NCAA Division II

NCAA Division II (D-II) is an intermediate-level division of competition in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). It offers an alternative to both the larger and better-funded Division I and to the scholarship-free environment offered in Division III.

NCAA Division II logo
NCAA divisions
Division I Division II Division III

Before 1973, the NCAA's smaller schools were grouped together in the College Division. In 1973, the College Division split in two when the NCAA began using numeric designations for its competitions. The College Division members who wanted to offer athletic scholarships or compete against those who did became Division II, while those who chose not to offer athletic scholarships became Division III.

Nationally, ESPN televises the championship game in football, CBS televises the men's basketball championship, and ESPN2 televises the women's basketball championship. Stadium broadcasts six football games on Thursdays during the regular season, and one men's basketball game per week on Saturdays during that sport's regular season.

The official slogan of NCAA Division II, implemented in 2015, is "Make It Yours." [1]

Membership

There are currently 300 full and 20 provisional members of Division II with seven institutions moving to full membership in September 2015.[2] Division II schools tend to be smaller public universities and many private institutions. A large minority of Division II institutions (133 schools / 42%) have fewer than 2,499 students. Only 12 institutions have more than 15,000 undergraduates, and only UC San Diego (which is set to move to Division I in 2020) and Simon Fraser University have more than 25,000. Division II has a diverse membership, with two active member institutions in Alaska and four in Hawaii. Additionally, it is the only division that has member institutions in Puerto Rico and the only division that has expanded its membership to include an international member institution. Simon Fraser University became the first institution outside the US to enter the NCAA membership process. This occurred after the Division II Membership Committee accepted the institution's application during a July 7–9 meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana. Simon Fraser, located in the Vancouver suburb of Burnaby, British Columbia, began a two-year candidacy period September 1, 2009. Prospective members also must complete at least one year of provisional status before being accepted as full-time Division II members. In the fall of 2012, the NCAA President's Council officially approved Simon Fraser University as the organization's first international member.[3] In April 2017, the NCAA made permanent the pilot program under which Simon Fraser was admitted to the NCAA,[4] allowing each division to determine whether to allow Canadian or Mexican schools to join.[5] In January 2018, Division II became the first NCAA division to officially allow Mexican schools to apply for membership, provided that they meet the same standards as US-based D-II members, including US regional accreditation.[5] The Mexican school CETYS, which is fully accredited in both countries, is seeking to join the NCAA with the backing of the California Collegiate Athletic Association.[4] At this time, CETYS had men's and women's basketball, men's and women's volleyball, baseball, softball, men's soccer, cheerleading and football.[6] Because their football team carries a larger roster than most sports, this may require the university to field six women's teams and four men's team in order to meet the equal gender balance requirement (they were also looking to add a track and field team for men).[6]

Overview

Men's team sports
Number Sport Teams[7] Conferences Scholarships
per team		 Season Most Championships
1 Football 163 16 36.0 Fall Northwest Missouri State (6)
2 Basketball 312 24 10.0 Winter Kentucky Wesleyan (8)
3 Baseball 264 24 9.0 Spring Florida Southern (9)
4 Soccer 215 24 9.0 Fall Southern Connecticut State University (6)
5 Lacrosse 75 24 10.8 Spring Adelphi (7)
6 Volleyball[lower-alpha 1] 25 5[lower-alpha 2] 4.5 Spring UCLA (19)
7 Water polo[lower-alpha 1] 8 4 4.5 Fall California (13)
Notes
  1. Championships are combined with Division I.
  2. As of the upcoming 2021 season (2020–21 school year), 6 conferences in all sponsor men's volleyball at the National Collegiate (Divisions I and II) level. Of these conferences, one consists entirely of D-I members and thus is not included in the count of 5. Three conferences consist of a mix of D-I and D-II members, and two consist solely of D-II members.

Sports are ranked according to total possible scholarships (number of teams x number of scholarships per team). Since all Division II sports are considered equivalency sports (as opposed to the "head-count" status of several Division I sports: men's and women's basketball, FBS football, women's gymnastics, women's tennis, women's [indoor] volleyball), all scholarship numbers are indicated with a decimal point, with a trailing zero if needed.

