List of ice cores

This is a list of ice cores drilled for scientific purposes. Note that many of these locations are on moving ice sheets, and the latitude and longitude given is as of the date of drilling.

Africa
Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Lewis Glacier 1, Kenya University of East Anglia 0°9′S 37°18′E 4880 1975 6 [1]
Lewis Glacier 1, Kenya University of East Anglia 0°10′S 37°19′E 4880 1977 11 [1]
Lewis Glacier 1, Kenya IPS 0°10′S 37°19′E c. 4980 1978 13 [2][1]
Lewis Glacier 2, Kenya IPS 0°10′S 37°19′E c. 4980 1978 12 [2][1]
NIF1 (Northern Ice Field, Kilimandjaro, Tanzania) Ohio State University 3°04′S 37°21′E c. 5893 2000 50.9
NIF2 (Northern Ice Field, Kilimandjaro, Tanzania) Ohio State University 3°04′S 37°21′E c. 5893 2000 50.8
NIF3 (Northern Ice Field, Kilimandjaro, Tanzania) Ohio State University 3°04′S 37°21′E c. 5893 2000 49.0
FWG (Furtwängler Glacier, Kilimandjaro, Tanzania) Ohio State University 3°04′S 37°21′E c. 5893 2000 9.5
SIF1 (Southern Ice Field, Kilimandjaro, Tanzania) Ohio State University 3°04′S 37°21′E c. 5893 2000 18.5
SIF2 (Southern Ice Field, Kilimandjaro, Tanzania) Ohio State University 3°04′S 37°21′E c. 5893 2000 22.3

