List of genetic codes
While there is much commonality, different parts of the tree of life use slightly different genetic codes.[1][2] Notably the mitochondrial codes vary.
When translating from genome to protein, the use of the correct genetic code is essential.
- Translation table 1: The standard code
- Translation table 2: The vertebrate mitochondrial code
- Translation table 3: The yeast mitochondrial code
- Translation table 4: The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code
- Translation table 5: The invertebrate mitochondrial code
- Translation table 6: The ciliate, dasycladacean and hexamita nuclear code
- Translation table 7: The kinetoplast code; cf. table 4.
- Translation table 8: cf. table 1.
- Translation table 9: The echinoderm and flatworm mitochondrial code
- Translation table 10: The euplotid nuclear code
- Translation table 11: The bacterial, archaeal and plant plastid code
- Translation table 12: The alternative yeast nuclear code
- Translation table 13: The ascidian mitochondrial code
- Translation table 14: The alternative flatworm mitochondrial code
- Translation table 15: The Blepharisma nuclear code[3][4]
- Translation table 16: The chlorophycean mitochondrial code
- Translation table 21: The trematode mitochondrial code
- Translation table 22: The Scenedesmus obliquus mitochondrial code
- Translation table 23: The Thraustochytrium mitochondrial code
- Translation table 24: The Pterobranchia mitochondrial code
- Translation table 25: The candidate division SR1 and gracilibacteria code
- Translation table 26: The Pachysolen tannophilus nuclear code
- Translation table 27: The karyorelict nuclear code
- Translation table 28: The Condylostoma nuclear code
- Translation table 29: The Mesodinium nuclear code
- Translation table 30: The peritrich nuclear code
- Translation table 31: The Blastocrithidia nuclear code
- Translation table 33: The Cephalodiscidae mitochondrial code
The alternative translation tables (2 to 33) involve codon reassignments that are recapitulated in the list of all known alternative codons.
Notes
Three translation tables have a peculiar status:
- Table 7 is now merged into translation table 4.
- Table 8 is merged to table 1; all plant chloroplast differences due to RNA edit.
- Table 15 is deleted in the source but included here for completeness.
Other mechanisms also play a part in protein biosynthesis, such as post-transcriptional modification.
References
- Elzanowski, Andrzej; Jim Ostell (7 July 2010). "The Genetic Codes". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
- Watanabe, Kimitsuna; Suzuki, Tsutomu (2001). "Genetic Code and its Variants". Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. doi:10.1038/npg.els.0000810. ISBN 047001590X.
- "NCBI Taxonomy Homepage".
- "The Genetic Codes".
External links
- Stefanie Gabriele Sammet; Ugo Bastolla & Markus Porto (14 June 2010). "Comparison of translation loads for standard and alternative genetic codes". BMC Evol Biol. 10 (178): 178. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-178. PMC 2909233. PMID 20546599.
- Liliana Torcoroma García; Ney Ribeiro Leite; Juan D Alfonzo; Otavio Henrique Thiemann (31 July 2007). "Effects of Trypanosoma brucei tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases silencing by RNA interference". Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro. 102 (6).CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
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