List of sequenced plant genomes
This list of sequenced plant genomes contains plant species known to have publicly available complete genome sequences that have been assembled, annotated and published. Unassembled genomes are not included, nor are organelle only sequences. For all kingdoms, see the list of sequenced genomes.
See also List of sequenced algae genomes.
Bryophytes
Organism strain | Division | Relevance | Genome size | Number of genes predicted | Organization | Year of completion | Assembly status | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physcomitrella patens ssp. patens str. Gransden 2004 | Bryophytes | Early diverging land plant | 2008[1] | |||||
Marchantia polymorpha | Bryophytes | Early diverging land plant | 225.8 Mb | 19,138 | 2017[2] | |||
Ceratodon purpureus | Bryophytes | Early diverging land plant | ||||||
Anthoceros angustus | Bryophytes | Early diverging land plant |
Higher plants (vascular plants)
Organism strain | Division | Relevance | Genome size | Number of genes predicted | Organization | Year of completion | Assembly status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selaginella moellendorffii | Lycopodiophyta | Model organism | 2011[3][4] |
Ferns
Organism strain | Division | Relevance | Genome size | Number of genes predicted | Organization | Year of completion | Assembly status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Azolla filiculoides | Polypodiophyta | Fern | 0.75 Gb | 20,201 | 2018[5] | ||
Salvinia cucullata | Polypodiophyta | Fern | 0.26 Gb | 19,914 | 2018[5] |
Gymnosperms
Organism strain | Division | Relevance | Genome size | Number of genes predicted | No of chromosomes | Organization | Year of completion | Assembly status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Picea abies (Norway spruce) | Pinales | Timber, tonewood, ornamental such as Christmas tree | 19.6 Gb | 26,359[6] | 12 | Umeå Plant Science Centre / SciLifeLab, Sweden | 2013[7] | |
Picea glauca (White spruce) | Pinales | Timber, Pulp | 20.8 Gb | 14,462[6] | 12 | Institutional Collaboration | 2013[8][9] | |
Pinus taeda (Loblolly pine) | Pinales | Timber | 20.15 Gb | 9,024[6] | 12 | 2014[10][11][12] | N50 scaffold size: 66.9 kbp | |
Pinus lambertiana (Sugar pine) | Pinales | Timber; with the largest genomes among the pines;
the largest pine species |
31 Gb | 13,936 | 12 | 2016[6] | 61.5X sequence coverage, platforms used:
Hiseq 2000, Hiseq 2500, GAIIx, MiSeq | |
Ginkgo biloba | Ginkgoales | 11.75 Gb | 41,840 | 2016[13] | N50 scaffold size: 48.2 kbp | |||
Pseudotsuga menziesii | Pinales | 16 Gb | 54,830 | 13 | 2017[14] | N50 scaffold size : 340.7 kbp | ||
Gnetum monatum | Gnetales | 4.07 Gb | 27,491 | 2018[15] | ||||
Larix sibirica | Pinales | 12.34 Gbp | 2019[16] | scaffold N50 of 6440 bp | ||||
Abies alba | Pinales | 18.16 Gb | 94,205 | 2019[17] | scaffold N50 of 14,051 bp |
Amborellales
Organism strain | Family | Relevance | Genome size | Number of genes predicted | Organization | Year of completion | Assembly status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amborella trichopoda | Amborellaceae | Basal angiosperm | 2013[18][19] |
Proteales
Organism strain | Family | Relevance | Genome size | Number of genes predicted | Organization | Year of completion | Assembly status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nelumbo nucifera (sacred lotus) | Nelumbonaceae | Basal eudicot | 929 Mbp | 2013[20] | contig N50 of 38.8 kbp and a scaffold N50 of 3.4 Mbp |
Ranunculales