Antarctica
Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Maudheim NBSAE 71°3′S 10°56′E 38 1950-1951 100 [3]
Mirny SAE 66°33′S 93°1′E 1957 67 [4][5][note 1]
Mirny SAE c. 200 1957 371 [6][4][note 2]
Wilkes S-2 IPS/AINA 66°31′S 112°13′E 1139 1957 61 [7]
Mirny SAE 1958 100 [4][note 1][note 3]
Byrd SIPRE 80°01′S 119°31′W 1543 1958 308 [8]
Byrd SIPRE 80°0′S 120°0′W 1524 1958 49 [7]
Little America V SIPRE 78°2′S 162°45′W 43 1958 264 [9][10][7]
Little America V SIPRE 78°11′S 162°10′W 42 1958 18 [9][10][7]
Byrd and Marie Byrd Traverse IPS various various 1958-1959 c. 10 [7][note 4]
Byrd and Marie Byrd Traverse IPS various various 1958-1959 20 [7][note 5]
Pit 4 AINA/University of Michigan c. 78°34′S 163°57′W 20 1959 22 [7]
Pit 5 AINA/University of Michigan c. 78°34′S 163°57′W 25 1959 19 [7]
Mirny SAE 66°33′S 93°1′E 1960-1961 [5]
Base Roi Baudoin EAB 70°26′S 24°19′E 39 1961 116 [11]
Ski-Hi (Eights) IPS 75°15′S 77°7′W 452 1961 21 [7]
Eight Station IPS 75°15′S 77°7′W 452 1961-1962 22 [7]
C-Site IPS 75°0′S 73°0′W 1961-1962 8 [7]
M796 IPS 74°27′S 67°8′W 2150 1962 25 [7]
Whitmore Mountains Traverse IPS various various 1962-1963 10 [7][note 6]
P64A EAB 71°58′S 24°19′E 1500 1964 10 [11]
P64B EAB 71°58′S 24°19′E 1500 1964 10 [11]
M185 EAB 86°45′S 58°36′E 3110 1964 11 [11]
M275 EAB 86°38′S 30°36′E 2860 1964 12 [11]
M370 EAB 85°46′S 8°42′E 2690 1964 11 [11]
Pionerskaya EPF 69°44′S 95°31′E 2740 1964 10 [12]
Pionerskaya EPF 69°44′S 95°31′E 2740 1964 7 [12]
G1 EPF 66°41′S 139°55′E 86 1964-1966 98 [12]
A3 EPF 66°43′S 139°54′E 220 1964-1966 106 [12]
G2 EPF 66°42′S 139°55′E 112 1964-1966 106 [12]
M415 EAB 85°10′S 1°36′E 2630 1965 12 [11]
M496 EAB 84°58′S 17°54′E 2680 1965 10 [11]
M620 EAB 84°10′S 37°36′E 3170 1965 10 [11]
Mirny SAE 66°33′S 93°1′E 1965-1966 [13][note 7]
M363 EAB 82°0′S 9°35′E 2510 1966 10 [11]
M455 EAB 81°30′S 20°30′E 2870 1966 10 [11]
Plateau IPS 79°15′S 40°30′E 3624 1966-1967 71 [7]
Byrd CRREL 80°0′S 120°0′W 1524 1966-1967 35 [7]
Byrd CRREL 80°0′S 120°0′W 1524 1966-1967 35 [7]
Byrd CRREL 80°01′S 119°31′W 1543 1966–1968 2164 [14][15][16][17]
M248 EAB 78°19′S 23°22′E 3360 1967 10 [11]
Byrd CRREL 80°0′S 120°0′W 1524 1967-1968 57 [7][note 8]
Byrd CRREL 80°0′S 120°0′W 1524 1967-1968 335 [7]
M500 EAB 76°22′S 9°32′E 3230 1968 10 [11]
M750 EAB 77°53′S 1°55′W 2540 1968 9 [11]
Amery Ice Shelf G1 ANARE c. 69°0′S 71°0′E c. 50 1968 310 [18]
Syowa to South Pole traverse JARE various c. 40 to 2912 1968-1969 10 [19][note 9]
Byrd Station University of Bern 80°01′S 119°31′W 1543 1969 400 [8][20]
Cape Folger SGA ANARE c. 66°8′S 110°55′E 375 1969 324 [21][18]
Law Dome SGD ANARE c. 66°39′S 112°50′E 1390 1969 385 [22][18]
Mirny SAE 67°0′S 93°30′E c. 1000 1969 250 [13][6][note 10]
Penta 3 SAE/EPF 74°1′S 97°22′E c. 3400 1969 7 [6]
Penta 4 SAE/EPF c. 74°30′S 97°19′E c. 3125 1969 11 [6]
Penta 5 SAE/EPF 74°1′S 97°22′E c. 3300 1969 15 [6]
Byrd CRREL 80°0′S 120°0′W 1524 1969-1970 50 [7]
Byrd CRREL 80°0′S 120°0′W 1524 1969-1970 82 [7]
Byrd CRREL 80°0′S 120°0′W 1524 1969-1970 354 [7]
Vostok 1, 1-bis, and 1-2bis SAE 78°28′S 106°48′E 3488 1969-1973 952 [23][24][note 11]
Mizuho JARE 70°42′S 44°18′E 2230 1970 20 [19]
Mizuho JARE 70°42′S 44°18′E 2230 1971 42 [19]
Mizuho JARE 70°42′S 44°18′E 2230 1971 75 [19]
D100 CNRS 71°34′S 131°59′E 2810 1971-1972 c. 12 [12]
D120 CNRS 73°4′S 128°44′E 3010 1971-1972 c. 12 [12]
57 km SAE c. 67°0′S 93°30′E c. 1000 1971-1972 51 [6][26][note 12]
153 km SAE c. 68°0′S 94°0′E c. 1600 1971-1972 57 [6][26][note 12]
Vostok 2 and 2-bis SAE 78°28′S 106°48′E 3488 1971-1976 450 [23][24][note 13]
Cape Poinsett SGJ ANARE c. 65°50′S 113°13′E 400 1972 112 [18]
Casey B SGB ANARE c. 66°17′S 111°30′E 575 1972 73 [18]
Casey SGP ANARE c. 66°13′S 111°15′E 600 1972 113 [18]
Casey S1 ANARE c. 66°17′S 110°44′E 262 1972 53 [18]
D10 CNRS 66°42′S 139°55′E 270 1972 44 [12]
Mizuho JARE 70°42′S 44°18′E 2230 1972 148 [19]
Dumont d'Urville to Vostok EPF/SAE various coast to 3500 1972-1973 17 [12][note 14]
Dumont d'Urville to Vostok EPF/SAE various coast to 3500 1972-1973 25 [12][note 15]
Ross Ice Shelf RISP/University of Copenhagen various c. 60 1973-1974 10 [7][note 16]
Lambert Glacier GL1 ANARE 72°31′S 65°19′E 1148 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL2 ANARE 72°16′S 63°58′E 1607 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL3 ANARE 72°48′S 62°9′E 1808 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL4 ANARE 73°15′S 61°0′E 2020 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL5 ANARE 73°43′S 61°11′E 2000 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL6 ANARE 74°3′S 62°0′E 1889 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL7 ANARE 74°14′S 64°13′E 1556 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL8 ANARE 74°59′S 66°6′E 1763 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL9 ANARE 74°45′S 67°58′E 1710 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL10 ANARE 74°4′S 68°23′E 1109 1974 10 [18]
Enderby Land GL11 ANARE 73°44′S 70°37′E 1462 1974 10 [18]
Law Dome SGF ANARE 66°9′S 111°0′E 375 1974 348 [18]
South Pole PICO 90°00′S 2912 1974 101 [20][7]
J-9 RISP/PICO 82°22′S 168°40′W 60 1974 100 [20][2][7]
Adelie Land D 10 CNRS 66°42′S 139°55′E 270 1974 304 [12][28]
Mizuho JARE 70°42′S 44°18′E 2230 1974 10 [19]
Byrd Flow Line IPS various various 1974 10 [7][note 17]
South Pole CNRS 90°00′S 2912 1974-1975 17 [12]
Mizuho JARE 70°42′S 44°18′E 2230 1974-1975 145 [19][note 18]
Detroit Plateau BAE 64°5′S 59°35′W 1806 1974-1976 10 [29]
Bruce Plateau BAE 66°25′S 64°57′W 1937 1974-1976 10 [29]
Peninsula Plateau Crest BAE 67°32′S 66°0′W 1750 1974-1976 10 [29]
Adelaide Island BAE 67°46′S 68°55′W 377 1974-1976 10 [29]
Stowington Island BAE 68°11′S 67°0′W 380 1974-1976 10 [29]
Gipps Ice Rise BAE 68°46′S 60°56′W 290 1974-1976 10 [29]
Fleming Glacier BAE 69°30′S 66°16′W 870 1974-1976 10 [29]
Peninsula Plateau Crest BAE 70°1′S 64°29′W 2131 1974-1976 10 [29]
Dolleman Island BAE 70°37′S 60°44′W 396 1974-1976 10 [29]
Murrish Glacier BAE 71°7′S 62°20′W 1050 1974-1976 10 [29]
Peninsula Plateau BAE 71°14′S 63°22′W 1987 1974-1976 10 [29]
Peninsula Plateau Crest BAE 70°50′S 64°27′W 2010 1974-1976 10 [29]
Peninsula Plateau Crest BAE 71°15′S 64°30′W 2010 1974-1976 10 [29]
Snow Field BAE 71°18′S 67°29′W 290 1974-1976 10 [29]
Elliot Hills BAE 71°23′S 65°30′W 1547 1974-1976 10 [29]
Thomson Rock BAE 71°29′S 66°58′W 946 1974-1976 10 [29]
Charcot Island BAE 70°0′S 75°20′W 595 1974-1976 10 [29]
Peninsula Plateau Crest BAE 71°42′S 64°5′W 1886 1974-1976 10 [29]
Monteverde Peninsula BAE 72°30′S 72°50′W 488 1974-1976 10 [29]
Peninsula Plateau Crest BAE 72°47′S 64°30′W 1797 1974-1976 10 [29]
Spoatz Island BAE 72°50′S 64°30′W 539 1974-1976 10 [29]
Peninsula Plateau Crest BAE 73°42′S 64°47′W 2007 1974-1976 10 [29]
Butler Island BAE 72°12′S 60°20′W 130 1974-1976 10 [29]
Peninsula Plateau BAE 70°53′S 64°57′W 1835 1974-1976 10 [29]
Graham Land BAE 67°32′S 66°0′W 1974-1976 5 [29]
Graham Land BAE 67°32′S 66°0′W 1974-1976 5 [29]
Rossini Point BAE 72°30′S 72°50′W 1600 1974-1976 10 [29]
Rossini Point BAE 72°30′S 72°50′W 1600 1974-1976 10 [29]
Horse Point BAE 71°18′S 67°29′W 1100 1974-1976 10 [29]
Horse Point BAE 71°18′S 67°29′W 1100 1974-1976 10 [29]
Vostok SAE 78°28′S 106°48′E 3500 1975 105 [6][30]
Novolazarev Shelf Glacier SAE 70°23′S 12°21′E c. 500 1975 374 [31][32][6][note 19]
Novolazarev Shelf SAE 70°13′S 11°53′E 40 1975 357 [31][32][6]
Novolazarev Shelf SAE 70°24′S 11°40′E 40 1975 447 [31][32][6][note 20]
Dome C SAE/EPF 74°39′S 124°10′E 3240 1975 10 [6]
Dome C SAE/EPF 74°39′S 124°10′E 3240 1975 12 [6]
Dailey Island SAE/USARP 77°53′S 165°6′E 1975 7 [6]
Koettlitz Glacier SAE/USARP 78°17′S 164°0′E 5 1975 8 [6]
McMurdo Ice Shelf SAE/USARP 78°21′S 166°41′E c. 50 1975 7 [6]
McMurdo Ice Shelf SAE/USARP c. 50 1975 6 [6]
Enderby Land GE2 to GE9 ANARE various various 1976 c. 8 [18][note 21]
Dolleman Island 70°35′S 60°56′W 398 1976 11 [33][34]
J-9 Bern PICO 82°22′S 168°40′W 60 1976 155 [35][36][37][7]
J-9 PICO 82°22′S 168°41′W 60 1976 330 [7]
C-7-2 IPS 78°20′N 179°51′E c. 60 1976 21 [2][7]
C-7-3 IPS 78°20′S 179°51′E c. 60 1976 50 [35][36][2][7]
C-7 IPS 78°30′S 177°0′W c. 60 1976 50 [35][36][2][7]
Roosevelt Island Dome IPS 79°22′S 161°40′W c. 500 1976 52 [35][36][2][7]
Camp Norway 3 NAE 1976–1977 72°19′S 16°14′W c. 510 1976-1977 10 [19]
Camp Norway 3 NAE 1976–1977 72°19′S 16°14′W c. 510 1976-1977 11 [19]
Camp Norway 3 NAE 1976–1977 72°19′S 16°14′W c. 510 1976-1977 11 [19]
Camp Norway 3 NAE 1976–1977 72°19′S 16°14′W c. 510 1976-1977 13 [19]
Vostok-1 SAE 72°8′S 96°35′E 2940 1976-1979 750 [6][38][note 22]
C-16 PICO 81°5′S 172°45′E c. 60 1977 100 [2][7]
Q-13 PICO 78°57′S 179°55′E c. 60 1977 100 [2][7]
Novolazarevskaya Station SAE 70°46′S 11°50′E 1500 1977 812 [39][note 23][6]
James Ross Island Argentine AE 64°13′S 57°38′W 1500 1977 10 [40][note 24]
Law Dome BHQ ANARE c. 66°21′S 111°48′E 940 1977 419 [18]
Law Dome BHD ANARE 66°44′S 112°50′E 1390 1977 473 [41][42]
Mirnyy-Dome C Traverse ANARE/SAE various various 1977 10 [18][note 25]
Pionerskaya GM ANARE/SAE 69°50′S 95°30′E 1977 10 [18]
GM10 ANARE/SAE 71°38′S 101°50′E 2977 1977 10 [18]
GM7 ANARE/SAE 70°27′S 97°51′E 2758 1977 10 [18]
GM13 ANARE/SAE 73°14′S 110°27′E 2961 1977 10 [18]
GM23 ANARE/SAE 74°39′S 124°10′E 3240 1977 10 [18]
Mirnyy ANARE/SAE 66°33′S 93°1′E c. 200 1977 10 [18]
Vostok ANARE/SAE 78°28′S 106°48′E 3500 1977 10 [18]
Vostok 1 ANARE/SAE 72°8′S 96°35′E 2940 1977 10 [18]
Komsomolskaya ANARE/SAE 74°1′S 97°22′E c. 3400 1977 10 [18]
Mizuho JARE 70°42′S 44°18′E 2230 1977 46 [19]
J-9 PICO 82°22′S 168°40′W 60 1977 171 [7]
Dome C (I) CNRS 74°39′S 124°10′E 3240 1977-1978 905 [12][note 26]
Erebus Tongue DoE Canada/USARP 77°41′S 167°0′E 1977-1978 11 [7]
J-9 SAE/USARP 82°23′S 168°38′W 60 1978 416 [37][6]
Ross Ice Shelf 30 1978 416 [39]
South Pole PICO 90°00′S 2912 1978 111 [7]
Dome C (II) CNRS 74°39′S 124°10′E 3240 1978-1979 180 [12][43]
Shackleton Ice Shelf SAE c. 65°50′S 96°30′E 30 1978/1979 202 [31][39][6]
Camp Norway 3 NAE 1978–1979 72°19′S 16°14′W c. 510 1978-1979 13 [19]
Mirnyi Station 300 1979 320 [39]
South Pole PICO 90°00′S 2912 1979-1980 44 [7]
South Pole PICO 90°00′S 2912 1979-1980 32 [7]
Vostok PICO 78°28′S 106°48′E 3500 1979-1980 104 [7]
Vostok PICO 78°28′S 106°48′E 3500 1979-1980 104 [7]
Vostok PICO 78°28′S 106°48′E 3500 1979-1980 100 [7]
Vostok PICO 78°28′S 106°48′E 3500 1979-1980 60 [7]
Vostok PICO 78°28′S 106°48′E 3500 1979-1980 25 [7]
Adelie Land D57 1980-1981 203 [43]
South Pole PICO 90°00′S 1980-1982 237 [44]
Vostok 3G, 3G-1, and 3G-2 SAE 78°28′S 106°48′E 3488 1980-1985 2202 [24][note 27]
Palmer Land/Gomez 74°1′S 70°38′W 1130 1981 31 [33][34]
Palmer Land/Gomez 74°1′S 70°38′W 1130 1981 83 [33][34]
James Ross Island 64°13′S 57°41′W 1640 1981 151 [33][43]
Cape Folger BHC1 c. 66°6′S 110°51′E 1981-1982 301 [21][note 28]
Cape Folger BHC2 c. 66°6′S 110°51′E 1981-1982 344 [21][note 28]
Komsomolskaya 3498 1983 850 [47]
Ronne T340 c. 78°40′S 55°30′W c. 20 1983-1984 100 [42]
Vostok 4G, 4G-1, and 4G-2 SAE 78°28′S 106°48′E 3488 1983-1989 2546 [24][note 29]
Dominion Range 2780 1984 201 [47]
Siple 75°55′S 84°15′W 1054 1985 302 [49]
Dolleman Island 70°35′S 60°56′W 398 1986 11 [33][34]
Dolleman Island 70°35′S 60°56′W 398 1986 32 [34][33]
Dolleman Island BAS 70°35′S 60°56′W 398 1986 133 [50][34]
Law Dome DE08 AAD 66°43′S 113°12′E 1250 1987 234 [51]
Emery Ice Shelf 20 1987-1989 252 [39]
Dome B 3600 1988 780 [47]
Dyer Plateau 70°39′S 65°1′W 1940 1988–1989 2 x 108 [52][42][note 30]
Dyer Plateau 70°40′S 64°53′W 2002 1989–1990 234 & 235 [52][42][note 30]
Dyer Plateau 1989–1990 2 x 50 [52][note 30]
Vostok 5G and 5G-1 SAE 78°28′S 106°48′E 3488 1990-2007 3661 [24][53][note 31]
Berkner Island (North Dome) 78°18′S 46°17′W 730 1990 11 [55]
Berkner Island (South Dome) 79°36′S 45°37′W 940 1990 11 [55]
Dolleman Island BAS 70°35′S 60°56′W 398 1992–1993 30 [56][57]
Law Dome ANARE 66°46′S 112°48′E 1370 1988-1993 1196 [47][31][58]
Taylor Dome 1993-1994 554 [31]
Berkner Island (North Dome) AWI/BAS 78°19′S 46°17′W 718 1995 151 [59]
Berkner Island (South Dome) AWI/BAS 79°34′S 45°47′W 890 1995 181 [59]
Dome Fuji 1995-1996 2504 [53]
Siple Dome 1996-1999 1004 [60]
Dome C DC1 EPICA 1996-1999 781 [60]
Dome C DC2 EPICA 1999-2004 3270 [60]
DML B33 EPICA 75°10′S 6°30′W 3160 1998 131 [61]
DML B32 EPICA 75°0′S 0°0′W 2882 1997 150 [61]
DML B31 EPICA 75°35′S 3°26′W 2669 1997 115 [61]
DML CV EPICA 76°0′S 8°3′W 2400 1998 120 [61]
DML BAS depot EPICA 77°2′S 10°30′W 2176 1998 122 [61]
DML Kohnen 2000-2006 2774 [60]
DML M150 EPICA 75°0′S 15°0′W 3457 2001 160 [61]
Berkner Island BAS 2002-2005 948 [60]
Dome Fuji 2003-2007 3035 [53]
Bruce Plateau IPY LARISSA 66°2′S 64°4′W 1976 2010 143 [62]
Bruce Plateau IPY LARISSA 66°2′S 64°4′W 1976 2010 448 [63][64]

