List of wars in the Low Countries until 1560

• Roman Republic annexes Gaul and Belgica

• Rebellion suppressed

• Roman withdrawal

• Roman withdrawal

• Germanic revolt/invasion defeated
• Temporary Roman occupation of Frisia

• Rebellion suppressed

• Turnacum and Cameracum become Frankish capitals

• Frisian Kingdom annexed

Pippinid faction (Austrasian)
Theudoald (715–717)
Plectrude (715–717)

• Neustrians defeat Pippinids (715)
• Charles subjects Pippinids, enthrones Chlothar (717)
• Carolingians defeat Neustrians (718)
• Chlothar dies, Charles recognises Chilperic as king
  but gains de facto power as palace mayor,
  establishing the Carolingian dynasty (718)

• Saxons and Frisians subdued

• West Francia
• Middle Francia/Lotharingia
• East Francia

• Viking devastation of cities such as Dorestad
• Count Henry defeated most Vikings by 885
• The Battle of Leuven (891) expelled the remaining Vikings

• Battle of Florennes (1015)
• Godfrey of Verdun becomes Duke of Lower Lorraine
• Henry of Leuven recognises Godfrey in 1018

• West Frisia obtains de facto autonomy

• Godfrey banished to Tuscany (1057)
• Flanders acquires Ename, loses Valenciennes (1059)
• Godfrey succeeds Frederick in Lower Lorraine (1065)

• Robert the Frisian becomes Count of Flanders

• Count Dirk V regainds West Frisia from Utrecht

• William Clito died of wounds, ending the war

• Holland conquers the region of West Friesland

• Leuven acquires the Lordship of Grimbergen

• Holland acquires Zeeland Bewestenschelde

• Ermesinde and her offspring inherited Luxemburg (1199)
• Namur sold to Guy of Dampierre (1263/5)

• Liège acquires Moha and Loon
• Brabant acquires Limburg and Overmaas
• Dual Lordship of Maastricht confirmed

• William recognised as count of Holland

• Moha annexed by Liège

• Truce of Chinon
• Collapse of the Angevin Empire

• Utrecht bishop dies in battle, new bishop proclaims crusade

• Drenthe retains de facto independence from Utrecht

• Dampierre obtains Flanders
• Avesnes obtains Hainaut

• Frederick II (1245–50)
• Conrad IV (1245–54)
• Alfonso X of Castile (1257–75)
• Rudolf of Habsburg (1273–5)

• Henry of Thuringia (1246–7)
• William II of Holland (1247–56)
• Richard of Cornwall (1257–72)
• Ottokar II of Bohemia

• Unanimous election of Rudolf of Habsburg in 1273
• Alfonso X of Castile renounced claim in 1275

• Status quo ante bellum

• Brabant acquires the Duchy of Limburg

• Status quo ante bellum

• Flanders cedes Lille, Douai, Bethune and Orchies to France
• Flanders remains independent

• Rebellion suppressed

• Guelders acquires the Lordship of Bredevoort
• Münster acquires the Lordship of Bermentfelde (in Borken)

• Restoration of pro-French count
• Repression of all who participated in the revolt

• Annexation of Loon by Liège
• Annexation of Chiny by Luxemburg

• England permanently loses all lands in France except Calais
• Valois-Burgundy becomes semi-independent state (1363)
• Burgundy starts gradual acquisition of Low Countries (1384)
• Flanders remains under French suzerainty (1453)

• Edward becomes duke of Guelders

• Holland remains in Burgundian hands

Duchy of Brabant (1364–1365)

• Brabant inherited Valkenburg in 1378

Duchy of Guelders
County of Zutphen

• Joanna recognised as duchess of Brabant
• Flanders and Guelders acquire some Brabantian lands

• Brabant regains county of Megen

• Duke of Brabant and Count of Namur captured
• Duke of Guelders and Count of Ligny killed

• William of Jülich recognised as duke of Guelders

• Peace of Tournai
• Ghent recognises royal and comital authority
• Ghent is granted amnesty

• English withdrawal

• Land of Cuijk acquired by Guelders

• Arkel sold to Holland
• Arkel later divided between Holland and Guelders

• Status quo ante bellum treaty

• Rudolf militarily defeats Guelders (1429)
• Pope Martin V and Zweder van Culemborg die (1431/3)
• Pope Eugenius IV recognises Rudolf (1432)
• Council of Basel dissolves, Antipope steps down (1449)
• Walraven van Meurs renounces claims (1449)
• Rudolf recognised as Prince-Bishop of Utrecht

• Treaty of Copenhagen (1441)

• Rebellion suppressed

• David of Burgundy recognised as Prince-Bishop of Utrecht

• Adolf reconciles with Arnold, but continues plotting

• Burgundy de facto annexes Liège

• Adolf imprisons Arnold (1465–1471)
• Adolf becomes Duke of Guelders
• Guelders reclaims Wachtendonk

• Burgundy inherits and conquers Guelders
• Adolf remains in Burgundian prison (1471–1477)

• Extinction of Valois-Burgundy
• Outbreak of the War of the Burgundian Succession

• Habsburg acquires Burgundian Netherlands and more
• France annexes the Duchy of Burgundy, Picardy and more
• Swiss Confederacy annexes some Burgundian lands

• De facto Guelderian independence

• Utrecht remains in Habsburg Burgundian hands

• City walls of Bruges demolished, loses economic position

• Holland remains in Habsburg hands

• Rebellion suppressed

 

County of Holland
County of Flanders
Duchy of Brabant
Duchy of Luxemburg

Imperial Frisia (Saxony) (1514–15)

Bishopric of Utrecht (1508–28)

Supported by:
Kingdom of France

County of East Frisia (1514–17)

Utrecht rebel groups (1520–28)

• Guelders, Utrecht, Frisia and Groningen annexed
• Overijssel and Drenthe detached from Utrecht
• Jülich and East Frisia remain independent

Habsburg Netherlands (1515–17)

24 German princes

• County of Oldenburg

County of East Frisia

City of Groningen
Ommelanden
Frisian rebels

Duchy of Guelders

• Imperial ban on Edzard of East Frisia lifted
• Habsburg nominally gains Frisia, Groningen & Ommelanden
• East Frisia nominally gains Harlingerland and Jever
• East Frisia cedes Friesische Wehde to Oldenburg

Lordship of Jever

• Jever becomes Habsburg vassal (1531)
• Harlingerland becomes Guelderian vassal
• East Frisia pays war indemnity to Guelders

• Rebellion suppressed

 

•  Saxony
• Brandenburg

Spanish Empire (incl. Netherlands)
 Kingdom of England

 

• Swiss mercenaries

Ottoman Empire
Jülich-Cleves-Berg

• Treaty of Crépy (1544)
• Treaty of Ardres (1546)

• Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559)