Macedonian conjugation

Macedonian conjugation (Macedonian: конјугација) is the creation of derived forms of a Macedonian verb from its principal parts by inflection.

Macedonian verbs are conventionally divided into three main conjugations according to the thematic vowel used in the citation form (i.e. 3p-pres-sg):

  • а–group (e.g. вика, бега);
  • и–group — further divided into three subgroups according to the thematic vowel in the 1p-aor-sg:
    • и–subgroup (носиносив, учиучив),
    • е–subgroup (остариостарев, оздравиоздравев),
    • а–subgroup (стоистојав, лежилежав).
  • е–group — further divided into four subgroups according to the thematic vowel in the 1p-aor-sg:
    • а–subgroup (викневикнав, паднепаднав),
    • е–subgroup (умреумрев, задрезадрев),
    • о–subgroup (печепеков, сечесеков),
    • ∅–subgroup (i.e. with an athematic stem; пиепив, триетрив).

Futurity is expressed by placing the invariable particle ќе before a verb phrase.

Synthetic series

The synthetic series consists of three simple tenses—the present, imperfect and aorist—and the imperative mood.

Present tense

Citation
form
Stem Present Tense (а–group)
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
викавик–викамвикашвикавикамевикатевикаат
бегабег–бегамбегашбегабегамебегатебегаат
Citation
form
Stem Present Tense (и–group)
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
носинос–носамносишносиносименоситеносат
учиуч–учамучишучиучимеучитеучат
остариостар–остарамостаришостариостаримеостаритеостарат
оздравиоздрав–оздравамоздравишоздравиоздравимеоздравитеоздрават
стоисто(и)–стојам1стоишстоистоиместоитестојат2
лежилеж–лежамлежишлежилежимележитележат

1, 2 The syllabic thematic vowel и changes to the non-syllabic ј when preceding inflectional suffixes which begin with a vowel.

Citation
form
Stem Present Tense (е–group)
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
викневикн–викнамвикнешвикневикнемевикнетевикнат
умреумр–умрамумрешумреумремеумретеумрат

Imperfect

Citation
form
Stem Imperfect (а–group)
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
викавика–викаввикашевикашевикавмевикавтевикаа
бегабега–бегавбегашебегашебегавмебегавтебегаа
Citation
form
Stem Imperfect (и–group)
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
одиоде–одеводешеодешеодевмеодевтеодеа
Citation
form
Stem Imperfect (е–group)
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
јадејаде–јадевјадешејадешејадевмејадевтејадеа
а–group
Citation
form
Stem Aorist (а–group)
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
прочитапрочита–прочитавпрочитапрочитапрочитавмепрочитавтепрочитаа
и–group
Citation
form
Stem Aorist (и–group, и–subgroup)
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
пратипрати–пративпратипратипративмепративтепратија3

3 An intrusive /j/ occurs between /i/ and /a/.

Citation
form
Stem Aorist (и–group, е–subgroup)
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
оздравиоздраве–оздравевоздравеоздравеоздравевмеоздравевтеоздравеа
Citation
form
Stem Aorist (и–group, а–subgroup)
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
издржииздржа–издржавиздржаиздржаиздржавмеиздржавтеиздржаа
е–group
Citation
form
Stem Aorist (е–group, а–subgroup)
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
станестана–станавстанастанастанавместанавтестанаа
Citation
form
Stem Aorist (е–group, е–subgroup)
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
сотресотре–сотревсотресотресотревмесотревтесотреа
Citation
form
Stem Aorist (е–group, о–subgroup)
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
дојдедојд–дојдовдојдедојдедојдовмедојдовтедојдоа
Citation
form
Stem Aorist (е–group, ∅–subgroup)
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
измиеизми–измивизмиизмиизмивмеизмивтеизмија4

4 An intrusive /j/ occurs between /i/ and /a/.

Imperative mood

Citation
form
Stem Imperative (а–group)
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
викавик–викајвикајте
бегабег–бегајбегајте
Citation
form
Stem Imperative (и–group)
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
носинос–носиносете
учиуч–учиучете
Citation
form
Stem Imperative (е–group)
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
викневикн–викнивикнете
умреумр–умриумрете

Non-finite series

The non-finite series consists of the verbal л-form, verbal adverb, verbal noun and verbal adjective.

  • The verbal л-form occurs in two forms: one based on the imperfect stem and one based on the aorist stem. The verbal л-form inflects for gender and number.
Stem base Verbal л-form of донесе
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural (all genders)
Imperfectдонелдонеладонелодонеле
Aoristдонесолдонесладонеслодонесле
  • The verbal adverb is an invariant form, based on the imperfect stem with the addition of the suffix -јќи; ex. викајќи.
  • The verbal noun is based on the imperfect stem of imperfective verbs with the addition of the suffix -ње; ex. одење. The verbal noun inflects for number and case as with other nouns.
  • The verbal adjective is based on the aorist stem when the stem ends in /a/. Otherwise, the imperfect stem is used. It is formed by adding -/t/ to the end of the stem where the vowel is preceded by -/n/ or -/ɲ/, otherwise -/n/ is used; for example, покани 'to invite' has the verbal adjective поканет 'invited', and дојде 'to come' has the verbal adjective дојден 'arrived'. The verbal adjective inflects for number, gender and case as with other adjectives.

Analytic series

The analytic series consists of compound tenses and the conditional mood. It is further divided into the сум-series, беше-pluperfect series and има-series.

Сум-series

  • The сум-aorist is formed using the present tense of сум (inflecting for person, and dropped in 3P sg. and 3P pl.) and the aorist verbal л-form.
  • The сум-imperfect is formed using the present tense of сум (inflecting for person, and dropped in 3P sg. and 3P pl.) and the imperfect verbal л-form
Verb Tense Сум-series
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
галиAoristсум галилси галилгалилсме галилесте галилегалиле
галиImperfectсум галелси галелгалелсме галелесте галелегалеле

Беше-pluperfect series

  • The беше-aorist is formed using the aorist of сум (inflecting for person, and dropped in 3P sg. and 3P pl.) and the aorist verbal л-form.
  • The беше-imperfect is formed using the imperfect of сум (inflecting for person, and dropped in 3P sg. and 3P pl.) and the imperfect verbal л-form.
Verb Tense Беше-pluperfect series
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
галиAoristбев галилбеше галилбеше галилбевме галилебевте галилебеа галиле
галиImperfectбев галелбеше галелбеше галелбевме галелебевте галелебеа галеле

Има-series

  • The има-perfect is formed using the present tense of има (inflecting for person) and the neuter sg. verbal adjective.
  • The имаше-pluperfect is formed using the imperfect of има (inflecting for person) and the neuter sg. verbal adjective.
  • The имал-perfect is formed using the present tense of сум (inflecting for person, and dropped in 3P sg. and 3P pl.), the verbal л-form of има and the neuter sg. verbal adjective.
Verb Tense Има-series
Singular Plural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
галиИма-perfectимам галеноимаш галеноима галеноимаме галеноимате галеноимаат галено
галиИмаше-pluperfectимав галеноимаше галеноимаше галеноимавме галеноимавте галеноимаа галено
галиИмал-perfectсум имал галеноси имал галеноимал галеносме имале галеносте имате галеноимале галено

Conditional mood

The conditional mood is formed using the invariant particle би with the verbal л-form. Imperfective and perfective verbs typically use the imperfect and aorist verbal л-forms, respectively.

Bibliography

  • FlexiMac — an automatic conjugator for Macedonian verbs.
  • Vigna.mk — Macedonian aspectual conjugator.
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