Asia

Mainland and arctic islands
Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Shokalsky Glacier AARI 76°30′N 62°0′E c. 1000 1957 30 [65]
Elbrus, Caucasus USSR Academy of Science c. 44°12′N 44°8′E c. 4000 1963 200 [65]
Alaty USSR Academy of Science c. 50°0′N 87°30′E c. 4000 1965 200 [65]
Taisetsu Mountains ILTS c. 43°30′N 143°0′E 1730 1966 24 [65]
Besengi Glacier USSR Academy of Science c. 44°12′N 42°40′E 2700 1966 150 [65]
Rongbuk Glacier IGSNRR 28°5′N 86°52′E 5400 1966 12 [65]
Abramov Glacier CAHM, USSR c. 39°0′N 72°0′E 4400 1972 110 [39][65]
Abramov Glacier c. 39°0′N 72°0′E 4400 1973 50 [39][65]
Abramov Glacier c. 39°0′N 72°0′E 4400 1974 106 [39][65]
Pamir Mountains CAHM, USSR c. 39°0′N 72°0′E c. 3000 1974 137 [39][65][note 32]
Obruchev Glacier, Polar Urals AARI c. 65°0′N 60°0′E c. 600 1974 87 [39][65]
Obruchev Glacier, Polar Urals AARI c. 65°0′N 60°0′E c. 600 1974 64 [39][65]
North Pole 19 AARI Various c. 5 1974 34 [65][note 33]
North Pole 19 AARI Various c. 10 1974 11 [65][note 33]
Vavilov Ice Cap 1975, 1976 150-560 (6 holes) [39][note 34]
Vavilov Dome c. 80°0′N 96°0′E c. 780 1978 450 [65]
Vavilov Dome c. 80°0′N 96°0′E c. 780 1978 459 [65]
Akademiay Nayk 700 1986-1987 560, 761 [39]
Elbrus, Caucasus 4100 1987 72, 72 [39]
Guliya Ice Cap, China 6200 1992 308 [39]
Windy Dome, Franz Josef Land 500 1997 36, 315 [39]
Belukha, Altai Research Institute for Humanity and Nature in Kyoto, Japan 4499 2003 171
Belukha, Altai (1) Ice Memory Project (University of Grenoble Alpes Foundation) <4506 2018 160
Belukha, Altai (2) Ice Memory Project (University of Grenoble Alpes Foundation) <4506 2018 106
Elbrus, Caucasus (1) Ice Memory Project (University of Grenoble Alpes Foundation) c. 5100 2018 150
Elbrus, Caucasus (2) Ice Memory Project (University of Grenoble Alpes Foundation) c. 5100 2018 120