Men's individual sports
No. Sport Teams[7] Athletes[8] Season
1 Track (outdoor) 225 7,555 Spring
2 Track (indoor) 176 6,289 Winter
3 Cross country 281 3,640 Fall
4 Swimming & diving 77 1,619 Winter
5 Golf 224 2,353 Spring
6 Tennis 161 1,617 Spring
7 Wrestling 64 1,884 Winter

Women's team sports
No. Sport Teams[7] Conferences Scholarships
per team		 Season Most Championships
1 Basketball 313 24 10.0 Winter Cal Poly Pomona and North Dakota State (5)
2 Soccer 266 24 9.9 Fall Grand Valley State and Franklin Pierce (5)
3 Volleyball 300 24 8.0 Fall Concordia St. Paul (8)
4 Softball 291 24 7.2 Spring Cal State Northridge (4)
5 Lacrosse 114 24 9.9 Spring Adelphi (8)
6 Rowing 16 24 20.0 Spring Western Washington (8)
7 Field Hockey 36 24 6.3 Fall Bloomsburg (13)
8 Water Polo* 13 6 8.0 Spring UCLA (7)

* Championships are combined with D-I

Women's individual sports
No. Sport Teams[7] Athletes[8] Season
1 Track (outdoor) 256 7,530 Spring
2 Track (indoor) 203 6,088 Winter
3 Cross country 304 3,829 Fall
4 Swimming & diving 105 2,101 Winter
5 Golf 200 1,547 Spring
6 Tennis 222 1,901 Spring
7 Gymnastics 6 148 Winter

National Championships Festival

Another feature unique to Division II is what the NCAA calls the "National Championships Festival"—an annual event, explicitly modeled after the Olympics, in which a single city hosts national championship finals in multiple sports over a period of several days. Each festival has formal opening and closing ceremonies, and competitors are housed in a centrally located hotel, allowing a village-like experience. The first such festival was held in Orlando, Florida in 2004 for spring sports. It became an annual event in the 2006–07 school year, and has been held each school year since with the exception of 2009–10. Since the current annual cycle began in 2006–07, the event has rotated between featuring fall, spring, and winter sports, in that order (the cycling was not interrupted by the one-year hiatus).[9]

Requirements

Division II institutions have to sponsor at least five sports for men and five for women (or four for men and six for women), with two team sports for each sex, and each playing season represented by each sex. Teams that consist of both men and women are counted as men's teams for sports sponsorship purposes.[10] There are contest and participant minimums for each sport,[11] as well as scheduling criteria—football and men's and women's basketball teams must play at least 50 percent of their games against Division II or Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) or Football Championship Subdivision (formerly Division I-AA) opponents. For sports other than football and basketball there are no scheduling requirements, as long as each contest involves full varsity teams. The only NCAA sport in which contests against club teams can count toward a team's contest minimum is women's rugby, in which two such contests per school year can be counted.[12] There are not attendance requirements for football, nor arena size requirements for basketball. There are maximum financial aid awards for each sport, as well as a separate limit on financial aid awards in men's sports, that a Division II school must not exceed. Division II teams usually feature a number of local or in-state student-athletes. Many Division II student-athletes pay for school through a combination of scholarship money, grants, student loans and employment earnings. Division II athletics programs are financed in the institution's budget like other academic departments on campus. Traditional rivalries with regional institutions dominate schedules of many Division II athletics programs.[13]

Athletic scholarships are offered in most sponsored sports at most institutions, but with more stringent limits as to the numbers offered in any one sport than at the Division I level. For example, Division II schools may give financial aid in football equivalent to 36 full scholarships (whereas each school in Division I FBS, the highest level, is allowed 85 individuals receiving financial aid for football), although some Division II conferences limit the number of scholarships to a lower level. Division II scholarship programs are frequently the recipients of student-athletes transferring from Division I schools; a transfer student does not have to sit out a year before resuming sports participation as would usually be the case in the event of transferring from one Division I institution to another. Several exceptions to this rule currently exist, of which three are the most significant. First, football players transferring from a Division I FBS school to a Division I FCS school do not have to sit out a year, provided that the player has at least two remaining seasons of athletic eligibility. The same also applies to players transferring from scholarship-granting FCS schools to non-scholarship FCS schools.[14][lower-alpha 1] Second, in sports other than football, baseball, men's and women's basketball, and men's ice hockey, a first-time transfer does not have to sit out a year, provided that the player's former institution grants a scholarship release.[14] Additionally, student-athletes in any sport who complete a bachelor's degree and still have athletic eligibility remaining can transfer to another school and be immediately eligible, provided that they enroll in a graduate or professional degree program at the new institution. There are also some restrictions with transferring to another school for the same sport in the same conference.[15]

