List of the mothers of the Mughal Emperors

This list includes the biological mothers of Mughal Emperors. There were nineteen emperors of the Mughal Empire in thirteen generations.[1] Throughout the 331-year history of the Mughal Empire the emperors were all members of the same house, the house of Timurid.

Name (Birth Name) Son Ethnicity Place of Origin
Qutlugh Nigar Khanum[2] Babur Turkic-Mongol Moghulistan, Chagatai Khanate
Maham Begum[3] Humayun Turkic-Mongol Khorasan, Persia[4]
Hamida Banu Begum (Maryam Makani)[5] Akbar Persian[6] Khorasan, Persia
Mariam uz-Zamani (Jodha Bai) Jahangir Rajput Amber, India
Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani (Manmati bai) Shah Jahan Rajput Marwar, India
Arjumand Banu Begum (Mumtaz Mahal) Aurangzeb Persian Agra, India
Nawab Bai (Rahmat-un-Nissa)[7] Bahadur Shah I Kashmiri Muslim Rajauri, Kashmir[7]
Nizam Bai[8] Jahandar Shah Hindu Hyderabad, Mughal Empire
Sahiba Nizwan Begum[9] Farrukhsiyar Muslim[9] Kashmir, Mughal Empire
Raziat un-nisa Begum Rafi ud-Darajat Turkic-Mongol Mughal Empire
Nur-un-Nissa Begum Shah Jahan II Persian Khurasan, Persia
Qudsia ul-Alqab Hazrat Begum (Fakhr un-nisa)[10] Muhammad Shah Muslim Mughal Empire
Qudsia Begum (Udham Bai) Ahmad Shah Bahadur Hindu Mughal Empire
Anup Bai Alamgir II Hindu Mughal Empire
Zinat Mahal (Bilal Kunar) Shah Alam II Hindu Mughal Empire
Qudsia Begum (unknown) Akbar Shah II Hindu Mughal Empire
Qudsia Begum (Lal Bai) Bahadur Shah II Hindu Mughal Empire

References
  1. Mughal Genealogical Table
  2. Gulbadan 1902, p. 272.
  3. Gulbadan 1902, p. 256.
  4. Gulbadan 1902, p. 244.
  5. Gulbadan 1902, p. 237.
  6. Gulbadan 1902, p. 237-9.
  7. Irvine 1922, p. 2.
  8. Irvine 1922, p. 141.
  9. Irvine 1922, p. 342.
  10. Irvine 1922, p. 125.

Bibliography
  • Gulbadan, Begum (1902). The History of Humayun (Humayun-Nama). Royal Asiatic Society.
  • Irvine, William (1922). Later Mughals. London: Luzac.
  • Jahangir (1909). Beveridge, Henry (ed.). The Tūzuk-i-Jahangīrī Or Memoirs Of Jahāngīr. Volume I. Translated by Rogers, Alexander. London: Royal Asiatic Society.
  • Jahangir (1914). Beveridge, Henry (ed.). The Tūzuk-i-Jahangīrī Or Memoirs Of Jahāngīr. Volume II. Translated by Rogers, Alexander. London: Royal Asiatic Society.
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