Southeast Asia
Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Meren A AUENG c. 4°6′S 137°20′E 4470 1972 9 [1]
Meren B AUENG c. 4°6′S 137°20′E 4523 1972 10 [1]
Meren D AUENG c. 4°6′S 137°20′E 4365 1972 10 [1]
Meren E AUENG c. 4°6′S 137°20′E 4417 1972 10 [1]
Meren X AUENG c. 4°6′S 137°20′E 4595 1972 10 [1]
Carstensz K AUENG c. 4°4′S 137°20′E 4495 1973 c. 10 [1]
Carstensz L AUENG c. 4°4′S 137°20′E 4536 1973 c. 10 [1]
Carstensz M AUENG c. 4°4′S 137°20′E 4595 1974 c. 10 [1]

Europe

Alps
Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Vallée Blanche CNRS c. 45°53′N 6°56′E c. 3550 1963 55 [66]
Vallée Blanche CNRS c. 45°53′N 6°56′E c. 3550 1966 36 [66]
L 67 University of Innsbruck c. 46°50′N 10°47′E 3240 1967 17 [66]
J I University of Innsbruck 46°33′N 7°58′E 3489 1967 8 [66]
J II University of Innsbruck 46°33′N 7°58′E 3489 1967 8 [66]
JZ I University of Innsbruck 46°33′N 7°58′E 3471 1968 7 [66]
JZ II University of Innsbruck 46°33′N 7°58′E 3472 1968 6 [66]
JZ III University of Innsbruck 46°33′N 7°58′E 3470 1968 5 [66]
JZ IV University of Innsbruck 46°33′N 7°58′E 3473 1968 8 [66]
JZ V University of Innsbruck 46°33′N 7°58′E 3480 1968 10 [66]
JZ VI University of Innsbruck 46°33′N 7°58′E 3487 1968 9 [66]
JZ VII University of Innsbruck 46°33′N 7°58′E 3471 1968 5 [66]
Saint Sorlin CNRS 45°11′N 6°10′E 2800 1968 60 [66][note 35]
Saint Sorlin CNRS 45°11′N 6°10′E 2800 1968 67 [66][28][note 35]
Saint Sorlin CNRS 45°11′N 6°10′E 2800 1969 72 [66][28][note 35]
K I University of Innsbruck c. 46°50′N 10°47′E c. 3350 1970 13 [66]
K II University of Innsbruck c. 46°50′N 10°47′E c. 3285 1970 15 [66]
K III University of Innsbruck c. 46°50′N 10°47′E c. 3275 1970 15 [66]
K IV University of Innsbruck c. 46°50′N 10°47′E c. 3225 1970 16 [66]
K V University of Innsbruck c. 46°50′N 10°47′E c. 3175 1970 16 [66]
K S University of Innsbruck c. 46°50′N 10°47′E c. 3125 1970 11 [66]
K VII University of Innsbruck c. 46°50′N 10°47′E c. 3082 1970 7 [66]
Vallée Blanche CNRS c. 45°53′N 6°56′E c. 3550 1970 33 [66]
Vallée Blanche CNRS 45°53′N 6°56′E 3500 1971 40 [66]
Vallée Blanche CNRS 45°53′N 6°56′E 3500 1971 40 [66]
Vallée Blanche CNRS 45°53′N 6°56′E 3500 1971 187 [66]
P 1 University of Bern c. 46°33′N 8°0′E 3470 1972 c. 9 [66]
P 2 University of Bern c. 46°33′N 8°0′E 3470 1972 c. 10 [66]
Col du Dôme CNRS c. 45°50′N 7°0′E 4280 1973 25 [66]
Col du Dôme CNRS 45°50′N 7°8′E 4785 1973 17 [66]
PM 1 University of Bern c. 46°24′N 7°32′E 2750 1974 4 [66]
PM 2 University of Bern c. 46°24′N 7°32′E 2750 1974 2 [66]
PM 3 University of Bern c. 46°24′N 7°32′E 2750 1974 2 [66]
P3 University of Bern c. 46°33′N 8°0′E 3470 1974 c. 19 [66]
Col du Dôme CNRS c. 45°50′N 7°8′E 4250 1976 31 [66]
Colle Gnifetti University of Bern 45°56′N 7°46′E 4450 1976 33 [66]
Ewigsch-Neefeld University of Bern c. 46°33′N 8°3′E 3370 1976 29 [66]
Ewigsch-Neefeld University of Bern c. 46°33′N 8°3′E 3370 1977 35 [66]
Ewigsch-Neefeld University of Bern c. 46°33′N 8°3′E 3410 1977 36 [66]
Ewigsch-Neefeld University of Bern c. 46°33′N 8°3′E 3440 1977 39 [66]
Ewigsch-Neefeld University of Bern c. 46°33′N 8°3′E 3440 1977 35 [66]
Colle Gnifetti University of Bern 45°56′N 7°46′E 4450 1977 55 [66]
Colle Gnifetti University of Bern 45°56′N 7°46′E 4450 1977 65 [66]
Col du Dôme (1) Ice Memory Project (University of Grenoble Alpes Foundation) c. 4300 2016 126
Col du Dôme (2) Ice Memory Project (University of Grenoble Alpes Foundation) c. 4300 2016 128
Col du Dôme (3) Ice Memory Project (University of Grenoble Alpes Foundation) c. 4300 2016 129

Iceland
Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Langjökull University of Iceland c. 64°40′N 20°10′W 1968 30 [67]
Bárðarbunga University of Iceland c. 64°36′N 17°36′W 1800 1968 42 [67]
Bárðarbunga University of Iceland c. 64°36′N 17°36′W 2000 1969 104 [67]
Bárðarbunga University of Iceland c. 64°36′N 17°36′W 1800 1970 27 [67]
Bárðarbunga University of Iceland c. 64°36′N 17°36′W 2000 1972 415 [67]

Scandinavia
Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Svartisen Cambridge University c. 66°40′N 14°0′E 1368 1964 17 [68]
Svartisen Cambridge University c. 66°40′N 14°0′E 1322 1964 8 [68]
Svartisen Cambridge University c. 66°40′N 14°0′E 1121 1964 17 [68]
Tarfala University of Stockholm c. 67°25′N 18°20′E 1973 20 [68]

Spitzbergen
Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Ice Divide AARI c. 78°30′N 14°25′E 450 1967 8 [67]
Ice Divide AARI c. 78°30′N 14°25′E 450 1975 211 [67]
Ice Divide AARI c. 78°30′N 14°25′E 450 1975 10 [67]
West Spitzbergen USSR Academy of Science 1976 211 [67]
Lomonosov Glacier USSR Academy of Science 1977 210 [67]
Spitzbergen 1975-1987 114-567 (9 holes) [39][note 36]

