Manihot

Manihot is a genus in the diverse milkspurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It was described as a genus in 1754.[5][3]

Manihot
Manihot palmata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Crotonoideae
Tribe: Manihoteae
Genus: Manihot
Mill. 1754 not Adans. 1763[1]
Type species
Manihot esculenta
Crantz.[2][3]
Synonyms[4]

Hotnima A.Chev.
Janipha Kunth
Mandioca Link
Manihotoides D.J.Rogers & Appan[1]

Species of Manihot are monecious trees, shrubs and a few herbs that are native to the Americas, from Arizona in the United States south to Argentina and Uruguay.[4] The best known member of this genus is the widely cultivated cassava (Manihot esculenta).[6]

Manihot species are used as food plants by the larvae of some species of Lepidoptera including Endoclita sericeus and Hypercompe hambletoni.

Species[4]
  1. Manihot acuminatissima Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Bahia
  2. Manihot aesculifolia (Kunth) Pohl – Mexico, Central America
  3. Manihot alutacea D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás
  4. Manihot angustiloba (Torr.) Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Arizona
  5. Manihot anisophylla (Griseb.) Müll.Arg. – N Argentina
  6. Manihot anomala Pohl – South America
  7. Manihot attenuata Müll.Arg. - Goiás
  8. Manihot auriculata McVaugh – Jalisco, Nayarit
  9. Manihot baccata Allem – Fr Guiana, NE Brazil
  10. Manihot brachyandra Pax & K.Hoffm. – Bahia
  11. Manihot brachyloba Müll.Arg. – Central Amer, Dominican Rep, N South America
  12. Manihot breviloba – Sergipe
  13. Manihot caerulescens Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay
  14. Manihot carthagenensis (Jacq.) Müll.Arg. – N South America, Trinidad, Curaçao
  15. Manihot catingae Ule – Bahia, Minas Gerais
  16. Manihot caudata Greenm. – N Mexico
  17. Manihot cecropiifolia – Goiás, Distrito Federal
  18. Manihot chlorosticta Standl. & Goldman – Mexico
  19. Manihot compositifolia Allem – Bahia
  20. Manihot condensata D.J.Rogers & Appan – Bolivia
  21. Manihot corymbiflora Pax & K.Hoffm. – Rio de Janeiro
  22. Manihot crassisepala Pax & K.Hoffm. – México State, Morelos, Jalisco
  23. Manihot crotalariiformis Pohl – Minas Gerais
  24. Manihot davisiae Croizat – Arizona, Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa
  25. Manihot diamantinensis Allem – Bahia
  26. Manihot dichotoma Ule – NE Brazil
  27. Manihot divergens Pohl – Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais
  28. Manihot epruinosa Pax & K.Hoffm. – Piauí, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia
  29. Manihot esculenta Crantz – from Mexico to Brazil
  30. Manihot falcata D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás, Distrito Federal
  31. Manihot filamentosa Pittier – NW Venezuela
  32. Manihot flemingiana D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso
  33. Manihot foetida (Kunth) Pohl – C + N Mexico
  34. Manihot fortalezensis Nassar, D.G.Ribeiro, Bomfim & P.T.C.Gomes – Ceará
  35. Manihot fruticulosa (Pax) D.J.Rogers & Appan – Brazil
  36. Manihot gabrielensis Allem – Goiás
  37. Manihot gracilis Pohl – Paraguay, Brazil
  38. Manihot grahamii Hook. – S Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
  39. Manihot guaranitica Chodat & Hassl. – N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia
  40. Manihot handroana Cruz – Minas Gerais
  41. Manihot hassleriana – Paraguay
  42. Manihot heptaphylla Ule – Bahia
  43. Manihot hilariana Baill. – Minas Gerais
  44. Manihot hunzikeriana Mart.Crov. – Rio Grande do Sul, Misiones
  45. Manihot inflata Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná
  46. Manihot irwinii D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás
  47. Manihot jacobinensis Müll.Arg. – Mato Grosso, Bahia
  48. Manihot janiphoides Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Minas Gerais
  49. Manihot jolyana Cruz – São Paulo
  50. Manihot leptophylla Pax – NW South America
  51. Manihot longepetiolata Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais
  52. Manihot maracasensis Ule – Bahia
  53. Manihot marajoara Huber – Pará, Amapá
  54. Manihot mcvaughii V.W.Steinm. – Michoacán
  55. Manihot membranacea Pax & K.Hoffm. – Mato Grosso
  56. Manihot michaelis McVaugh – Colima, Jalisco
  57. Manihot mirabilis Pax – Paraguay
  58. Manihot mossamedensis Taub. – Goiás
  59. Manihot nana Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Minas Gerais
