Lucien-Victor Guirand de Scévola

Lucien-Victor Guirand de Scévola (14 November 1871 in Sète, France – 29 March 1950 in Paris) was a French painter. He is known for his pioneering leadership of the Camoufleurs (the French Camouflage Department) in World War I.

Lucien-Victor Guirand de Scévola
Guirand de Scévola
Born(1871-11-14)14 November 1871
Sète, France
Died29 March 1950(1950-03-29) (aged 78)
Paris, France
NationalityFrench
EducationÉcole des beaux-arts de Paris
Known forPastel painting
MovementSymbolism
ElectedLégion d'honneur

Early life

De Scévola was a student of Fernand Cormon and Pierre Dupuis at the École des beaux-arts de Paris.[1]

Pastellist

De Scévola was a pastellist, remarkable for his silky, velvety and smooth style.

"Making his only aesthetic concern accuracy of the most naked kind" (E. Benézit), he left an extensive body of work including scenes of alcoves, landscapes, flowers and society portraits. However his Symbolist-inspired works are particularly esteemed. He exhibited at the Salon des artistes français.

De Scévola was a member of the Société des Pastellistes Français and the Comité de la Société des Beaux-Arts de Paris. He was made an Officer of the Légion d'honneur in 1914, by which time he was known as an elegant society portrait artist.[2]

Military camouflage
Sabre presented by the French army's "Section de Camouflage" to its head camoufleur, de Scévola

De Scévola is considered one of the inventors of military camouflage during World War I, together with Eugène Corbin and the painter Louis Guingot.[3][4][5][6]

In order to deform totally the aspect of an object, I had to employ the means that cubists use to represent it.

— Lucien-Victor Guirand de Scévola [7]

At the start of the war, in September 1914, De Scévola, serving as a second-class gunner, experimentally camouflaged a gun emplacement with a painted canvas screen. On 12 February 1915 General Joffre established the "Section de Camouflage" (English: Camouflage department) at Amiens.[8] By May 1915 the Section de Camouflage put up its first observation tree, an iron lookout post camouflaged with bark and other materials during the Battle of Artois.[9][10] By the end of 1915, De Scévola became commander of the French Camouflage Corps, employing cubist artists such as André Mare, a specialist in camouflaging lookout posts.[3] By 1917, De Scévola's team had grown to 3000, taking in artists including Jacques Villon, André Dunoyer de Segonzac, Charles Camoin, Louis Abel-Truchet and Charles Dufresne.[11]

Works

"SSNBA" indicates the work was exhibited at the Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts.

  • Road to Provence (exhibited at National Museum of Serbia)
  • Le Château de Versailles (SSNBA 1920)
  • Portrait du Marquis de Massa (SSNBA 1908)
  • Portrait de Mlle W. (SSNBA 1909)
  • Cour d'honneur (SSNBA 1909)
  • Portrait de Mlle Tiane (SSNBA 1911)
  • Portrait de M. Pierre Lafitte (SSNBA 1912)
  • Aïda Boni, de l'Opéra (SSNBA 1913)
  • Portrait de Mme V. G. (SSNBA 1910)
  • Mme Fournials
  • M. Severin sur son lit de mort
  • Portrait du général Fayolle

Publications
  • Guirand de Scévola, Lucien-Victor (December 1949). "Souvenir de Camouflage (1914-1918)". Revue des Deux Mondes (in French). Archived from the original on 2013-06-17. Retrieved 2012-08-18.

Paintings

References
Notes
  1. "Lucien Victor Guirand de Scevola - (1871 - 1950)". Villa Palagonia. 2011. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
  2. Wright, Patrick (23 June 2005). "Cubist Slugs". London Review of Books. 27 (12): 16–20.
  3. Forbes 2009, pp. 104–107
  4. Rankin, Nicholas (2009). A Genius for Deception: How Cunning Helped the British Win Two World Wars. Oxford University Press. pp. 24–25. ISBN 978-0-19-538704-9. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  5. "Ecole de Nancy - E. Corbin". ecole-de-nancy.com. 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  6. Bouton-Corbin, Philippe (2002). Eugène Corbin : collectionneur et mécène de l'École de Nancy, président des Magasins Réunis-Est, inventeur du camouflage de guerre (in French). Nancy: Association des amis du Musée de l'École de Nancy. ISBN 2913966063.
  7. Forbes 2009, p. 101
  8. Zaloga, Steven (2011). "French tank camouflage: the "Camoufleurs"". French Tanks of World War I. Osprey Publishing. pp. 41–42. ISBN 978-1-78096-213-9. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  9. Hartcup, Guy (1979). Camouflage: The History of Concealment and Deception in War. David & Charles. p. 63. ISBN 0-7153-7733-7. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  10. Danton, Louis (1915). "Cubisme et camouflage - L'Histoire par l'image". histoire-image.org (in French). Retrieved 18 August 2012. Example of observation tree made of steel and painted metal sheets at Armancourt (Somme) in March 1915.
  11. Adams, Henry (March 2011). "Ornithology, Infantry and Abstraction". Art & Antiques.
Bibliography
  • Forbes, Peter (2009). Dazzled and deceived : mimicry and camouflage. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300125399.

Further reading
  • Blechman, Hardy; Newman, Alex, eds. (2004). DPM : disruptive pattern material : an encyclopedia of camouflage : nature, military, culture. London: DPM Ltd. ISBN 095434040X.
  • Lelouche, Danielle (July 1993). "Cubisme et camouflage". Guerres mondiales et conflits contemporains. Représenter la guerre de 1914-1918. 173: 123–137. JSTOR 25730967.
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