Organism strain | Family | Relevance | Genome size | Number of genes predicted | Organization | Year of completion | Assembly status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aquilegia coerulea | Ranunculaceae | Basal eudicot | Unpublished[21] |
Trochodendrales
Organism strain | Family | Relevance | Genome size | Number of genes predicted | Organization | Year of completion | Assembly status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trochodendron aralioides (Wheel tree) | Trochodendrales | Basal eudicot having secondary xylem without vessel elements | 1.614 Gb | 35,328 | Guangxi University | 2019[22] | 19 scaffolds corresponding to 19 chromosomes |
Caryophyllales
Organism strain | Family | Relevance | Genome size | Number of genes predicted | Organization | Year of completion | Assembly status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) | Chenopodiaceae | Crop plant | 714–758 Mbp | 27,421 | 2013[23] | ||
Chenopodium quinoa | Chenopodiaceae | Crop plant | 1.39–1.50 Gb | 44,776 | 2017[24] | 3,486 scaffolds, scaffold N50 of 3.84 Mb, 90% of the assembled genome is contained in 439 scaffolds[24] | |
Amaranthus hypocondriacus | Amaranthaceae | Crop plant | 403.9 Mb | 23,847 | 2016[25] | 16 large scaffolds from 16.9 to 38.1 Mb. N50 and L50 of the assembly was 24.4 Mb and 7, respectively.[26] | |
Carnegiea gigantea | Cactaceae | Wild plant | 1.40 Gb | 28,292 | 2017[27] | 57,409 scaffolds, scaffold N50 of 61.5 kb[27] | |
Suaeda aralocaspica | Amaranthaceae | Performs complete C4 photosynthesis within individual cells (SCC4) | 467 Mb | 29,604 | ABLife Inc. | 2019[28] | 4,033 scaffolds, scaffold N50 length of 1.83 Mb |
Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) | Simmondsiaceae | Oilseed Crop | 887 Mb | 23,490 | 2020[29] | 994 scaffolds, scaffold N50 length of 5.2 Mb | |
Rosids
Organism strain | Family | Relevance | Genome size | Number of genes predicted | No of chromosomes | Organization | Year of completion | Assembly status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sclerocarya birrea
(Marula) |
Anacardiaceae | Used for food | 18,397 | 2018[30][31] | ||||
Betula pendula (silver birch) | Betulaceae | Boreal forest tree, model for forest biotechnology | 435 Mbp[32] | 28,399 | 14 | University of Helsinki | 2017[32] | 454/Illumina/PacBio. Assembly size 435 Mbp. Contig N50: 48,209 bp, scaffold N50: 239,796 bp. 89% of the assembly mapped to 14 pseudomolecules. Additionally 150 birch individuals sequenced. |
Betula nana (dwarf birch) | Betulaceae | Arctic shrub | 450 Mbp | QMUL/SBCS | 2013[33] | |||
Aethionema arabicum | Brassicaceae | Comparative analysis of crucifer genomes | 2013[34] | |||||
Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. lyrata strain MN47 | Brassicaceae | Model plant | 206.7 Mbp | 32,670[35] | 8 | 2011[35] | 8.3X sequence coverage, analyzed on ABI 3730XL capillary sequencers | |
Arabidopsis thaliana Ecotype:Columbia | Brassicaceae | Model plant | 135 Mbp | 27,655[36] | 5 | AGI | 2000[37] | |
Barbarea vulgaris
G-type |
Brassicaceae | Model plant for specialised metabolites and plant defenses | 167.7 Mbp | 25,350 | 8 | 2017[38] | 66.5 X coverage with Illumina GA II technology | |
Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis (Chinese cabbage) accession Chiifu-401-42 | Brassicaceae | Assorted crops and model organism | 485 Mbp | 41,174 (has undergone genome triplication) | 10 | The Brassica rapa Genome Sequencing Project Consortium | 2011[39] | 72X coverage of paired short read sequences generated by Illumina GA II technology |