Conferences competing in Division II

^ Conferences that sponsor football

The newest D-II conference is the Mountain East Conference, formed in 2012 after the football-sponsoring schools in the West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (WVIAC) announced that they would leave to form a new league,[16][17] a move that led to the demise of the WVIAC. The Mountain East was approved by the NCAA Division II Membership Committee in February 2013, and became an official conference on September 1 of that year.[18]

The most recent change to the roster of D-II conferences was the demise of the Heartland Conference at the end of the 2018–19 school year. In August 2017, eight of its nine members announced a mass exodus to the Lone Star Conference.[19] The remaining Heartland member, Newman University, announced in February 2018 that it would become a de facto member of the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association at that time. Newman technically became an associate member because it does not sponsor football, a mandatory sport for full MIAA members, but now houses all of its varsity sports in that league.[20] One of the eight schools that originally announced a move to the LSC, Rogers State University, later changed course and instead chose to follow Newman into de facto MIAA membership (like Newman, and indeed all other Heartland members, Rogers State does not sponsor football).[21]

Independents

Scholarship limits by sport

The NCAA imposes limits on the total financial aid each Division II member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. All Division II sports are classified as "equivalency" sports, meaning that the NCAA restricts the total financial aid that a school can offer in a given sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships.[22] This differs from Division I, in which some sports are "head-count" sports in which the NCAA limits the total number of individuals who can receive athletic aid. In another practice that differs from Division I, Division II members are limited to a combined total of 60 scholarship equivalents for men's sports apart from football and basketball.[23]

Scholarship limits in bold are identical to those for Division I members in the same sport for the same sex. Most, but not all, of these sports have a single championship open to schools from all divisions (for example bowling and rifle), or a combined Division I/II national championship and a separate Division III championship (as in women's ice hockey and men's volleyball). Examples of sports with identical scholarship numbers in the two divisions, but separate national championships for each, include men's cross-country and women's rowing.

In sports that conduct "National Collegiate" championships open to schools from multiple divisions, Division II schools are allowed to award the same number of scholarships as Division I members.[24] If the Division I scholarship limit is higher than the Division II limit, the D-II member must annually file a declaration of intent to compete under Division I rules with the NCAA prior to June 1.[25]

Additionally, if the NCAA sponsors a Division I championship but not a Division II championship in a given sport, D-II members are allowed to compete in the D-I championship,[26] and are also allowed to operate under D-I scholarship limits.[27] An example of this situation can be seen in men's ice hockey, which has not had a Division II championship in the 21st century. Several schools in the Northeast-10 Conference, plus independent Post University (which has a scheduling agreement with that league), compete under Division II scholarship limits; other Division II schools with programs in that sport choose to play as Division I programs under the higher Division I scholarship limits.

Rifle is classified by the NCAA as a men's sport, but allows competitors of both sexes.

Sport Men's Women's
Baseball9.0-
Basketball10.010.0
Beach volleyball-5.0
Bowling-5.0
Cross-country/track & field12.6[s 1]12.6[s 2]
Equestrian-15.0
Fencing4.54.5
Field hockey-6.3
Football36.0-
Golf3.65.4
Gymnastics5.46.0
Ice hockey13.518.0
Lacrosse10.89.9
Rifle3.6-
Rowing-20.0
Rugby-12.0
Skiing6.36.3
Soccer9.09.9
Softball-7.2
Swimming and diving8.18.1
Tennis4.56.0
Triathlon-5.0
Volleyball4.58.0
Water polo4.58.0
Wrestling9.0-
Notes
  1. Schools that do not sponsor men's indoor or outdoor track, but do sponsor men's cross-country, are allowed 5.0 equivalents.[28]
  2. Schools that do not sponsor women's indoor or outdoor track, but do sponsor women's cross-country, are allowed 6.0 equivalents.[28]

Interaction with other divisions

The NCAA does not strictly prevent its member institutions from playing outside of their own division, or indeed playing against schools that are not members of the NCAA, but it is discouraged in many sports.

