Loch Alsh

Loch Alsh (from the Scottish Gaelic Loch Aillse, "foaming lake"[1]) is a sea inlet between the isle of Skye in the Inner Hebrides and the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. The name is also used to describe the surrounding country and the feudal holdings around the loch. The area is rich in history, and is increasingly popular with tourists.

For other uses, see Lochalsh (disambiguation).

Loch Alsh
The Kyle (narrows) of Loch Alsh and the Skye Bridge
Loch Alsh
LocationWester Ross, Highland Region, Scotland
Coordinates57.27°N 5.66°W / 57.27; -5.66
Lake typeSea loch
Primary inflowsLoch Long (Highlands), Loch Duich
Primary outflowsInner Sound, Scotland
Basin countriesScotland
Max. length12 km (7.5 mi)
Max. width2.5 km (1.6 mi)
Surface elevation0 m (0 ft)
SettlementsKyle of Lochalsh, Ardelve, Balmacara

The hilly country around Loch Alsh has a temperate, well-watered climate. There is some pasture and woodland, but much of the area is moorland. The rocks are ancient Precambrian Gneiss, some of the oldest in the world, much eroded.

Location
Sketch map of area

The loch runs inland about 12 kilometres (7 1⁄2 miles) from Kyle of Lochalsh to Ardelve. From there Loch Duich continues southeast another 10 km (6 mi) to Shiel Bridge while Loch Long runs deeper into the mountains to the northeast. A narrow strait from the south of Loch Alsh leads to the Sound of Sleat that separates the Isle of Skye from the mainland. The loch is overlooked by Sgurr na Coinnich, which rises to 739 metres (2,425 ft) on Skye. The mainland hills to the north reach 452 m (1,483 ft) at the summit of Auchtertyre Hill and 344 m (1,129 ft) on Sgurr Mor but are generally lower and slope gradually down to the west.[2]

The ancient stronghold of Inverness is 50 mi (80 km) directly to the east over the Northwest Highlands.

The climate is temperate. Annual rainfall is around 2,300 mm (91 in) per year and temperatures range from 0–7 °C (32–45 °F) in January to 10–18 °C (50–64 °F) in July and August. On any given day of the year rain is more likely than not.[3] Much of the countryside is moorland or pasture but there are lowland areas of deciduous forest with native birchwoods and oakwoods and some conifer plantations.[4] At one time the forest would have been more extensive, but the early inhabitants converted parts of it to crofts (small farms) and when the Highland Clearances destroyed the crofts the land was kept as pasture.[5]

The loch witnessed the last invasion on the UK by Spanish forces in 1719.[6]

Geology

The loch lies between hills just east of the Moine Thrust Belt, an unusual geological structure that runs from the Sleat peninsula in Skye on a northeast diagonal to Loch Eriboll on the north coast of Scotland.[7] In this area, geologists found in 1907 that younger rocks from the west lay below the older rocks of the east, a discovery that helped lead to the modern theory of mountain building. The Lewisian gneisses around Loch Alsh were formed in the Precambrian period, about 2,800 million years ago, while the volcanic rocks, gabbro and granite that make up most of Skye, and that in some places lie under the older gneisses, are just 55 million years old.[8] The ancient metamorphic rocks around Loch Alsh have been heavily eroded over the years, most recently by a series of ice ages.[9]

Fauna
A Flame shell taken in Scotland

In 2012, a large colony of flame shells was discovered in the loch following a Marine Scotland commissioned survey, carried out by Heriot-Watt University. The reef is thought to consist of over 100 million flame shells covering 75 hectares (190 acres), making it the largest known reef of its kind in the UK.[10][11] In order to protect the flame shell beds the loch has since 2014 formed part of a Nature Conservation Marine Protected Area (NCMPA).[12]

References
  1. "Placename Gazetter" Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba. Retrieved 24 August 2010
  2. Loch Alsh, Glen Shiel and Loch Hourn, Ordnance Survey, 2007, ISBN 978-0-319-22991-0
  3. "Kinlochewe 1971–2000 averages" Archived 19 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine Met Office. Retrieved 23 November 2008
  4. "Balmacara" Forestry Commission. Retrieved 23 November 2008.
  5. "Lochalsh & The Isle of Skye Tourist Guide" www.lochalsh.co.uk Retrieved 23 November 2008
  6. Copping, Jasper (29 July 2013). "Enemies at the gates: The 73 'invasions' of Britain since 1066".
  7. Moine Thrust Belt – general information University of Leeds School of Earth and Environment. Retrieved 24 November 2008
  8. Rayner, Dorothy H. (1981), The stratigraphy of the British Isles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29961-9
  9. "Minerals from Skye: Geology" www.volcanicscotland.com. Retrieved 23 November 2008
  10. "Flame shell reef discovery". Marine Scotland. 27 December 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
  11. "Marine Scotland survey uncovers 'huge' flame shell bed". BBC News. 26 December 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
  12. "Lochs Duich, Long and Alsh MPA(NC)". NatureScot. Retrieved 11 October 2020.

Further reading
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