North America

Canada
Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Hole 1 USAF CRL c. 85°30′N 90°0′W c. 4 1952 16 [69]
Penny Ice Cap AINA c. 65°30′N 67°0′W c. 1800 1953 10 [69]
Penny Ice Cap AINA c. 65°30′N 67°0′W c. 1800 1953 10 [69]
Penny Ice Cap AINA c. 65°30′N 67°0′W c. 1800 1953 18 [69]
Hole 2 USAF CRL c. 85°30′N 90°0′W c. 4 1953 16-33 [69]
Hole 3 USAF CRL c. 85°30′N 90°0′W c. 4 1953 28 [69]
Penny Ice Cap A1 AINA 66°58′N 65°29′W 2080 1953 21 [69]
Hole 4 USAF CRL c. 83°30′N 88°0′W c. 4 1955 12 [69]
Hole 5 USAF CRL c. 83°30′N 88°0′W c. 4 1955 17 [69]
Hole 6 USAF CRL c. 83°30′N 88°0′W c. 4 1955 15 [69]
Hole 7 USAF CRL c. 83°30′N 88°0′W c. 4 1955 15 [69]
Hole 8 USAF CRL c. 83°30′N 88°0′W c. 4 1955 21 [69]
Hole 9 USAF CRL c. 83°30′N 88°0′W c. 4 1955 25 [69]
Trough SUNY Buffalo 83°11′N 74°23′W c. 3 1960 35 [69]
Ridge SUNY Buffalo 83°10′N 74°22′W 7 1960 35 [69]
Reentrant SUNY Buffalo c. 83°07′N 71°47′W c. 3 1960 11 [69]
Rise SUNY Buffalo c. 83°08′N 74°5′W 27 1960 52 [69]
Site Q Hokkaido University c. 82°20′N 96°0′W 4 1960 35 [69]
Site T Hokkaido University c. 82°20′N 96°0′W 1 1960 8 [69]
Kaskawulsh Glacier 1 University of Alberta 60°44′N 139°42′W 2520 1963 7 [69]
Kaskawulsh Glacier 2 University of Alberta c. 60°47′N 139°45′W 2650 1963 4 [69]
Meighen Ice Cap PCSP c. 79°54′N 99°6′W 260 1965 121 [69]
Devon 71 PCSP 75°18′N 82°18′W c. 1800 1972 230 [69]
B0 University of Minnesota c. 69°43′N 71°58′W c. 590 1971 10 [69]
B1 University of Minnesota c. 69°43′N 71°58′W c. 600 1971 17 [69]
B1 University of Minnesota c. 69°43′N 71°58′W c. 590 1971 8 [69]
B2 University of Minnesota c. 69°43′N 71°58′W c. 610 1972 22 [69]
Devon 72 PCSP 75°18′N 82°18′W 1800 1972 299 [2][69]
Devon Camp PCSP 75°18′N 82°18′W 1800 1972 10 [2][69]
T3 Nagoya University Various c. 4 1973 30 [69][note 37]
T3 Nagoya University Various c. 4 1973 31 [69][note 37]
Devon 73 PCSP 75°18′N 82°18′W 1800 1973 299 [2][69]
Devon PCSP 75°18′N 82°18′W 1800 1974 12 [69]
South Cape PCSP 76°52′N 86°5′W 1402 1974 12 [69]
Saddle PCSP 76°38′N 79°25′W 902 1974 12 [69]
Parrish Glacier PCSP 79°50′N 76°40′W 1760 1974 12 [69]
Central 1 PCSP 78°3′N 81°0′W 1266 1974 12 [69]
Central 2 PCSP 78°34′N 79°30′W 1688 1974 12 [69]
Mer de Glace PCSP 80°46′N 73°30′W 1820 1974 12 [69]
Axel Heiberg PCSP 79°46′N 91°13′W 1840 1974 12 [69]
Ellesmere Island Site 1 McGill University 78°25′N 80°0′W 1387 1974 26 [69]
Ellesmere Island Site 2 McGill University 77°33′N 80°20′W 1346 1974 22 [69]
Ellesmere Island Site 3 McGill University 76°38′N 78°22′W 658 1974 10 [69]
Ellesmere Island Site 4 PCSP 76°35′N 79°45′W 903 1974 4 [69]
T0975 University of Minnesota 69°52′N 72°5′W 508 1975 53 [69]
NW Col California DoE 60°34′N 140°24′W 5339 1975 16 [69]
NW Col California DoE 60°34′N 140°41′W 5339 1976 8 [69]
T061 University of Minnesota 69°48′N 72°7′W 745 1976 223 [69]
T081 University of Minnesota 69°51′N 72°6′W 745 1977 c. 160 [69]
Mer de Glace Agassiz PCSP c. 80°46′N 73°30′W c. 1820 1977 337 [69]
Mer de Glace Agassiz PCSP c. 80°46′N 73°30′W c. 1820 1977 20 [69]
Mount Logan California DoE 60°34′N 140°24′W 5339 1978 19 [69]
TO20 University of Minnesota 69°45′N 72°9′W 862 1978 300 [69]
Mer de Glace Agassiz PCSP c. 80°47′N 73°30′W c. 1850 1979 149 [69]
Mount Logan 60°35′N 140°35′W 5340 1980 103 [70]
Mount Logan GSC 60°35′N 140°30′W 5300 2001-2002 186 [71]

