List of snipers

A sniper is a trained sharpshooter who operates alone, in a pair, or with a sniper team to maintain close visual contact with a target and engage the targets from concealed positions or distances exceeding the detection capabilities of enemy personnel.

Military snipers

Some notable military snipers include (alphabetically by surname):

Name Lived Active Notes Confirmed
sniper kills		 Nationality
Noah Adamia 1919–1942 1938–1942 A Soviet Georgian naval infantryman who is credited with over 200 kills and several tanks knocked out.[1][2] Trained another 80 snipers within a couple of months during the Second World War.[3] 200+  Soviet Union
Josef Allerberger 1924–2004 1943–1945 A German sniper who fought with the II Battalion of the 144th Gebirgsjäger Regiment of the 3rd Mountain Division; he served on the Eastern Front, and was credited with 257 kills. Allerberger is the second most successful German sniper.[4] 257  Nazi Germany
Bai Yihua 1931–1941 1911–1941 A marksman and a regimental commander in the Chinese Red Army during World War 2. The total number of enemy killed by him is unknown. He made his name as a sniper during a battle in 1940 when he shot and killed a Japanese pilot flying at low altitude.[5] N/A  China
Hiram Berdan 1824–1893 1861–1864 The commander of the 1st and 2nd US Sharpshooters during the American Civil War.[6] N/A  United States
Herman Davis 1888–1923 1918 American sniper of the First World War, awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, the Croix de guerre with palm, the Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star and the Médaille Militaire awards from the American and French governments.[7][8] 60  United States
Fedir Dyachenko 1917–1995 1932–1945 Soviet sniper during World War II, credited with as many as 425 kills and awarded with the Hero of the Soviet Union.[9] 425  Soviet Union
Rob Furlong 1976– 1996–2003 A Canadian Army sniper who held the record for the kill from the greatest distance during Operation Anaconda, War in Afghanistan.[10] 1+  Canada
Gary Gordon 1960–1993 1978–1993 A Delta Force sniper who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for protecting the injured crew of a downed helicopter during the Battle of Mogadishu.[11] N/A  United States
Craig Harrison 1974– 1990–2014 A British Army sniper who achieved the second longest confirmed kill shot in history (2,475 m) using the Accuracy International L115A3 Long Range Rifle.[12] 1+  United Kingdom
Carlos Hathcock 1942–1999 1959–1979 A renowned United States Marine Corps sniper who is credited with 93 confirmed kills.[13][14] 93  United States
Simo Häyhä 1905–2002 1925–1940 A Finnish sniper during the 1939–40 Winter War known as the "White Death" from his habit of lying in the snow wearing snow camouflage and a white face mask, waiting for a target to appear. Antti Rantamaa, who served as a field chaplain in Häyhä's regiment, credited him with 259 confirmed kills by sniper rifle and an equal number of kills by submachine gun during the war.[15] In total, he killed between 505 and 542 soldiers with an iron sights-only SAKO M/28-30 (a Finnish variant of the Mosin–Nagant rifle), as well as a submachine gun while fighting as a group leader with the rest of his unit. All of Häyhä's kills were made over the course of fewer than 100 days, before he was seriously wounded—an average of just over 5 per day, with the highest daily count numbering 25 kills—at a time of year with few daylight hours.[16][17] 505–542  Finland
Musa Herdem 1987–2015 2006–2015 A YPG sniper known as 'Musa' with allegedly more than 80 confirmed kills, mainly during the fighting for Kobani during the Syrian Civil War.[18] 80  Rojava
PJAK
PKK
Matthäus Hetzenauer 1924–2004 1943–1945 An Austrian sniper on the Eastern Front during World War II who was credited with 345 kills between 1943 and 1945.[19] 345  Nazi Germany
Abukhadzhi Idrisov 1918–1983 1939–1944 A Soviet Chechen sniper with an alleged 349+ kills during World War II. 349+  Soviet Union
Nikolai Ilyin 1925–1943 1941–1943 A Soviet sniper with 494 kills, who fought in the 50th Guards Rifle Division during the Battle of Stalingrad, World War II.[20] 494  Soviet Union
Nicholas Irving 1987– 2004–2010 A sniper nicknamed "The Reaper" with the 3rd Ranger Battalion deployed in Afghanistan in 2009, with 33 confirmed kills.[21] 33  United States
Juba N/A 2005–2007 Juba (Arabic: جوبا) (also called "Joba") is the pseudonym of an alleged sniper involved in the Iraq War's insurgency. He participated in Iraqi Civil War as well as the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. 37+ (alleged)  Iraq
Tatang Koswara 1947–2015 1975–1976 A sniper credited with at least 41 confirmed kills during the Indonesian invasion of East Timor in the 1970s.[22] 41  Indonesia
Ivan Kulbertinov 1917–1993 1941–1945 Credited with 487 kills using a Mosin-Nagant 1891 rifle during the Second World War.[23][24] 487  Soviet Union
Vasilij Kvachantiradze 1907–1950 1941–1945 A Soviet Georgian sniper who is credited with 534 kills during World War II, one of the highest Soviet kill counts.[25][26] Known for almost single-handedly thwarting a German assault on Shumilino in Belarus.[27] 500+  Soviet Union
Chris Kyle 1974–2013 1999–2009 A US Navy SEAL credited with 160 confirmed kills by the Pentagon, but who allegedly killed 255.[28] 160  United States
Marie Ljalková 1920–2011 1942–1953 A Czech sniper fighting in the Soviet Army during World War II who was credited with at least 30 confirmed kills.[29] 30+  Czechoslovakia
Charles Marlowe 1968– 1987–1990 A United States Marine Corps sniper who holds the record for most solo missions completed (27).[30] 46  United States
Chuck Mawhinney 1949– 1967–1970 A United States Marine Corps sniper who holds the record for most confirmed kills by a US Marine (103).[31] 103  United States
Herbert W. McBride 1873–1933 1914–1918 A US citizen who serves as a captain in the 21st Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force, during World War One.[32] 100+  United States