NAIA

Many Division II schools frequently schedule matches against members of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), which consists of colleges and universities across the United States and Canada that promote competitive and character-based athletics that is controlled by its membership, as opposed to the NCAA that serves as a regulating body.

Division I

Division II schools also frequently schedule "money games", usually in football and men's basketball, against Division I schools.

In football, D-II teams once occasionally played games against schools that are now in Division I FBS, but this practice has ended because under current NCAA rules, FBS schools cannot use victories over schools below FCS level for establishing bowl eligibility. Today, D-II "money games" are exclusively against FCS schools, whose postseason eligibility is less seriously impacted by scheduling a D-II opponent. In basketball, where conference tournaments play a large role in determining postseason participants, D-I schools have less of a penalty for scheduling an occasional D-II opponent, resulting in more "money games".

In any event, the D-II school is almost invariably the visiting team, and is invited to play with knowledge that it will likely be defeated but will receive a substantial (at least by Division II standards) monetary reward which will help to finance much of the rest of the season and perhaps other sports as well. Such games are funded by Division I schools which can afford such games.

In recent years, "money games" in men's basketball have also included preseason exhibitions against D-I programs, typically in the same region, that do not count in official statistics for either team. Under NCAA rules, Division I teams are allowed to play two exhibition games in a season, and must host these games.[29]

The University of Kansas helps the state's four Division II members by rotating them onto the Jayhawks' exhibition schedule annually. Milwaukee, which has been a Division I member since 1990, has continued its series with their former Division II rival Wisconsin-Parkside as part of their exhibition schedule.

When these exhibition games do happen, there are times when the Division II team does win, and against a well-respected Division I program. In 2009, a Division II team beat the eventual Big East regular season champion.[30] In 2010, two other Division II teams beat teams that reached the NCAA Division I tournament.[30] In 2011, another Division II team defeated a Division I team that finished in the top half of the Pac-12 Conference. In 2012, another Division II team beat[30] eventual Atlantic Coast Conference regular-season and tournament champion Miami.[31]

Also in basketball, one of the best-known early-season tournaments for D-I men's teams, the Maui Invitational, is hosted by D-II member Chaminade. Through the 2017 edition, Chaminade competed in every tournament, but now competes only in odd-numbered years. The now-defunct Great Alaska Shootout, which had men's and women's tournaments, was also hosted by a D-II member, namely Alaska–Anchorage. Chaminade typically loses all games it plays in Maui; Alaska–Anchorage also typically lost all of its men's Shootout games, but was frequently competitive in the women's version.

Non-revenue sports competition

Matches between the different collegiate divisions in non-revenue sports are often quite competitive. Indeed, in some sports, among them ice hockey and men's volleyball, there is no Division II national championship. In hockey, many schools whose athletic programs are otherwise Division II compete in Division I, and men's volleyball has a truncated divisional structure with a Division III championship but no Division II championship (as opposed to the NAIA, which fully includes men's volleyball in its divisional structure). In any sport that does not have a Division II national championship, Division II members are allowed to award the same number of scholarships as Division I members.

An earlier example is that at least during the 1970s, NCAA golf tournaments in California were usually played with Division I and Division II schools competing together in one group. Sometimes, Division II schools won those tournaments. Additionally, matches involving two or four schools were common among schools from these two divisions.

See also

Footnotes
  1. Most FCS members award football scholarships, but the following programs do not award football scholarships:
    • Members of the Ivy League, which prohibits its members from awarding athletic scholarships in any sport.
    • Members of the Pioneer Football League, a football-only league that also bans athletic scholarships (though only in that sport).
    • Georgetown, which chose to remain a non-scholarship football program after its football home of the Patriot League began allowing football scholarships in 2013.