Greenland
Site/core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Camp IV EPF 69°40′N 49°31′W 1098 1949 50 [72]
Camp VI EPF 69°42′N 48°16′W 1598 1950 47 [72][73][74]
Camp VI EPF 69°42′N 48°16′W 1598 1950 126 [73][74]
Milcent EPF 70°18′04″N 44°33′13″W 2450 1950 52 [75][72]
Station Centrale EPF 70°55′N 40°38′W 2994 1950 55 [72]
Station Centrale EPF 70°55′N 40°38′W 2994 1950 151 [72][73][74][76]
Station Centrale EPF 70°55′N 40°38′W 2994 1950 31 [72]
FD-32 66°16′N 47°46′W 1828 1953 10 [72]
Site 2 SIPRE 76°59′N 56°04′W 2100 1954 48 [72]
Site 2 SIPRE 76°59′N 56°04′W 2100 1956 305 [72][9][77][78]
Site 2 SIPRE 76°59′N 56°04′W 2100 1957 411 [72][9][77][78]
Camp Century CRREL 77°10′N 61°08′W 1885 1961 186 [74][79][80]
Camp Century CRREL 77°10′N 61°08′W 1885 1962 238 [74][79][80]
Camp Century CRREL 77°10′N 61°08′W 1885 1963–1966 1388 [74][79][80]
Camp Century CRREL 77°10′N 61°08′W 1885 1964 12 [72]
Hole 1 AINA/USAF CRL 77°55′N 39°14′W 2402 1966 60 [72]
Hole 2 AINA/USAF CRL 77°55′N 39°14′W 2402 1966 60 [72]
Hole 3 AINA/USAF CRL 77°55′N 39°14′W 2402 1966 51 [72]
Hole 4 AINA/USAF CRL 77°55′N 39°11′W 2402 1966 60 [72]
Carrefour EGIG 69°49′N 47°26′W 1849 1967 20 [72]
Carrefour EGIG 69°49′N 47°26′W 1849 1967 10 [72]
Carrefour EGIG 69°49′N 47°26′W 1850 1968 22 [72]
Milcent EGIG 70°18′N 44°33′W 2450 1968 11 [72]
Station Centrale EGIG 70°55′N 40°38′W 2994 1968 35 [72]
Crête EGIG 71°07′N 37°19′W 3174 1968 30 [72]
Jarl Joset EGIG 71°21′N 33°29′W 2867 1968 12 [72]
Depot 420 EGIG 72°14′N 32°20′W c. 2750 1968 12 [72]
Depot 480 EGIG 72°6′N 30°0′W 2500 1968 20 [72]
Dye 3 GISP 65°11′N 43°50′W 2480 1971 25 [72]
Dye 3 GISP 65°11′N 43°49′W 2486 1971 372 [74][9][80]
North Site GISP 75°46′N 42°27′W 2842 1972 15 [72][74][81][80][82]
Crête GISP 71°07′N 37°19′W 3172 1972 15 [80][82][note 34][note 38]
Milcent GISP 70°18′N 45°35′W 2450 1973 398 [74][81][80]
Dye 2 GISP 66°23′N 46°11′W 2200 1973 50 [72][82][note 34][note 39]
Summit GISP 71°17′N 37°56′W 3244 1974 31 [72][82][note 40]
Crête GISP 71°07′N 37°19′W 3174 1974 23 [72]
Crête GISP 71°07′N 37°19′W 3174 1974 50 [72]
Crête GISP 71°07′N 37°19′W 3172 1974 405 [74][9][80]
Dye 2 GISP 66°23′N 46°11′W 2200 1974 23 [72]
Dye 2 GISP 66°23′N 46°11′W 2200 1974 50 [72]
Dye 2 GISP 66°23′N 46°11′W 2200 1974 101 [72][82]
V McGill University 77°4′N 70°25′W 1173 1974 7 [72]
VI McGill University 76°46′N 64°35′W 1560 1974 22 [72]
Dye 3 GISP 65°11′N 43°49′W 2486 1975 95 [82][80]
Dye 3 GISP 65°11′N 43°50′W 2480 1975 378 [72]
South Dome GISP 63°33′N 44°36′W 2854 1975 80 [72][82]
South Dome GISP 63°33′N 44°36′W 2854 1975 30 [72][20]
Hans Tausen GISP 82°30′N 38°20′W 1271 1975 60 [82]
Hans Tausen GISP 82°30′N 38°20′W 1271 1976 50 [82]
Hans Tausen Hans Tausen 82°30′N 38°20′W 1290 1995 346 [83]
D 6 GISP 65°12′N 43°47′W 2488 1975 11 [72]
DS-1 GISP 63°36′N 44°55′W 1847 1975 11 [72]
DS-2 GISP 63°33′N 44°56′W 2503 1975 11 [72]
DS-3 GISP 63°42′N 44°32′W 2488 1975 11 [72]
South Dome GISP 63°33′N 44°36′W 2854 1975 11 [72]
ST-1 GISP 65°18′N 43°47′W 2476 1975 12 [72]
SDS-1 GISP 65°42′N 44°46′W 2620 1975 11 [72]
SDS-2 GISP 65°32′N 44°7′W 2618 1975 11 [72]
SDS-3 GISP 65°50′N 44°7′W 2640 1975 11 [72]
SAS GISP 65°40′N 44°19′W 2637 1975 11 [72]
SN GISP 66°11′N 43°40′W 2574 1975 11 [72]
SNS-1 GISP 66°28′N 44°50′W 2457 1975 11 [72]
SNS-2 GISP 65°55′N 42°43′W 2365 1975 11 [72]
A-1 GISP 67°27′N 41°59′W 2670 1975 11 [72]
A-1-S-1 GISP 67°2′N 41°51′W 2563 1975 11 [72]
A-1-S-2 GISP 67°51′N 43°7′W 2606 1975 11 [72]
D-4 GISP c. 65°12′N 43°47′W 2490 1975 11 [72]
D-5 GISP c. 65°12′N 43°47′W 2490 1975 11 [72]
Dye 2 GISP 66°23′N 46°11′W 2200 1975 20 [72][20]
Dye 3 GISP 65°11′N 43°49′W 2486 1976 93 [82][80]
Dye 2 GISP 66°23′N 46°11′W 2200 1977 84 [72][82][37]
Camp Century GISP 77°10′N 61°08′W 1885 1977 100 [82][80]
Camp Century GISP 77°11′N 61°5′W 1890 1977 101 [72]
Camp Century GISP 77°13′N 60°48′W 1922 1977 78 [72]
Camp Century GISP 77°13′N 60°48′W 1922 1977 71 [72]
North Central 1 GISP 74°37′N 39°36′W 2941 1977 100 [72][82]
North Central 2 GISP 74°37′N 39°36′W 2941 1977 c. 109 [72]
North Central GISP 74°37′N 39°36′W 2941 1977 102 [72]
Dye 3 GISP 65°11′N 43°50′W 2480 1978 c. 90 [72]
Camp III GISP 69°43′N 50°08′W 615 1977 49 [72][82][note 41]
Camp III GISP 69°43′N 50°08′W 615 1978 80 [72][82][note 42]
Dye 3 GISP 65°11′N 43°49′W 2486 1979–1981 2037 [74][84][85][83][80]
Site A core 1 GISP 70°38′6″N 36°10′48″W 3092 1985 96 [86][87][37]
Site A core 2 GISP 70°38′6″N 36°10′48″W 3092 1985 129 [86][87][37]
Site B GISP 70°39′3″N 38°31′16″W 3138 1984 106 [86]
Site C GISP 70°40′37″N 39°12′47″W 3072 1984 25 [86]
Site D GISP 70°38′23″N 40°22′56″W 3018 1984 100 [86]
Site E GISP 71°45′33″N 36°8′58″W 3087 1985 78 [86]
Site F GISP 71°29′31″N 36°7′8″W 3092 1985 26 [86]
Site G GISP 71°9′18″N 36°9′44″W 3098 1985 71 [86]
Site H GISP 70°51′54″N 36°9′43″W 3102 1985 26 [86]
Renland 71°18′N 26°42′W 2340 1988 324 [83][80]
Summit GRIP 72°34′44.4″N 37°33′55.2″W 3232 1989–1992 3029 [83][80][88]
GISP2 core D 72°35′N 38°28′W 3053 1989–1993 3053 [89][90][80][37]
GISP2 core G1 72°35′N 38°28′W 3203 1990 103 [37]
GISP2 core G2 72°35′N 38°28′W 3203 1991 110 [37]
NASA-U-1 PARCA 73°51′N 49°30′W 2369 1995 151 [91]
NASA-U-2 PARCA 73°51′N 49°30′W 2369 1995 21 [91]
NASA-U-3 PARCA 73°51′N 49°30′W 2369 1995 20 [91]
Humboldt-M PARCA 78°32′N 56°50′W 1995 1995 147 [91]
Humboldt-N PARCA 78°45′N 56°50′W 1905 1995 21 [91]
Humboldt-E PARCA 78°36′N 55°42′W 2045 1995 21 [91]
Humboldt-S PARCA 78°19′N 56°50′W 2058 1995 21 [91]
Humboldt-W PARCA 78°27′N 56°57′W 1924 1995 21 [91]
GITS-Core 1 PARCA 77°9′N 61°6′W 1887 1996 22 [91]
GITS-Core 2 PARCA 77°9′N 61°6′W 1887 1996 121 [91]
Tunu-1 PARCA 78°1′N 34°0′W 2113 1996 69 [91]
Tunu-2 PARCA 78°1′N 34°0′W 2113 1996 19 [91]
Tunu-N25 PARCA 78°20′N 33°53′W c. 2050 1996 15 [91]
Tunu-E25 PARCA 78°0′N 32°56′W c. 1990 1996 12 [91]
Tunu-W25 PARCA 78°2′N 35°4′W c. 2460 1996 15 [91]
Tunu-N50 PARCA 78°28′N 33°50′W c. 2050 1996 15 [91]
Tunu-E50 PARCA 77°59′N 31°52′W c. 2090 1996 15 [91]
Tunu-W50 PARCA 78°2′N 36°8′W c. 2470 1996 15 [91]
South Dome-1 PARCA 63°9′N 44°49′W 2850 1997 25 [91]
South Dome-2 PARCA 63°9′N 44°49′W 2850 1997 15 [91]
Tunu South-1 PARCA 69°30′N 34°30′W 2650 1997 21 [91]
Tunu South-2 PARCA 69°30′N 34°30′W 2650 1997 10 [91]
Tunu South-3 PARCA 69°30′N 34°30′W 2650 1997 10 [91]
NASA East-1 PARCA 75°0′N 30°0′W 2631 1997 21 [91]
NASA East-2 PARCA 75°0′N 30°0′W 2631 1997 11 [91]
7147 PARCA 71°3′N 47°14′W 2134 1997 20 [91]
7247 PARCA 71°56′N 47°29′W 2277 1997 20 [91]
7551 PARCA 75°0′N 51°0′W c. 2200 1997 21 [91]
7653-1 PARCA 76°0′N 53°0′W c. 2200 1997 15 [91]
7653-2 PARCA 76°0′N 53°0′W c. 2200 1997 5 [91]
N. Dye 3 PARCA 66°0′N 44°30′W 2640 1997 19 [92]
N. Dye 3 PARCA 66°0′N 44°30′W 2640 1997 17 [92]
6945-1 PARCA 69°0′N 45°0′W c. 2150 1998 19 [91]
6943 PARCA 69°12′N 43°0′W c. 2500 1998 12 [91]
6941 PARCA 69°24′N 41°0′W c. 2765 1998 12 [91]
6939 PARCA 69°36′N 39°0′W c. 2955 1998 12 [91]
6841 PARCA 68°0′N 41°0′W c. 2640 1998 12 [91]
6745 PARCA 67°30′N 45°0′W c. 2250 1998 12 [91]
6839 PARCA 68°30′N 39°30′W c. 2790 1998 12 [91]
6938 PARCA 69°0′N 38°0′W c. 2920 1998 12 [91]
6642-2 PARCA 66°30′N 42°30′W c. 2380 1998 21 [91]
6345 PARCA 63°48′N 45°0′W c. 2730 1998 15 [91]
6348 PARCA 63°48′N 45°0′W c. 1960 1998 15 [91]
7249 PARCA 72°12′N 49°24′W c. 2170 1998 15 [91]
7347 PARCA 73°36′N 47°12′W c. 2600 1998 12 [91]
7345 PARCA 73°0′N 45°0′W c. 2815 1998 15 [91]
7145 PARCA 71°30′N 45°0′W c. 2615 1998 12 [91]
7245 PARCA 72°15′N 45°0′W c. 2770 1998 12 [91]
Flade Isblink U. Copenhagen 81°17′33.36″N 15°42′10.44″W 1290 2006 425 [93]
NorthGRIP NorthGRIP 75°6′N 42°18′W 2959 1996–2003 3080 [83][80][31]
NEEM NEEM 77°27′N 51°4′W 2484 2008–2010 2537 [94][95][96]
EastGRIP EastGRIP 75°38′N 35°59′W 2708 2015–2020 [97]