Brassica napus (Oilseed rape or rapeseed) European winter oilseed cultivar ‘Darmor-bzh' | Brassicaceae | Crops | 1130 Mbp | 101,040 | 19 | Institutional Collaboration | 2014[40] | 454 GS-FLX+ Titanium (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) and Sanger sequencing. Correction and gap filling used 79 Gb of Illumina (San Diego, CA) HiSeq sequence. |
Capsella rubella | Brassicaceae | Close relative of Arabidopsis thaliana | 130 Mbp | 26,521 | JGI | 2013?[41] 2013[42] | ||
Cardamine hirsuta (hairy bittercress) strain ‘Oxford’ | Brassicaceae | A model system for studies in evolution of plant development | 198 Mbp | 29,458 | 8 | Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany | 2016[43] | Shotgun sequencing strategy, combining paired end reads (197× assembled sequence coverage) and mate pair reads (66× assembled) from Illumina HiSeq (a total of 52 Gbp raw reads). |
Eruca sativa (salad rocket) | Brassicaceae | Used for food | 851 Mbp | 45,438 | University of Reading | 2020[44] | Illumina MiSeq and HiSeq2500. PCR free paired end and long mate pair sequencing and assembly. Illumina HiSeq transcriptome sequencing (125/150 bp paired end reads). | |
Erysimum cheiranthoides (wormseed wallflower) strain 'Elbtalaue' | Brassicaceae | Model plant for studying defensive chemistry, including cardiac glycosides | 175 Mbp | 29,947 | 8 | Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY | 2020[45][46] | 39.5 Gb PacBio sequences (average length 10,603 bp), one lane Illumina MiSeq sequencing (2 x 250 bp paired end), Phase Genomics Hi-C scaffolding, PacBio and Illumina transcriptome sequencing |
Eutrema salsugineum | Brassicaceae | A relative of arabidopsis with high salt tolerance | 240 Mbp | 26,351 | JGI | 2013[47] | ||
Eutrema parvulum | Brassicaceae | Comparative analysis of crucifer genomes | 2013[34] | |||||
Leavenworthia alabamica | Brassicaceae | Comparative analysis of crucifer genomes | 2013[34] | |||||
Sisymbrium irio | Brassicaceae | Comparative analysis of crucifer genomes | 2013[34] | |||||
Thellungiella parvula | Brassicaceae | A relative of arabidopsis with high salt tolerance | 2011[48] | |||||
Cannabis sativa (hemp) | Cannabaceae | Hemp and marijuana production | ca 820 Mbp | 30,074 based on transcriptome assembly and clustering | 2011[49] | Illumina/454
scaffold N50 16.2 Kbp | ||
Carica papaya (papaya) | Caricaceae | Fruit crop | 372 Mbp | 28,629 | 2008[50] | contig N50 11kbp
scaffold N50 1Mbp total coverage ~3x (Sanger) 92.1% unigenes mapped 235Mbp anchored (of this 161Mbp also oriented) | ||
Casuarina equisetifolia
(Australian Pine) |
Casuarinaceae | bonsai subject | 300 Mbp | 29,827 | 2018[51] | |||
Kalanchoë fedtschenkoi Raym.-Hamet & H. PerrierKalanchoe | Crassulaceae | Molecular genetic model for obligate CAM species in the eudicots | 256 Mbp | 30,964 | 34 | 2017[52] | ~70× paired-end reads and ~37× mate-pair reads generated using an Illumina MiSeq platform. | |
Rhodiola crenulata (Tibetan medicinal herb) | Crassulaceae | Uses for medicine and food | 344.5 Mb | 35,517 | 2017[53] | |||
Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) | Cucurbitaceae | Vegetable crop | ca 425 Mbp | 23,440 | BGI | 2012[54] | Illumina
coverage 108.6x contig N50 26.38 kbp Scaffold N50 2.38 Mbp genome covered 83.2% ~97% ESTs mapped | |
Cucumis melo (Muskmelon) DHL92 | Cucurbitaceae | Vegetable crop | 450 Mbp | 27,427 | 2012[55] | 454
13.5x coverage contig N50: 18.1kbp scaffold N50: 4.677 Mbp WGS | ||
Cucumis sativus (cucumber) 'Chinese long' inbred line 9930 | Cucurbitaceae | Vegetable crop | 350 Mbp (Kmer depth) 367 Mbp (flow cytometry) | 26,682 | 2009[56] | contig N50 19.8kbp
scaffold N50 1,140kbp total coverage ~72.2 (Sanger + Ilumina) 96.8% unigenes mapped 72.8% of the genome anchored | ||
