Lumnitzera

Lumnitzera is an Indo-West Pacific mangrove genus in the family Combretaceae. An English common name is black mangrove.[3] (However, "black mangrove may also refer to the unrelated genus Avicennia.) Lumnitzera, named after the German botanist, Stephan Lumnitzer (1750-1806), occurs in mangroves from East Africa to the Western Pacific (including Fiji and Tonga), and northern Australia.[1]

Lumnitzera littorea, Tonga
Lumnitzera racemosa, Indonesia

Lumnitzera
Lumnitzera racemosa (flowering) - Kung Krabaen, Chantaburi province, Thailand
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Combretaceae
Genus: Lumnitzera
Willd. (1803)[1]
Range of Lumnitzera[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Bruguiera Thouars
  • Funckia Dennst.
  • Petaloma Roxb.
  • Pokornya Montrouz.
  • Problastes Reinw.
  • Pyrrhanthus Jack

The genus has two species of similar vegetative appearance but with differing flower colour. Lumnitzera littorea has red flowers whereas Lumnitzera racemosa has white flowers. Both species have flat and spoon-shaped (spathulate) leaves with emarginate tips. L. racemosa dominates in the western part of the range and L. littorea dominates in the east. Hybrids occur within the zone of overlap (Lumnitzera × rosea).[1]

Three genera of the tropical woody family Combretaceae, Laguncularia, Conocarpus, and Lumnitzera, are found in mangroves but Lumnitzera is the only one to occur in the Indo-West Pacific mangroves, including Australia.[1]

Lumnitzera racemosa var. racemosa (Tonga mangrove, Afrikaans: Tonga-wortelboom, Zulu: Isikhaha-esibomvu) is a protected tree in South Africa.[4]

List of species[2]
  • Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt
  • Lumnitzera pedicellata C.Presl
  • Lumnitzera racemosa Willd.
  • Lumnitzera × rosea C.Presl

There have been a number of taxa that possessed the Lumnitzera genus that are now unplaced or assigned to other taxa:

  • Lumnitzera caesia Spreng., unplaced[5]
  • Lumnitzera capitata (Roth) Spreng., synonym of Platostoma hispidum (L.) A.J.Paton[6]
  • Lumnitzera carnosa Spreng., synonym of Ocimum carnosum (Spreng.) Link & Otto ex Benth.[7]
  • Lumnitzera coccinea Wight & Arn., synonym of Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt[8]
  • Lumnitzera densiflora (Roth) Spreng., synonym of Isodon rugosus (Wall. ex Benth.) Codd[9]
  • Lumnitzera fastigiata (Roth) Spreng., synonym of Salvia plebeia R.Br.[10]
  • Lumnitzera lutea C.Presl, synonym of Lumnitzera racemosa var. lutea (Gaudich.) Exell[11]
  • Lumnitzera montana F.Muell., synonym of Macropteranthes montana (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth.[12]
  • Lumnitzera moschata (R.Br.) Spreng., synonym of Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench[13]
  • Lumnitzera pentandra Griff., synonym of Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt[14]
  • Lumnitzera polystachyon (L.) J.Jacq. ex Spreng., synonym of Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench[15]
  • Lumnitzera prostrata (L.) Spreng., synonym of Platostoma menthoides (L.) A.J.Paton[16]
  • Lumnitzera purpurea (Gaudich.) C. Presl, synonym of Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt[17]
  • Lumnitzera rubicunda (D.Don) Spreng., synonym of Orthosiphon rubicundus (D.Don) Benth.[18]
  • Lumnitzera salvioides (B.Heyne ex Roth) Spreng., synonym of Plectranthus salvioides (B.Heyne ex Roth) Benth.[19]
  • Lumnitzera tenuiflora (L.) Spreng., synonym of Ocimum tenuiflorum L.[20]
  • Lumnitzera virgata (D.Don) Spreng., synonym of Orthosiphon rubicundus var. rubicundus[21]

References
  1. "Lumnitzera". University of Queensland. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
  2. "Lumnitzera Willd". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  3. "Lumnitzera". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
  4. "Protected Trees" (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. 3 May 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2010.
  5. "Lumnitzera caesia Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  6. "Lumnitzera capitata (Roth) Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  7. "Lumnitzera carnosa Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  8. "Lumnitzera coccinea Wight & Arn". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  9. "Lumnitzera densiflora (Roth) Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  10. "Lumnitzera fastigiata (Roth) Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  11. "Lumnitzera lutea C.Presl". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  12. "Lumnitzera montana F.Muell". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  13. "Lumnitzera moschata (R.Br.) Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  14. "Lumnitzera pentandra Griff". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  15. "Lumnitzera polystachyon (L.) J.Jacq. ex Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  16. "Lumnitzera prostrata (L.) Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  17. "Lumnitzera purpurea C.Presl". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  18. "Lumnitzera rubicunda (D.Don) Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  19. "Lumnitzera salvioides (B.Heyne ex Roth) Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  20. "Lumnitzera tenuiflora (L.) Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  21. "Lumnitzera virgata (D.Don) Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.

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