References
  1. smeyers@ncaa.org (2015-07-08). "Division II begins rollout of 'Make It Yours' logo". NCAA.org - The Official Site of the NCAA. Retrieved 2017-03-27.
  2. "Division II Facts and Figures". NCAA.org. Retrieved 2015-07-09.
  3. "NCAA makes it official: SFU is admitted as first Canadian member" (Press release). Simon Fraser University. 2012-08-10. Retrieved 2013-08-17.
  4. Tracy, Marc (May 1, 2017). "Looking to Cross the Border From Mexico, Into the N.C.A.A." The New York Times. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
  5. "Division II votes to permit membership applications from schools in Mexico" (Press release). NCAA. January 20, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
  6. "NCAA allows Mexican institutions to join Division II, with one aiming to be first". Retrieved 2018-09-14.
  7. "Composition and sport sponsorship of the NCAA membership". NCAA. September 1, 2019. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  8. "NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Report: 1981-82 – 2018-19" (PDF). NCAA. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  9. "National Championships Festivals". NCAA. Retrieved March 24, 2019.
  10. "Bylaw 20.10.3 Sports Sponsorship" (PDF). 2017–18 NCAA Division II Manual. p. 316. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  11. "Bylaw 20.10.3.3 Minimum Contests and Participants Requirements for Sports Sponsorship" (PDF). 2017–18 NCAA Division II Manual. pp. 317–19. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  12. "Bylaw 20.10.3.3.7.1 Exception—Women's Rugby" (PDF). 2017–18 NCAA Division II Manual. p. 318. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  13. "Divisional Differences and the History of Multidivision Classification | NCAA.org - The Official Site of the NCAA". NCAA.org. Retrieved 2015-07-09.
  14. "Bylaw 14.5.5.2.10: Transfer Regulations, One-Time Transfer Exception" (PDF). 2016–17 NCAA Division I Manual. NCAA. p. 170. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
  15. "Bylaw 14.6.1: Graduate Student/Postbaccalaureate Participation, One-Time Transfer Exception" (PDF). 2016–17 NCAA Division I Manual. NCAA. p. 173. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
  16. "UVa–Wise Accepts Charter Membership in Mountain East Conference". Hazard, KY: WYMT-TV. August 20, 2012. Archived from the original on August 21, 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
  17. Rine, Shawn (August 20, 2012). "Cards, Toppers Set To Jump Into New League". The Intelligencer & Wheeling News Register. Wheeling, WV. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
  18. "NCAA Adds Mountain East Conference As Newest DIvision II League" (Press release). Mountain East Conference. February 15, 2013. Retrieved July 7, 2013.
  19. "Lone Star Conference to Add Eight Schools in 2019" (Press release). Lone Star Conference. August 30, 2017. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
  20. "Newman To Compete In MIAA As Associate Member In 2019-20" (Press release). Newman University Athletics. February 8, 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
  21. "Hillcats to join MIAA Conference for 2019-2020 season" (Press release). Rogers State Hillcats. October 18, 2018. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
  22. "Bylaw 15.4.2 Equivalency Sports" (PDF). 2016–17 NCAA Division II Manual. NCAA. pp. 165–66. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
  23. "Bylaw 15.4.2.1.1.1 Overall Limit" (PDF). 2016–17 NCAA Division II Manual. NCAA. p. 166. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
  24. "Bylaw 20.7.1.1 Maximum Awards Exception" (PDF). 2016–17 NCAA Division II Manual. NCAA. p. 298. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
  25. "Bylaw 20.7.1.1.1 Declaration of Intent to be Exempt" (PDF). 2016–17 NCAA Division II Manual. NCAA. p. 298. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
  26. "Bylaw 20.7.2 Options When No Division II Championship Is Conducted" (PDF). 2016–17 NCAA Division II Manual. NCAA. p. 298. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
  27. "Bylaw 20.7.2.1 Participation in Division I Championship" (PDF). 2016–17 NCAA Division II Manual. NCAA. p. 298. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
  28. "Bylaw 15.4.2.1.4 Maximum Equivalency Limits—Institutions That Sponsor Cross Country but Do Not Sponsor Track and Field" (PDF). 2016–17 NCAA Division II Manual. NCAA. p. 166. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
  29. Bolen, Erin (June 17, 2011). "Missouri State men's basketball to play Missouri Southern in exhibition". Springfield News-Leader. Springfield, Missouri. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  30. "Is Miami's exhibition loss to Division II St. Leo an aberration or an omen?". Yahoo Sports. 5 November 2012.
  31. "Miami (FL) Hurricanes Basketball 2013-14 Schedule - Hurricanes Home and Away - ESPN". Espn.go.com. Retrieved 2013-08-17.
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