Cucurbita argyrosperma
(Silver-seed goud) |
Cucurbitaceae | Vegetable crop | 228.8 Mbp | 28,298 | 20 | National Autonomous University of Mexico | 2019[57] | contig N50 463 kbp
scaffold N50 620 kbp total coverage ~151x (PacBio + Illumina) |
Siraitia grosvenorii
(Monk fruit) |
Cucurbitaceae | Chinese medicine/sweetener | 456.5 Mbp | 30,565 | Anhui Agricultural University | 2018[58] | ||
Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) | Euphorbiaceae | the most economically important member of the genus Hevea | 2013[59] | |||||
Jatropha curcas Palawan | Euphorbiaceae | bio-diesel crop | 2011[60] | |||||
Manihot esculenta (Cassava) | Euphorbiaceae | Humanitarian importance | ~760 Mb | 30,666 | JGI | 2012[61] | ||
Ricinus communis (Castor bean) | Euphorbiaceae | Oilseed crop | 320 Mbp | 31,237 | JCVI | 2010[62] | Sanger coverage~4.6x contig N50 21.1 kbp scaffold N50 496.5kbp | |
Ammopiptanthus nanus | Fabaceae | Only genus of evergreen broadleaf shrub | 889 Mb | 37,188 | 2018[63] | |||
Cajanus cajan (Pigeon pea) var. Asha | Fabaceae | Model legume | 2012[64][65] | |||||
Arachis duranensis (A genome diploid wild peanut) accession V14167 | Fabaceae | Wild ancestor of peanut, an oilseed and grain legume crop | 2016[66] | Illumina 154x coverage, contig N50 22 kbp, scaffold N50 948 kbp | ||||
Arachis ipaensis (B genome diploid wild peanut) accession K30076 | Fabaceae | Wild ancestor of peanut, an oilseed and grain legume crop | 2016[66] | Illumina 163x coverage, contig N50 23 kbp, scaffold N50 5,343 kbp | ||||
Cicer arietinum (chickpea) | Fabaceae | filling | 2013[67] | |||||
Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea) | Fabaceae | 2013[68] | ||||||
Dalbergia odorifera (fragrant rosewood) | Fabaceae | Wood product (heartwood) and folk medicine | 653 Mb | 30,310 | 10 | Chinese Academy of Forestry | 2020[69] | Contig N50: 5.92Mb
Scaffold N50: 56.1 6Mb |
Faidherbia albida
(Apple-Ring Acacia) |
Fabaceae | Importante in the Sahel for raising bees | 28,979 | 2018[70][30] | ||||
Glycine max (soybean) var. Williams 82 | Fabaceae | Protein and oil crop | 1115 Mbp | 46,430 | 2010[71] | Contig N50:189.4kbp
Scaffold N50:47.8Mbp Sanger coverage ~8x WGS 955.1 Mbp assembled | ||
Lablab purpureus
(Hyacinth Bean) |
Fabaceae | Crop for human consumption | 20,946 | 2018[30][72] | ||||
Lotus japonicus (Bird's-foot Trefoil) | Fabaceae | Model legume | 2008[73] | |||||
Medicago truncatula (Barrel Medic) | Fabaceae | Model legume | 2011[74] | |||||
Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) | Fabaceae | Model bean | 520 Mbp | 31,638 | JGI | 2013?[75] | ||
Vigna subterranea
(Bambara Groundnut) |
Fabaceae | similar to peanuts | 31,707 | 2018[76][30] | ||||
Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) | Fagaceae | cultivated nut | 785.53 Mb | 36,479 | Beijing University of Agriculture | 2019[77] | Illumina: ∼42.7×
PacBio: ∼87× contig N50: 944,000bp | |
Carya illinoinensis
Pecan |
Junglandaceae | snacks in various recipes | 651.31 Mb | 2019[78] | ||||
Juglans regia (Persian walnut) | Junglandaceae | cultivated nut | 540 Mb | Chinese Academy of Forestry | 2020[79] | |||
Juglans sigillata (Iron walnut) | Junglandaceae | cultivated nut | 536.50 Mb | Nanjing Forestry University | 2020[80] | Illumina+Nanopore+bionano
scaffold N50: 16.43 Mb, contig N50: 4.34 Mb | ||
Linum usitatissimum (flax) | Linaceae | Crop | ~350 Mbp | 43,384 | BGI et al. | 2012[81] | ||
Bombax ceiba
(red silk cotton tree) |
Malvaceae | capsules with white fibre like cotton | 895 Mb | 2018[82] | ||||
