MV Rena

In the late 1980s the Israeli shipping company Zim launched a major renovation and fleet expansion project, which included ordering 15 new ships. One of the new ships was ZIM America, which was laid down on 4 October 1989 at the Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG shipyard in Kiel, Germany. Delivered on 1 April 1990 and registered in Haifa, the new 3351 TEU container ship enabled Zim to offer a weekly fixed-day sailing schedule for its customers.[1][9][10] The ZIM America was later re-registered under the Maltese flag of convenience in 2004 with Valletta as her home port, and in 2007 she was renamed Andaman Sea.[2][11]

In 2010 the Andaman Sea was sold to Daina Shipping Co., a subsidiary of the Greek shipping company Costamare Inc. She was renamed Rena and registered in the port of Monrovia in Liberia.[1][2] In 2011 the shipping company signed a five-year charter for Rena with the Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC).[7]

Rena aground

On Wednesday, 5 October 2011, at 2:20 AM while sailing from Napier to Tauranga, the Rena ran aground on the Astrolabe Reef off the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand.[4][12] The ship was carrying 1,368 containers, eight of which contained hazardous materials, as well as 1,700 tonnes of heavy fuel oil and 200 tonnes of marine diesel.[13]

By Sunday, 9 October, a 5-kilometre (3.1 mi) oil slick threatened wildlife and the area's rich fishing waters.[14] Oil from the Rena began washing ashore at Mount Maunganui beach on 10 October.[15] Bad weather that night caused the ship to shift on the reef, and the crew were evacuated.[16][17] The shifting of the ship caused further damage, resulting in a further 130–350 tonnes of oil leaking.[17]

On 11 October the spill was declared New Zealand's worst ever maritime environmental disaster by Environment Minister Nick Smith.[18]

By 13 October the ship was listing by 20°, and 88 of her 1368 containers had fallen into the sea.[19]

Rena splitting

Due to increased pressure to her hull, Rena was expected at any point to split in two, furthering the environmental impact of the disaster.[20] It was reported on 14 October 2011, that Rena had cracked in two, held together only by her internal structure and the reef itself.

On 8 January 2012, it was reported that the Rena had broken in two, and while the bow section remained firmly grounded on the reef, the split had caused both sections to slew away from each other and settle lower in the water.[21] This caused further debris and oil to be released into the sea. By 10 January the stern section had been submerged almost completely,[6] and on 4 April it slipped further down the reef and disappeared completely from the surface.[22]