midget Division, OC Junior All America. Head Coach All-Conference Team, OCJAAF 2015 - Currently Special Teams Coordinator at Dana Hills Highs School, 2019,2020
  • Jennifer Stango: first Female High School Football Coach in State of Connecticut(2012)[111]
  • Jennifer Welter: first female assistant coach in the National Football League (Assistant Coaching Intern, Arizona Cardinals, 2015)[112]

Commentators

Front office staff

Owners

On a per capita basis, women have somewhat greater representation in professional football's ownership than in other fields; this is in part due to widows, sisters and daughters of deceased owners receiving NFL teams as part of an inheritance.

Referees
  • Shannon Eastin: First woman to officiate an NFL game (2012)
  • Sarah Thomas: First permanent game official in professional football (UFL 2009, NFL 2015)

Fictional

As an additional supplement to the list, noteworthy fictional appearances of women in football are provided.

  • Shannon Beiste, head football coach fictional McKinley High School: played by Dot-Marie Jones on the television series Glee
  • Bella Dawson, quarterback fictional West Silverado Middle School Bulldogs: played by Brec Bassinger in the television series Bella and the Bulldogs
  • Lucy Draper, placekicker fictional Texas State Armadillos: played by Kathy Ireland in the 1991 film Necessary Roughness
  • Emily Durabo, tight end in the fictional Tennessee Coastal League in the multimedia story 17776
  • Dizzy Flores, quarterback in SciFi movie Starship Troopers: played by Dina Meyer
  • Molly McGrath, head football coach fictional Prescott High School Wildcats: played by Goldie Hawn in the 1986 film Wildcats
  • Nancy McGunnel, running back who plays for Wyoming in the multimedia story 17776
  • Christina Pagniacci, owner fictional Miami Sharks: played by Cameron Diaz in the 1999 film Any Given Sunday
  • Becky "Icebox" O'Shea, main character in comedy film "Little Giants": played by Shawna Waldron
  • Doris Sherman, owner of fictional Orlando Breakers: played by Katherine Helmond on the television series Coach.

See also

References
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