Durio zibethinus (Durian) | Malvaceae | Tropical fruit tree | ~738 Mbp | 2017[83] | ||||
Gossypium raimondii | Malvaceae | One of the putative progenitor species of tetraploid cotton | 2013?[84] | |||||
Theobroma cacao (cocoa tree) | Malvaceae | Flavouring crop | 2010[85][86] | |||||
Theobroma cacao (cocoa tree) cv. Matina 1-6 | Malvaceae | Most widely cultivated cacao type | 2013[87] | |||||
Theobroma cacao (200 accessions) | Malvaceae | domestication history of cacao | 2018[88] | |||||
Azadirachta indica (neem) | Meliaceae | Source of number of Terpenoids, including biopesticide azadirachtin, Used in Traditional Medicine | 364 Mbp | ~20000 | GANIT Labs | 2012[89] and 2011[90] | Illumina GAIIx, scaffold N50 of 452028bp, Transcriptome data from Shoot, Root, Leaf, Flower and Seed | |
Moringa oleifera
(Horseradish Tree) |
Moringaceae | traditional herbal medicine | 18,451 | 2018[91][30] | ||||
Eucalyptus grandis (Rose gum) | Myrtaceae | Fibre and timber crop | 691.43 Mb | 2011[92] | ||||
Eucalyptus pauciflora (Snow gum) | Myrtaceae | Fibre and timber crop | 594.87 Mb | ANU | 2020[93] | Nanopore + Illumina; contig N50: 3.23 Mb | ||
C. cathayensis
(Chinese hickory) |
Rosaceae | fruit crop | 706.43 Mb | 2019[78] | ||||
Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat) | Rosaceae | Fruit tree | 760.1 Mb | 45,743 | Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences | 2020[94] | Illumina+Nanopore+Hi-C
17 chromosomes, scaffold N50: 39.7 Mb | |
Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry) | Rosaceae | Fruit crop | 240 Mbp | 34,809 | 2011[95] | scaffold N50: 1.3 Mbp
454/Illumina/solid 39x coverage WGS | ||
Malus domestica (apple) "Golden Delicious" | Rosaceae | Fruit crop | ~742.3 Mbp | 57,386 | 2010[96] | contig N50 13.4 (kbp??)
scaffold N50 1,542.7 (kbp??) total coverage ~16.9x (Sanger + 454) 71.2% anchored | ||
Prunus amygdalus (almond) | Rosaceae | Fruit crop | 2013?[97] | |||||
Prunus avium (sweet cherry) cv. Stella | Rosaceae | Fruit crop | 2013?[97] | |||||
Prunus mume (Chinese plum or Japanese apricot) | Rosaceae | Fruit crop | 2012[98] | |||||
Prunus persica (peach) | Rosaceae | Fruit crop | 265 Mbp | 27,852 | 2013[99] | Sanger coverage:8.47x
WGS ca 99% ESTs mapped 215.9 Mbp in pseudomolecules | ||
Pyrus bretschneideri (ya pear or Chinese white pear) cv. Dangshansuli | Rosaceae | Fruit crop | 2012[100] | |||||
Pyrus communis (European pear) cv. Doyenne du Comice | Rosaceae | Fruit crop | 2013?[97] | |||||
Rubus occidentalis
(Black raspberry) |
Rosaceae | Fruit crop | 290 Mbp | 2018[101] | ||||
Citrus clementina (Clementine) | Rutaceae | Fruit crop | 2013?[102] | |||||
Citrus sinensis (Sweet orange) | Rutaceae | Fruit crop | 2013?,[102] 2013[103] | |||||
Populus trichocarpa (poplar) | Salicaceae | Carbon sequestration, model tree, timber | 510 Mbp (cytogenetic) 485 Mbp (coverage) | 73,013 [Phytozome] | 2006[104] | Scaffold N50: 19.5 Mbp
Contig N50:552.8 Kbp [phytozome] WGS >=95 % cDNA found | ||
Populus pruinosa
(desert tree) |
Salicaceae | farming and rancing | 479.3 Mbp | 35,131 | 2017[105] | |||
Acer truncatum (purpleblow maple) | Sapindaceae | Tree producing nervonic acid | 633.28 Mb | 28,438 | 2020[106] | contig N50 = 773.17 Kb; scaffold N50 = 46.36 Mb | ||
Acer yangbiense | Sapindaceae | Plant species with extremely small populations | 110 Gb | 28,320 | 13 | 2019[107] | scaffold N50 = 45 Mb | |
Dimocarpus longan (Longan) | Sapindaceae | Fruit crop | 471.88 Mb | 2017[108] | ||||
Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge (Yellowhorn) | Sapindaceae | Fruit Crop | 504.2 Mb | 24,672 | 2019[109][110] | |||