  60. Manihot neusana Nassar – Paraná
  61. Manihot nogueirae Allem – Distrito Federal
  62. Manihot oaxacana D.J.Rogers & Appan – Oaxaca
  63. Manihot obovata J.Jiménez Ram. – Guerrero
  64. Manihot oligantha Pax & K.Hoffm. – Goiás
  65. Manihot orbicularis Pohl – Goiás
  66. Manihot palmata Müll.Arg. – Rio de Janeiro
  67. Manihot pauciflora Brandegee – Puebla, Oaxaca
  68. Manihot paviifolia Pohl – Goiás
  69. Manihot peltata Pohl – Goiás
  70. Manihot pentaphylla Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay
  71. Manihot peruviana Müll.Arg. – Loreto, San Martin
  72. Manihot pilosa Pohl – E Brazil
  73. Manihot pohliana Müll.Arg. – Bahia
  74. Manihot pohlii Wawra – Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
  75. Manihot populifolia Pax – Paraguay
  76. Manihot pringlei S.Watson – Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro
  77. Manihot procumbens Müll.Arg. – Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraguay
  78. Manihot pruinosa Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
  79. Manihot pseudoglaziovii Pax & K.Hoffm. – Ceará, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba
  80. Manihot pulchrifolius M.J. Silva – Brazil
  81. Manihot purpureocostata Pohl – Goiás
  82. Manihot pusilla Pohl – Goiás
  83. Manihot quinquefolia Pohl – Bahia
  84. Manihot quinqueloba Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
  85. Manihot quinquepartita Huber ex D.J.Rogers & Appan – Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso
  86. Manihot reniformis Pohl – Bahia
  87. Manihot reptans Pax – Goiás, Minas Gerais
  88. Manihot rhomboidea Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Central America
  89. Manihot rubricaulis I.M.Johnst. – Mexico
  90. Manihot sagittatopartita Pohl – Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais
  91. Manihot salicifolia Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
  92. Manihot sparsifolia Pohl – Goiás
  93. Manihot stipularis Pax – Distrito Federal, Goiás
  94. Manihot stricta Baill. – Peru, Mato Grosso, Goiás
  95. Manihot subspicata Rogers & Appan – Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas
  96. Manihot surinamensis D.J.Rogers & Appan – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas
  97. Manihot tenella Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Paraguay
  98. Manihot tomatophylla Standl. – Morelos, Jalisco, Michoacán
  99. Manihot tomentosa Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais
  100. Manihot triloba (Sessé) McVaugh ex Miranda – Mexico
  101. Manihot tripartita (Spreng.) Müll.Arg. – Brazil, Paraguay
  102. Manihot triphylla Pohl – Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais
  103. Manihot tristis Müll.Arg. – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas, N Brazil
  104. Manihot variifolia Pax & K.Hoffm. – Paraguay
  105. Manihot violacea Pohl – Brazil
  106. Manihot walkerae Croizat – Texas, Tamaulipas
  107. Manihot websteri D.J.Rogers & Appan – Puebla, Oaxaca
  108. Manihot weddelliana Baill. – Goiás
  109. Manihot xavantinensis D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso
  110. Manihot zehntneri Ule – Bahia
variety treated as a species
  1. Manihot carthaginensis subsp. glaziovii = Manihot glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem
formerly included[4]

moved to Aleurites Cnidoscolus Jatropha

  1. M. curcas – Jatropha curcas
  2. M. diversifolia – Jatropha diversifolia
  3. M. gossypiifolia – Jatropha gossypiifolia
  4. M. herbacea – Cnidoscolus urens
  5. M. moluccana – Aleurites moluccanus
  6. M. multifida – Jatropha multifida
  7. M. spinosissima – Cnidoscolus vitifolius
  8. M. urens – Cnidoscolus urens

References
  1. "Genus: Manihot Mill". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2004-03-31. Retrieved 2011-05-06.
  2. lectotype designated by R.A. Howard, Fl. Lesser Antilles 5: 64 (1989)
  3. Tropicos, Manihot Mill.
  4. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. Miller, Philip. 1754. Gardeners Dictionary...Abridged...fourth edition vol. 2
  6. Second, G; C. Iglesias (2001). "Chapter 11: The State of the Use of Cassava Genetic Diversity and a Proposal to Enhance it". In H. David Cooper, Charlie Spillane (ed.). Broadening the Genetic Base of Crop Production. CABI. pp. 202–203. ISBN 978-0-85199-411-6.

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