Philip McDonald 1886–1916 1914–1916 8th Battalion (90th Winnipeg Rifles), CEF, 42 confirmed kills during the First World War. Killed in action 3 January 1916.[33] 42  Canada
Neville Methven N/A 1916–1918 A big game hunter and target shooter who served as an officer with Sir Abe Bailey's South African Sharpshooters on the Western Front during World War One. 100  South Africa
Timothy Murphy 1751–1818 1775–1780 An American Revolutionary War sniper credited with killing British General Simon Fraser during the Battle of Saratoga.[34] 1+  United States
Semyon Nomokonov 1900–1973 1941–1945 A Soviet World War II sniper with 367 logged kills.[35] 367  Soviet Union
Henry Norwest 1884–1918 1915–1918 A sniper in the 50th Canadian Infantry Battalion during the First World War. He had 115 confirmed kills and was killed by a German sniper on 18 August 1918.[36] 115  Canada
Fyodor Okhlopkov 1908–1968 1941–1945 One of the most effective Soviet snipers, credited with 423 confirmed kills during World War II.[37] 423  Soviet Union
Johnson Paudash 1875–1959 1914–1918 A member of the 21st Battalion (Eastern Ontario), CEF during World War One who made 88 confirmed kills.[38] 88  Canada
Lyudmila Pavlichenko 1916–1974 1941–1953 The most successful female sniper during World War II. She served in the Soviet army and had 309 confirmed kills.[37] 309  Soviet Union
Vladimir Pchelintsev 1919–2001 1941–1945 Credited with 152 kills using a Mosin-Nagant 1891 rifle during the Second World War.[39] 152  Soviet Union
Francis Pegahmagabow 1891–1952 1914–1919 An Indigenous North American sniper in World War I who is credited with 378 kills, and an unknown number of unconfirmed kills.[40] 378  Canada
Friedrich Pein 1915–1975 1943–1945 An Austrian fighting in the German Army credited with over 200 kills on the Eastern Front between 1943 and 1945 during the Second World War. 200+  Austria
Arron Perry 1972– 1999–2005 A Canadian Army sniper who briefly held the record for the longest-ever recorded and confirmed sniper kill in 2002.[10] 1+  Canada
Stepan Petrenko 1922–1984 1941–1945 Soviet sniper during the Second World War with 422 confirmed kills, awarded the HSU (Hero of the Soviet Union).[20] 422  Soviet Union
Ranjith Premasiri Madalana (Nero) 1979–2009 2000–2009 A sniper in the Sri Lanka Army during the country's civil war who is recorded as having made 217 confirmed kills of Tamil Tigers.[41] 217  Sri Lanka
Graham Ragsdale 1969– 1988–2003 A former Canadian Army sniper who fought in Afghanistan in 2003.[10] N/A  Canada
Patrick Riel 1876–1916 1914–1916 A Métis Canadian attached to the 8th Battalion (90th Winnipeg Rifles), CEF during the First World War with 30 confirmed kills. Killed in action by shell fire on 14 January 1916.[42] 30  Canada
Ben Roberts-Smith 1978– 1996–2015 A sniper with the Australian Special Air Service Regiment who was awarded the Medal of Gallantry for his actions in 2006 during Operation Perth in the Chora Valley of Oruzgan Province, Afghanistan.[43] Subsequently awarded the Victoria Cross for Australia in 2011. N/A  Australia
Ian Robertson 1927–2014 1945–1953 A sniper with the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment after the Second World War, becoming one of the most effective snipers of the Korean War. In a single morning, Robertson killed 30 enemy soldiers.[44] 30+  Australia
Roza Shanina 1924–1945 1943–1945 A Soviet sniper during the Second World War, credited with 60 kills, including 12 soldiers during the Battle of Vilnius in 1944.[45] 60  Soviet Union
Randy Shughart 1958–1993 1976–1993 A Delta Force sniper who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for protecting the injured crew of a downed helicopter during the Battle of Mogadishu.[11] N/A  United States
Ivan Sidorenko 1919–1994 1939–1945 A Soviet sniper credited with over 500 kills during the Second World War. 500+  Soviet Union
Billy Sing 1886–1943 1914–1918 An Australian First World War sniper credited with over 150 confirmed kills.[46] 150+  Australia
Mikhail Surkov 1921–1953 1941–1945 Soviet sniper in World War II. Official documents indicate a tally around 236 kills, although newspapers inflated his tally to over 700 kills.[47][48] 236  Soviet Union
Bruno Sutkus 1924–2003 1944–1945 A Lithuanian sniper fighting in the German Army during the Second World War. He was credited with 209 kills on the Eastern Front between 1944 and 1945. 209  Nazi Germany
Abu Tahsin al-Salhi 1953–2017 1973–2017 A sniper who fought in the Yom Kippur War, Iran–Iraq War, invasion of Kuwait, Gulf War, as well as the 2003 Invasion of Iraq.[49][50][51] However, his kills in other wars other than against ISIS are unaccounted for and unknown. 341+ (against ISIS only)  Iraq
Adelbert Waldron 1933–1995 1968–1970 A United States Army sniper who formerly held the record for the most confirmed kills by a US military sniper (109).[52] 109  United States
Alvin York 1887–1964 1917–1918 An expert sharpshooter with the 82nd Infantry Division who used an M1917 Enfield rifle during the Meuse–Argonne offensive near Chatel-Chéhéry, France, 1918 in World War I. Medal of Honor recipient for leading an assault on machine gun positions. 28  United States
Vasily Zaytsev 1915–1991 1937–1945 A Soviet sniper who fought at the Battle of Stalingrad. Zaytsev is credited with 242 kills (including 11 snipers).[37] 242  Soviet Union
Zhang Taofang 1931–2007 1953–1985 A Chinese sniper who fought in the Korean War with 214 confirmed kills over 32 days.[53] 214  China
Jim the nailer N/A 1857 An unknown Indian sniper, who fought for the Oudh state during the Siege of Lucknow in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, nicknamed "Jim the nailer" by defending British soldiers.[54] N/A Oudh
Zhou Xixiang 1931– 1950–??? A Chinese sniper who fought in the Korean War with 203 confirmed kills with 206 bullets.[55] 203  China
Unnamed Royal Marine corporal N/A A soldier who is reputedly the deadliest sniper alive as of 2015 with 173 confirmed kills, mostly with the L115A3 on a single tour with British Army in Afghanistan in 2006–2007, including over 90 Taliban members in one day.[56] 173  United Kingdom