Aquilaria sinensis (Agarwood) | Thymelaeaceae | Fragrant wood | 726.5 Mb | 29,203 | 2020[111] | Illumina+nanopore+Hi-C, scaffold N50: 88.78 Mb | ||
Vitis vinifera (grape) genotype PN40024 | Vitaceae | fruit crop | 2007[112] |
Asterids
Organism strain | Family | Relevance | Genome size | Number of genes predicted | Organization | Year of completion | Assembly status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asclepias syriaca, (common milkweed) | Apocynaceae | Exudes milky latex | 420 Mbp | 14,474 | Oregon State University | 2019[113] | 80.4× depth
N50 = 3,415 bp |
Erigeron breviscapus (Chinese herbal fleabane) | Asteraceae | Chinese medicine | 37,505 | 2017[114] | |||
Helianthus annuus (sunflower) | Asteraceae | Oil crop | 3.6 Gbb | 52,232 | INRA and The Sunflower Genome Database[115] | 2017[116] | N50 contig: 13.7 kb |
Lactuca sativa (lettuce) | Asteraceae | Vegetable crop | 2.5 Gbb | 38,919 | 2017[117] | N50 contig: 12 kb; N50 scaffold: 476 kb | |
Handroanthus impetiginosus, Bignoniaceae
(Pink Ipê) |
Bignoniaceae | Common tree | 503.7 Mb | 31,668 | 2017[118] | ||
Diospyros oleifera Cheng (Persimmon or Kaki) | Ebenaceae | Fruit tree | 849.53 Mb | 28,580 | Zhejiang University & Chinese Academy of Forestry | 2019[119] & 2020[120] | Two genomes both chromosome scale & assigned to 15 pseudochromosomes |
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge
(Chinese red sage) |
Lamiaceae | TCM treatment for COPD | 641 Mb | 34,598 | 2015[121] | ||
Callicarpa americana (American beautyberry) | Lamiaceae | Ornamental shrub and insect-repellent | 506 Mb | 32,164 | Michigan State University | 2020[122] | 17 pseudomolecules Contig N50: 7.5Mb Scaffold N50: and 29.0 Mb |
Mentha x piperita (Peppermint) | Lamiaceae | Oil crop | 353 Mb | 35,597 | Oregon State University | 2017[123] | |
Tectona grandis
(Teak) |
Lamiaceae | Durability and water resistance | 31,168 | 2019[124] | |||
Utricularia gibba (humped bladderwort) | Lentibulariaceae | model system for studying genome size evolution; a carnivorous plant | 81.87 Mb | 28,494 | LANGEBIO, CINVESTAV | 2013[125] | Scaffold N50: 80.839 Kb |
Camptotheca acuminata Decne
(Chinese happy tree) |
Nyssaceae | chemical drugs for cancer treatment | 403 Mb | 31,825 | 2017[126] | ||
Davidia involucrata Baill (Dove tree) | Nyssaceae | Living fossil | 1,169 Mb | 42,554 | 2020[127] | ||
Mimulus guttatus | Phrymaceae | model system for studying ecological and evolutionary genetics | ca 430 Mbp | 26,718 | JGI | 2013?[128] | Scaffold N50 = 1.1 Mbp
Contig N50 = 45.5 Kbp |
Primula vulgaris (Common primrose) | Primulaceae | Used for cooking | 474 Mb | 2018[129] | |||
Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) cv. Heinz 1706 | Solanaceae | Food crop | ca 900 Mbp | 34,727 | SGN | 2011[130] 2012[131] | Sanger/454/Illumina/Solid
Pseudomolecules spanning 91 scaffolds (760Mbp of which 594Mbp have been oriented ) over 98% ESTs mappable |
Solanum aethiopicum (Ethiopian eggplant) | Solanaceae | Food crop | 1.02 Gbp | 34,906 | BGI | 2019[132] | Illumina
scaffold N50: 516,100bp contig N50: 25,200 bp ∼109× coverage |
Solanum pimpinellifolium (Currant Tomato) | Solanaceae | closest wild relative to tomato | 2012[131] | Illumina
contig N50: 5100bp ~40x coverage | |||
Solanum tuberosum (Potato) | Solanaceae | Food crop | 726 Mbp[133] | 39,031 | Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium (PGSC) | 2011[134][135] | Sanger/454/Illumina
79.2x coverage contig N50: 31,429bp scaffold N50: 1,318,511bp |
Solanum commersonii (commerson's nightshade) | Solanaceae | Wild potato relative | 838 Mbp kmer (840 Mbp) | 37,662 | UNINA, UMN, UNIVR, Sequentia Biotech, CGR | 2015[136] | Illumina
