List of historical capitals of Egypt

The current capital of Egypt is Cairo. Over the course of history, however, Egypt's capital has changed.

List of Egyptian capitals
  • Memphis: (2950 BC – 2180 BC) – I – VIII dynasties
  • Herakleopolis Magna: (2180 BC – 2060 BC) – IX and X dynasties
  • Thebes: (2135 BC – 1985 BC) – XI dynasty
  • Itjtawy: (1985 BC – c.1700 BC) – XII dynasty to XIII dynasty before Merneferre Ay
  • Avaris: (1715 BC – 1580 BC) – XIV dynasty to XV dynasty (Hyksos)
  • Thebes: (c.1700 BC – c. 1353 BC) – XIII dynasty possibly starting from Merneferre Ay, then XVI dynasty to XVIII dynasty before Akhenaten
  • Akhetaten: (c. 1353 BC – c. 1332 BC) – Akhenaten of XVIII dynasty
  • Thebes: (c. 1332 BC – 1279 BC) – XVIII dynasty and XIX dynasty until Seti I
  • Pi-Ramesses: (1279 BC – 1078 BC) – XIX dynasty starting from Ramesses II and XX dynasty
  • Tanis: (1078 BC – 945 BC) – XXI dynasty
  • Bubastis/Tanis: (945 BC – 715 BC) – XXII dynasty
  • Leontopolis/Thebes: (818 BC – 715 BC) – XXIII dynasty
  • Sais: (725 BC – 715 BC) – XXIV dynasty
  • Napata/Memphis (715 BC – 664 BC): The Kushite XXV dynasty rulers were based in Napata, Sudan but ruled Egypt from Memphis
  • Sais: (664 BC – 525 BC) – XXVI dynasty

XXVII dynasty was Persian.

  • Sais: (404 BC – 399 BC) – XXVIII dynasty
  • Mendes: (399 BC – 380 BC) – XXIX dynasty
  • Sebennytos: (380 BC – 343 BC) – XXX dynasty

XXXI dynasty was Greek/Roman.

  • Alexandria: (332 BC – 641 AD) – Greco-Roman period

Muslim period:

See also
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