Non-military snipers

Not all snipers are highly trained professional soldiers. The term is sometimes ambiguously used to describe criminals firing from cover at long range with a rifle, as well as police sharpshooters. Some non-military snipers include:

Name Lived Notes Nationality
Frank Carter 1881–1927 A notorious murderer in Omaha, Nebraska, who claimed to have murdered 43 victims.[57]  United States
Michael Andrew Clark 1949–1965 A teenage sniper who killed three and wounded six in Highway 101 shooting spree on 25 April 1965.[58]  United States
Byron De La Beckwith 1920–2001 An ex-US Marine and white supremacist, assassinated NAACP field secretary Medgar Evers after the civil rights activist arrived home in Jackson, Mississippi on 12 June 1963.  United States
William "Billy" Dixon 1850–1913 Defended the Adobe Walls settlement against Native American attack with his legendary buffalo rifle, and was one of eight civilians in United States history to receive the Medal of Honor.  United States
Jack Hinson 1807–1874 A farmer who engaged Union troops at long range during the American Civil War and recorded 36 officer "kills" on his custom-made .50 caliber Kentucky long rifle with iron sights.[59]  United States
Lon Horiuchi 1954– A Federal Bureau of Investigation sniper who shot Randy Weaver and shot and killed Vicki Weaver at Ruby Ridge.[60]  United States
Thomas "Tom" Horn, Jr. 1860–1903 An American Old West lawman, scout, and hired gunman, known for shooting cattle rustlers and sheepherders at long range with a Sharps rifle.[61]  United States
John Allen Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo 1960–2009
1985–		 Perpetrators of the Beltway sniper attacks, a series of coordinated shootings that took place over three weeks in October 2002 in Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, D.C. Ten people were killed and three other victims were critically injured in several locations throughout the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area and along Interstate 95 in Virginia.  United States
Lee Harvey Oswald 1939–1963 A former US Marine who assassinated President John F. Kennedy and shot Governor John Connally in Dallas, Texas on 22 November 1963, and shot at General Edwin Walker on 10 April 1963.[62]  United States
Stephen Paddock 1953–2017 Perpetrator of the 2017 Las Vegas Shooting using multiple high-powered modified rifles from the 32nd floor of a high-rise hotel, killing 59 people and wounding over 700 others on 1 October 2017.  United States
Charles Whitman 1941–1966 A college student and former US Marine who fired from a clock tower on the University of Texas Austin campus, killing 14 and wounding 32 on 1 August 1966.[63]  United States

See also

References
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  14. Kennedy, Harold (March 2003). "Marine Corps Sets Sights on More Precise Shooting". National Defense Magazine. Archived from the original on 30 January 2007. Retrieved 30 March 2007. Founded in 1977, the school's first staff NCOIC was the famed sniper, Gunnery Sgt. Carlos Hathcock II, who was credited with 93 confirmed kills in Vietnam.
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