105x coverage contig N50: 6,506bp scaffold N50: 44,298bp |
Cuscuta campestris
(field dodder) |
Solanaceae | model system for parasitic plants | 556 Mbp kmer (581 Mbp) | 44,303 | RWTH Aachen University, Research Center Jülich, University of Tromsø, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technical University Munich, University of Vienna | 2018[137] | scaffold N50 = 1.38 Mbp |
Cuscuta australis (Southern dodder) | Solanaceae | model system for parasitic plants | 265 Mbp
kmer (273 Mbp) |
19,671 | Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences | 2018[138] | scaffold N50 = 5.95 Mbp
contig N50 = 3.63 Mbp |
Nicotiana benthamiana | Solanaceae | Close relative of tobacco | ca 3 Gbp | 2012[139] | Illumina
63x coverage contig N50: 16,480bp scaffold N50:89,778bp >93% unigenes found | ||
Nicotiana sylvestris (Tobacco plant) | Solanaceae | model system for studies of terpenoid production | 2.636 Gbp | Philip Morris International | 2013[140] | 94x coverage
scaffold N50: 79.7 kbp 194kbp superscaffolds using physical Nicotiana map | |
Nicotiana tomentosiformis | Solanaceae | Tobacco progenitor | 2.682 Gb | Philip Morris International | 2013[140] | 146x coverage
scaffold N50: 82.6 kb 166kbp superscaffolds using physical Nicotiana map | |
Capsicum annuum (Pepper)
(a) cv. CM334 (b) cv. Zunla-1 |
Solanaceae | Food crop | ~3.48 Gbp | (a) 34,903
(b) 35,336 |
(a) 2014[141]
(b) 2014[142] |
N50 contig: (a) 30.0 kb (b) 55.4 kb
N50 scaffold: (a) 2.47 Mb (b) 1.23 Mb | |
Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum (Chiltepin) | Solanaceae | Progenitor of cultivated pepper | ~3.48 Gbp | 34,476 | 2014[142] | N50 contig: 52.2 kb
N50 scaffold: 0.45 Mb | |
Petunia hybrida | Solanaceae | Economically important flower | 2011[143] |
Grasses
Organism strain | Family | Relevance | Genome size | Number of genes predicted | Organization | Year of completion | Assembly status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Setaria italica (Foxtail millet) | Poaceae | Model of C4 metabolism | 2012[144] | ||||
Aegilops tauschii (Tausch's goatgrass) | Poaceae | bread wheat D-genome progenitor | ca 4.36 Gb | 39,622 | 2017[145] | pseudomolecule assembly | |
Brachypodium distachyon (purple false brome) | Poaceae | Model monocot | 2010[146] | ||||
Coix lacryma-jobi L. (Job's tears) | Poaceae | Crop & used in medicine & ornamentation | 1.619 Gb | 39,629 | 2019[147] | ||
Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Heller's rosette grass) | Poaceae | C3 grass closely related to C4 species | 960 Mb | DDPSC | 2016[148] | ||
Eragrostis curvula | Poaceae | good for livestock | 43.31 Mb | 56,469 | 2019[149] | ||
Hordeum vulgare (barley) | Poaceae | Model of ecological adoption | IBSC | 2012,[150] 2017[151] | |||
Oryza brachyantha (wild rice) | Poaceae | Disease resistant wild relative of rice | 2013[152] | ||||
Oryza glaberrima (African rice) var CG14 | Poaceae | West-African species of rice | 2010[153] | ||||
Oryza rufipogon (red rice) | Poaceae | Ancestor to Oryza sativa | 406 Mb | 37,071 | SIBS | 2012[154] | Illumina HiSeq2000
100x coverage |
Oryza sativa (long grain rice) ssp indica | Poaceae | Crop and model cereal | 430 Mb[155] | International Rice Genome Sequencing Project (IRGSP) | 2002[156] | ||
Oryza sativa (Short grain rice) ssp japonica | Poaceae | Crop and model cereal | 430 Mb | International Rice Genome Sequencing Project (IRGSP) | 2002[157] | ||
Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) | Poaceae | biofuel | 2013?[158] | ||||