United States
Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Taku Glacier AGS 58°33′N 134°8′W 1110 1950 91 [98]
Mount Wrangell University of Alaska c. 62°0′N 144°0′W c. 4200 1961 10 [98]
Mount Wrangell University of Alaska c. 62°0′N 144°0′W c. 4200 1961 10 [98]
Mount Wrangell University of Alaska c. 62°0′N 144°0′W c. 4200 1961 10 [98]
Mount Wrangell University of Alaska c. 62°0′N 144°0′W c. 4200 1961 10 [98]
Blue Glacier University of California 47°49′N 123°41′W c. 1325 1962 137 [98]
Blue Glacier University of Washington 47°49′N 123°41′W c. 1325 1971 40 [98]
Blue Glacier University of Washington 47°49′N 123°41′W c. 1325 1971 90 [98]
Mount Wrangell 62°0′N 144°0′W 4000 1982 46 [99][note 43]

Oceania

New Zealand
Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Tasman Glacier NZGS c. 43°30′S 170°15′E 2340 1970 12 [100]

South America

Bolivia
Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Illimani glacier (1) Ice Memory Project (University of Grenoble Alpes Foundation) 6309 2017 137
Illimani glacier (2) Ice Memory Project (University of Grenoble Alpes Foundation) 6309 2017 134

Peru
Core Institution or project Coords Altitude (metres) Drill dates Depth (metres) Sources
Summit IPS 13°56′S 70°50′W 5650 1976 7 [100]
Middle Dome IPS 13°56′S 70°50′W 5650 1976 15 [100]
South Dome IPS 13°56′S 70°50′W 5650 1976 16 [100]
Summit IPS 13°56′S 70°50′W 5650 1976 15 [100]
Huascaran 6048 1993 160, 166 [39]

See also

Notes
  1. Not included in MacKinnon's 1980 catalogue.[6] Ueda & Talalay make it clear that a coring drill was used for this hole but not whether a core was retrieved.[4]
  2. The core site was 7 km south of Mirny (66°33′S 93°1′E).[4]
  3. The core site was 45 km south of Mirny (66°33′S 93°1′E).[4]
  4. Ten cores.[7]
  5. Three cores.[7]
  6. Nine cores.[7]
  7. Not included in MacKinnon's 1980 catalogue.[6] Three holes were drilled to a total combined depth of 101 m; the deepest was 77 m.[13]
  8. Four cores.[7]
  9. A 10 m core was drilled every 100 km between 69°0′S 39°35′E and 90°00′S.[19]
  10. Ueda and Talalay (2007) mention two test holes of 35 m each, but do not say whether cores were retrieved, though the drill was able to recover cores.[13]
  11. Hole 1 was drilled to 952 m between 1969 and 1972. An offset hole, 1-bis, was started at 30 m down hole 1 in 1972, and reached 780 m the following year. Another offset hole, 1-2bis, was begun at 307 m in hole 1-bis, and reached 905 m.[25]
  12. Drilled along the traverse from Mirny to Vostok.[26]
  13. The hole was drilled in 1971 to 108 m, and then extended to 224 m in between 1974 and 1976. An offset hole, 2-bis, was begun in 1976, but the drill got stuck after only a few runs; the additional depth drilled was not recorded and Vasiliev does not report whether any cores were recovered.[27]
  14. Three cores drilled along the traverse.[12]
  15. Five cores drilled along the traverse.[12]
  16. Thirty-seven cores.[7]
  17. About sixteen cores.[7]
  18. The drill stuck at 142 m, and the hole was re-entered at 107 m in an attempt to detach the stuck drill, eventually reaching 145 m on this attempt.[19]
  19. MacKinnon's 1980 catalogue includes a 1974-1975 Novolazarevskaya core at 70°46′S 11°50′E which is not mentioned in other sources, but it does not include this 374 m core, so the two seem to be the same despite the slight differences in coordinates and depth.[31][32]
  20. Bentley & Koci give the depth of this hole as 412 m.[31]
  21. Eight cores.[18]
  22. Begun in 1976, this hole reached 721 m during the 1978-1979 drilling season. A new offset hole was accidentally started at 500 m while reaming, and the new hole reached 750 m.[38]
  23. MacKinnon's 1980 catalogue gives the altitude as c. 500 m.[6]
  24. MacKinnon (1980) lists two cores in the 1977/1978 season, at c. 64°20′S 57°30′W and c. 1628 m altitude,[18] but Aristarain (1981), the paper that describes these cores, only lists one core, from December 1977, as given here.[40]
  25. Eight cores.[18]
  26. Gillet et al. give a depth of 140 meters for this core, but it appears they are only referring to the depth attained with the first drill used.[43]
  27. Hole 3G was extended by offset holes twice; the extensions, labelled 3G-1 and 3G-2, are treated here as part of a single core. Hole 3G-1 was begun at 1500 m, after 3G reached 1580 m depth; and hole 3G-2 was begun at 1969 m, after 3G-1 had reached 2083 m depth.[45]
  28. Coordinates estimated from map in Thwaites et al. (1984).[46]
  29. Hole 4G reached 279 m in 1983. In 1984 an offset hole, 4G-1, was begun at 120 m, and extended to 752 m by 1986. A second offset hole, 4G-2, was begun at 159 m in 4G-1, and reached 2546 m in 1989.[48]
  30. Thompson et al. list six cores obtained on the Dyer Plateau but do not give exact locations or altitudes. They give the plateau's coordinates as 70°40′16″S 64°52′30″W, with altitude 2002 m, and then say that in 1988–1989 "two ice cores were drilled to a depth of 108 m at a location 6 km west of the divide. In 1989–90, two cores were recovered 1 m apart on the crest of the Dyer Plateau (core 1 — 233.8 m and core 2 — 235.2 m) and two 50 m cores were drilled 4 km east of the divide".[52] Peel et al. list one core for 1988-1989, at 104 m, which is presumably one of the 108 m cores listed by Thompson et al.[42]
  31. Drilling took place in 1990-1993, 1995-1998, and 2005-2006. Hole 5G reached 2259 m; in 1992 an offset hole, 5G-1, was begun, reaching 3650 m in 2006.[54]
  32. Zagorodnov et al. list this core along with two of the Abramov Glacier cores as all having the same altitude, 4400 m. MacKinnon gives the lower altitude.[39][65]
  33. Drifting ice island.[65]
  34. Not included in MacKinnon's 1980 catalog.[72]
  35. MacKinnon's 1980 catalogue lists three 60 m cores in 1968.[66] Gillet et al. do not explicitly list all the cores, but say that one of the 1968 cores was 67 m, and there was a 72 m core in 1969. This list assumes these are two of the cores on MacKinnon's list.[28]
  36. It is not clear from the source whether these include any of the cores listed above.[39]
  37. Drifting ice island.[69]
  38. The altitude is assumed here to be the same as that of the other Crête cores at the same coordinates.[82]
  39. The altitude is assumed here to be the same as that of the other Dye 2 cores at the same coordinates.[72]
  40. MacKinnon gives the coordinates as 72°17′N 37°56′W[72]
  41. MacKinnon gives the date of this core as 1978.[72]
  42. MacKinnon gives the depth of this core as 90.[72]
  43. Benson gives a map from which the altitude can be seen to be between 4060 m and 4070 m.[99]

