Malwa Subah
The Malwa Subah was one of the original twelve Subahs (imperial provinces) of the Mughal Empire, including Gondwana, from 1568-1743. Its seat was Ujjain. It bordered Berar, Kandesh, Ahmadnagar (Deccan), Gujarat, Ajmer, Agra and Allahabad subahs as well as the independent and tributary chiefdoms in the east.
| Malwa Subah مالوا | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subah of the Mughal Empire | |||||||||
| 1568–1736 | |||||||||
| Capital | Ujjain | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
| • Coordinates | 23.177°N 75.786°E | ||||||||
| Government | |||||||||
| Subahdar | |||||||||
• 1561 | Adham Khan Koka | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• First conquered from Baz Bahadur | 1561 | ||||||||
• Established | 1568 | ||||||||
• Conquered by Maratha Empire | 1736 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | India | ||||||||
History
Malwa was earlier an independent sultanate. Its last ruler Baz Bahadur was defeated and its capital Mandu was conquered in 1562 by the Mughal Emperor Akbar’s army led by Abdullah Khan, the Uzbeg.[1] He was appointed its first governor. In 1564 he was replaced by Qara Bahadur Khan. In 1568 it became a subah of Mughal empire. One of its last governors was Sawai Jai Singh, who was the governor of the Subah for three times, from 1714-17, from 1729-30 and from 28 September 1732 to 4 August 1737.[2] The Mughal hold on Malwa ended in 1743, when Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao obtained the formal grant of Naib-subahdari (deputy governorship) of Malwa.
Administrative divisions
Malwa Subah comprised 12 sarkars (districts): Ujjain, Chanderi, Raisen, Garha Mandla, Sarangpur, Bijagarh, Mandu, Handia, Nandurbar, Mandsaur, Gagron and Kotri-Parava. These sarkars are further divided into 301 parganas. The city of Ujjain was the capital of the subah.[3]
The sarkars (districts) and the parganas (tehsils) of Malwa Subah were:
| Sarkar | Pargana |
|---|---|
| Ujjain | 10 parganas, Ujjain was the capital |
| Raisen | 32 parganas |
| Garha Mandla | 57 parganas |
| Chanderi | 61 parganas |
| Sarangpur | 24 parganas |
| Bijagarh | 29 parganas |
| Mandu | 16 parganas |
| Handia | 23 parganas |
| Nandurbar | 7 parganas |
| Mandsaur | 17 parganas |
| Gagron | 12 parganas |
| Kotri Parava | 10 parganas |
Mughal Subahdars (Governors) of Malwa (1561 - 1736)
| Personal Name[4] | Reign | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Conquest of Malwa from Baz Bahadur by the Mughal Emperor Akbar | |||
| Adham Khan Koka | 1561 C.E. | ||
| Pir Muhammad Khan | 1561 | ||
| Malwa retaken by Baz Bahadur | |||
| Abdullah Khan Uzbek | 1562 - 1564 | ||
| Abdullah Khan Uzbek revolts; Malwa retaken by Emperor Akbar | |||
| Muhammad Quli Khan Barlas | 1564 - 1566 | ||
| Shihab-ud-din Ahmed Khan | 1566 - 1568 | ||
| Qutb-ud-din Muhammad Khan | 1568 - ? | ||
| Muzaffar Khan Turbati | 1573? - ? | ||
| Shihab-ud-din Ahmed Khan | 1574? - 1577? | ||
| Qutb-ud-din Muhammad Khan | 1577? - ? | ||
| Mirza Aziz Koka Khan-e-Azam | 1578? - 1590 | ||
| Ahmed? | 1590 | ||
| Sultan Murad Mirza | 1590 - 1594 | ||
| Mirza Shahrukh | 1594 - 1600 | ||
| Sultan Daniyal Mirza | 1600 - 1604 | ||
| Pir Khan Lodhi Khan Jahan II | 1627 - ? | ||
| Abdullah Khan Firoz Jang | 1657 - ? | ||
| Mukhtiyar Khan | 1697 - 1701 | ||
| Abu Nasr Khan Shaista Khan II | 1701 - 1704 | ||
| Sultan Bidar Bakht | 1704 - 1706 | ||
| Ikhlas Khan Khan-e-Aalam | 1706 - 1707 | ||
| Nijabat Khan | 1707 | ||
| Abdullah Khan | 1707 | ||
| Sawai Mirza Raja Jai Singh II | 1714 - 1717 | ||
| Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan, Nizam-ul-Mulk | 1719 - 1722 | ||
| Girdhar Bahadur | 1722 - 1723 | ||
| Azim-ullah Khan | 1723 - 1725 | ||
| Girdhar Bahadur | 1725 - 1728 | ||
| Sawai Mirza Raja Jai Singh II | 1729 - 1730 | ||
| Muhammad Khan Bangash Ghazanfar Jang | 1730 - 1732 | ||
| Sawai Mirza Raja Jai Singh II | 1732 - 1736 | ||
| Conquered by Marathas under Baji Rao I in 1736 C.E. | |||
See also
Notes
- Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2007). The Mughul Empire, Mumbai:Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, ISBN 81-7276-407-1, p.113
- Sarkar, Jadunath (1984). A History of Jaipur, New Delhi:Orient Longman, ISBN 81-250-0333-9, pp.163-86
- Abul Fazl-i-Allami (1949, reprint 1993). Ain-i-Akbari, Vol.II (English tr. by H.S. Jarrett, rev. by J.N. Sarkar), Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, pp.206-31
- Eaton, Richard M. (1993). The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 325–6. ISBN 0-520-20507-3.