Phyllostachys edulis (moso bamboo) | Poaceae | Bamboo textile industry | 79.90 Mb | 25,225 | 2013[159] 2018[160] | ||
Sorghum bicolor genotype BTx623 | Poaceae | Crop | ca 730 Mb | 34,496 | 2009[161] | contig N50:195.4kbp
scaffold N50: 62.4Mbp Sanger, 8.5x coverage WGS | |
Triticum aestivum (bread wheat) | Poaceae | 20% of global nutrition | 14.5 Gb | 107,891 | IWGSC | 2018[162] | pseudomolecule assembly |
Triticum urartu | Poaceae | Bread wheat A-genome progenitor | ca 4.94 Gb | BGI | 2013[163] | Non-repetitive sequence assembled
Illumina WGS | |
Zea mays (maize) ssp mays B73 | Poaceae | Cereal crop | 2.3 Gb | 39,656[164] | 2009[165] | contig N50 40kbp
scaffold N50: 76kbp Sanger, 4-6x coverage per BAC | |
Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet) | Poaceae | Subsaharian and Sahelian millet species | ~1,79 Gb | 38,579 | 2017[166] | WGS and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequencing |
Other non-grasses
Organism strain | Family | Relevance | Genome size | Number of genes predicted | No of chromosomes | Organization | Year of completion | Assembly status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ananas bracteatus accession CB5 | Bromeliaceae | Wild pineapple relative | 382 Mbp | 27,024 | 25 | 2015[167] | 100× coverage using Illumina paired-end reads of libraries with different insert sizes. | |
Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (Pineapple), varieties F153 and MD2 | Bromeliaceae | The most economically valuable crop possessing crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) | 382 Mb | 27,024 | 25 | 2015[167] | 400× Illumina reads, 2× Moleculo synthetic long reads, 1× 454 reads, 5× PacBio single-molecule long reads and 9,400 BACs. | |
Musa acuminata (Banana) | Musaceae | A-genome of modern banana cultivars | 523 Mbp | 36,542 | 2012[168] | N50 contig: 43.1 kb
N50 scaffold: 1.3 Mb | ||
Musa balbisiana (Wild banana) | Musaceae | B-genome of modern banana cultivars | 438 Mbp | 36,638 | 2013[169] | N50 contig: 7.9 kb | ||
Calamus simplicifolius |
Arecaceae | native to tropical and subtropical regions | 1.98 Gb | 51,235 | 2018[170] | |||
Cocos nucifera (Coconut palm) | Arecaceae | used in food and cosmetics | ~2.42 Gb | 2017[171] | ||||
Daemonorops jenkinsiana | Arecaceae | native to tropical and subtropical regions. | 1.61 Gb | 52,342 | 2018[170] | |||
Phoenix dactylifera (Date palm) | Arecaceae | Woody crop in arid regions | 658 Mbp | 28,800 | 2011[172] | N50 contig: 6.4 kb | ||
Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm) | Arecaceae | Oil-bearing crop | ~1800 Mbp | 34,800 | 2013[173] | N50 scaffold: 1.27 Mb | ||
Spirodela polyrhiza (Greater duckweed) | Araceae | Aquatic plant | 158 Mbp | 19,623 | 2014[174] | N50 scaffold: 3.76 Mb | ||
Phalaenopsis equestris (Schauer) Rchb.f. (Moth orchid) | Orchidaceae | Breeding parent of many modern moth orchid cultivars and hybrids.
Plant with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). |
1600 Mbp | 29,431 | 2014[175] | N50 scaffold: 359,115 kb |
Press releases announcing sequencing
Not meeting criteria of the first paragraph of this article in being nearly full sequences with high quality, published, assembled and publicly available. This list includes species where sequences are announced in press releases or websites, but not in a data-rich publication in a refereed peer-review journal with DOI.
- Corchorus olitorius (Jute mallow), fibre plant 2017[176][177]
- Corchorus capsularis 2017[176]
- Fraxinus excelsior, European ash (2013 draft[178][179])
See also
External links
References
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