References
  1. MacKinnon (1980), p. 41.
  2. MacKinnon (1980), pp. 17-18.
  3. MacKinnon (1980), p. 49.
  4. Ueda & Talalay (2007), p. 3.
  5. Ueda & Talalay (2007), pp. 1, 6.
  6. MacKinnon (1980), pp. 49-50.
  7. MacKinnon (1980), pp. 51-53.
  8. Langway (1974), p. 72.
  9. Langway (2008), p. 114.
  10. Patton et al. (1965), p. 48.
  11. MacKinnon (1980), pp. 44-45.
  12. MacKinnon (1980), pp. 45-46.
  13. Ueda & Talalay (2007), pp. 7-8.
  14. Langway (2008), p. 107.
  15. Jouzel (2013), p. 2526.
  16. "ITASE iceREADER – Data Info". www.icereader.org. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
  17. "Station Name: Byrd Station". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
  18. MacKinnon (1980), pp. 43-53.
  19. MacKinnon (1980), p. 48.
  20. Langway & Chiang (1976), p. 291.
  21. Bentley & Koci (2007), p. 2.
  22. Bird (1974), p. 10.
  23. Ueda & Talalay (2007), pp. 9-11.
  24. Vasiliev et al. (2007), p. 10,13.
  25. Vasiliev et al. (2013), pp. 10-12.
  26. Ueda & Talalay (2007), p. 16.
  27. Vasiliev et al. (2013), pp. 14-15.
  28. Gillet et al. (1974), p. 23.
  29. MacKinnon (1980), pp. 46-47.
  30. Ueda & Talalay (2007), p. 20.
  31. Bentley & Koci (2007), p. 3.
  32. Korotkevich (1978), pp. 3-4.
  33. Peel (2004), p. 552.
  34. Peel et al. (1988), p. 131.
  35. Langway & Chiang (1977), p. 155.
  36. Langway & Herron (1977), p. 153.
  37. "niclsite.xls". NOAA. 1996. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  38. Ueda & Talalay (2007), pp. 23-25.
  39. Zagorodnov et al. (1998), p. 190.
  40. Aristarain (1981), p. 372.
  41. "Historical N2O Record from the "BHD" Ice Core at Law Dome (Antarctica) in CDIAC, Trends '93". NASA. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  42. Peel et al. (2013), p. 247.
  43. Gillet et al. (1984), p. 73.
  44. Litwak et al. (1984), pp. 43-44.
  45. Vasiliev et al. (2013), pp. 15-16.
  46. Thwaites et al. (1984), p. 172.
  47. Legrand & Mayewski (1997), p. 229.
  48. Vasiliev et al. (2013), pp. 16-17.
  49. Thompson et al. (1994), p. 423.
  50. Peel & Mulvaney (1992), p. 432.
  51. Etheridge et al. (1992), p. 284.
  52. Thompson et al. (1994), p. 420.
  53. Bentley & Koci (2007), p. 5.
  54. Vasiliev et al. (2013), pp. 17-19.
  55. Wagenbach et al. (1994), p. 310.
  56. Abram et al. (2007), p. 3.
  57. Pasteur et al. (1995), p. 170.
  58. Morgan et al. (1997), p. 4.
  59. Mulvaney et al. (2002), p. 46.
  60. Bentley & Koci (2007), p. 4.
  61. Hofstede et al. (2004), p. 279.
  62. Zagorodnov et al. (2012), p. 675.
  63. Goodwin et al. (2016), p. 2582.
  64. Goodwin et al. (2016), p. 2593.
  65. MacKinnon (1980), p. 40.
  66. MacKinnon (1980), pp. 37-39.
  67. MacKinnon (1980), p. 36.
  68. MacKinnon (1980), p. 39.
  69. MacKinnon (1980), pp. 26-29.
  70. Holdsworth et al. (2004), p. 484.
  71. Osterberg et al. (2014), p. 11191.
  72. MacKinnon (1980), pp. 31-35.
  73. Langway (2008), p. 103.
  74. Weidick (1995), p. C115
  75. Tschaen,, Revue XYZ, No 147, p69 (2016)
  76. Langway (1967), p. 3.
  77. Langway (1967), p. vi.
  78. Langway (1967), p. 5.
  79. Langway (2008), p. 106.
  80. Rapp (2012), p. 139.
  81. Langway (2008), p. 109.
  82. Langway, Oeschger & Dansgaard (1985), p. 3.
  83. Bory et al. table 1a (2003)
  84. Weidick (1995), p. C14.
  85. "Drilling to bedrock". www.iceandclimate.nbi.ku.dk. 2008-10-01. Retrieved 2017-04-07.
  86. Clausen, Gundestrup, Johnsen, Ann. Glac. 10 (1988)
  87. Alley & Koci (1988), p. 1.
  88. Johnsen et al. (1992), p. 313.
  89. "GISP2 Home Page". www.gisp2.sr.unh.edu. Retrieved 2017-04-08.
  90. "Ice Cores That Tell The Past". www.gisp2.sr.unh.edu. Retrieved 2017-04-08.
  91. Mosley-Thompson et al. (2001), p.p. 33840-33841.
  92. "Annual Accumulation Data from 1997 and 1998 PARCA Ice Cores, Version 1 | National Snow and Ice Data Center". nsidc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  93. Lemark (2010),A study of the Flade Isblink ice cap using a simple ice flow model, M.Sc. thesis
  94. Dahl-Jensen et al. (2016), p. 56.
  95. Hansen, Lone Holm (2010-07-27). "Bedrock!!!". neem.dk. Retrieved 2017-04-09.
  96. Rasmussen et al. (2013), p. 2713.
  97. Dahl-Jensen et al. (2016), p. 54.
  98. MacKinnon (1980), p. 30.
  99. Benson (1984), pp. 61-62.
  100. MacKinnon (1980), p. 42.

Sources
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