Marc Emery

In 1982 and 1985, Emery unsuccessfully ran for Alderman in Ward 3 of Hamilton, Ontario.[5]

Emery worked on the New Democratic Party's campaign in London East in the 1979 federal election.[6] He was a critic of slow police response times to robberies, advocating for private security officers for merchants and business owners.[5] He started a campaign to eliminate the annual levy tax of $35 a year for downtown improvements, stating that it favoured a handful of the elite. He ran for the Libertarian Party of Canada in the 1980 federal election, finishing fourth in London East.[6]

Emery later left the Libertarians and became a London-area organizer for the libertarian Unparty, later renamed the Freedom Party of Ontario.[7] Emery served as the Freedom Party's Action Director from 1984 to 1990. In 1984, Emery, the Freedom Party, and the No Tax for Pan-Am Games Committee (founded by Emery and Metz) successfully campaigned against London's bid for the 1991 Pan American Games, saying the city would lose millions.[8][9] Emery ran as a candidate of the Freedom Party in the rural constituency of Middlesex, near London, in the 1987 provincial election. He received 499 votes for a distant fifth-place finish.

In May 1987 during a strike by city workers, Emery paid for truck rentals and volunteers to do the jobs of the striking workers. This caused outrage, leading to the strikers threatening to dump garbage on Emery's front lawn.[5]

He ran for mayor of the city of Vancouver in 1996, 2002 and 2008.

Emery moved to Vancouver, British Columbia in March 1994, and founded Hemp BC, a store selling cannabis-related paraphernalia.[10] Bongs and pipes were illegal to sell or promote in Canada[11] and were not readily available at the time.

Starting in late 1994, Emery began selling seeds after attending the High Times Cannabis Cup.[12] The business was featured on the front page of The Wall Street Journal in 1995.[13] In early 1995 he launched Cannabis Canada Magazine, which was renamed Cannabis Culture magazine in 1998.

The store was raided twice in 1996 and 1997. Emery received charges relating to illegal sales of paraphanelia and seeds, as well as assaulting a police officer.[14] He was later convicted and given a $2,200 fine for the sales and jail time for the assault.[15][16] Emery was also banned from returning to the 300 block of West Hastings, where his businesses were located.[17]

The store was repeatedly raided through 1998 after its sale to the store manager.[18] Her business licence was subsequently revoked by the city.[19][20] In August 1998, Vancouver Mayor Philip Owen had told The New York Times that Hemp BC was "going to be toast by September."[21] Emery switched his walk-in marijuana seed business to mail-order only, and continued to publish Cannabis Culture magazine. In early 2000 he established Pot-TV, a marijuana-related video channel.[22][23] From 1998 until his arrest in 2005, Emery paid provincial and federal taxes as a "marijuana seed vendor" totalling nearly $600,000.[24]

On December 15, 2016, Marc and Jodie Emery opened six illegal Cannabis Culture marijuana "dispensaries" in Montreal, Quebec as an act of "civil disobedience".[25] On 16 December 2016, Marc Emery was arrested at the Mont-Royal Avenue store, during a series of raids conducted by the Montreal police.[26] Jodie Emery was released later that night with no charges, while Marc was held overnight.[27] Following this arrest, Emery continued to open dispensary franchises in cities such as Hamilton and Ottawa.[28] At one time, a total of 19 Cannabis Culture dispensaries were in operation in British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec.[29]

In 1991, Emery was convicted for selling copies of 2 Live Crew's rap CD As Nasty As They Wanna Be which had been deemed obscene and banned in Ontario.[51][52] He was given one year's probation, but immediately after sentencing he began selling marijuana-related literature and High Times magazine, all in violation of Canadian law.[30][53] Emery invited local police to his store to arrest him, but the police refused to charge him or interfere.[31] He also sponsored visits from marijuana luminaries such as Ed Rosenthal, Steven Hager, Jack Herer and Paul Mavrides.[54]

Court documents showed that four American Navy undercover agents attempted to buy marijuana and smoke it at the Vancouver Cannabis Cafe in April 1998. The documents showed the Naval Criminal Investigative Service agents worked in a joint operation with Vancouver police.[55] Emery was convicted on charges of selling marijuana seeds in 1998, and received a $2,000 fine.[24]

On August 19, 2004, Emery was sentenced to 92 days in jail in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Emery had been convicted of trafficking because a witness saw him pass a joint in March 2004.[56] Emery's supporters held an ongoing daily vigil outside the courthouse until he was released.[57][58][59] On October 18 he was released from the Saskatoon correctional centre after serving 61 days of his sentence.[60]

One of the six Cannabis Culture shops opened by Marc Emery in Montreal in December 2016, leading to his arrest.

On July 29, 2005, Canadian police, acting on a request from the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA),[61] simultaneously raided the BC Marijuana Party Bookstore and Headquarters in Vancouver and arrested Emery for extradition to the United States outside a storefront in Lawrencetown, Nova Scotia.[62][63][64]

American authorities charged Emery and co-defendants Gregory Keith Williams and Michelle Rainey-Fenkarek with "'Conspiracy to Distribute Marijuana", "Conspiracy to Distribute Marijuana Seeds" and "Conspiracy to Engage in Money Laundering". Even though all the alleged offences occurred in Canada, Canadian police did not lay any charges.[65]

The day of Emery's arrest, American DEA Administrator Karen Tandy made a public statement asserting that the arrest was "a significant blow not only to the marijuana trafficking trade in the U.S. and Canada, but also to the marijuana legalization movement."[66] Emery was freed on a $50,000 bail.

Federal Detention Center, SeaTac, where Emery resided in 2010.

Emery and his two associates, all charged in the United States with drug and money laundering offences, each faced a minimum 10-year sentence and the possibility of life imprisonment if convicted there. On January 14, 2008, Emery agreed to a tentative plea-bargain with U.S. authorities. The terms of the agreement were a 5-year prison term to be served in both Canadian and U.S. prisons.[67] In return, he demanded the charges against his associates be dropped.[68] On March 27, 2008 the plea-bargain deal collapsed because of the refusal of the Canadian government to approve its side of the arrangement.[69] Emery agreed to plead guilty to one charge of drug distribution and accept a five-year sentence in the USA.[70][71]

During Emery's 45 day incarceration while awaiting extradition to a US federal prison, his supporters held a continuous vigil outside the prison with tents and banners, ending when Emery was released on bail.[72][73][74] On May 10, 2010, Justice Minister Rob Nicholson signed the order for Emery to surrender to authorities, which he did that same day.[75] On May 20, 2010, Emery was extradited to the United States, pleading guilty on May 24 to one count of conspiracy to manufacture marijuana. On September 10, 2010, Emery was sentenced to 5 years in prison minus time served.[76] While at the Federal Detention Center in SeaTac, Washington Emery was locked in a Segregated Housing Unit (SHU) for three weeks as a result of allowing his wife to record a message from him over the phone.[77]

On June 30, 2014, Emery announced his pending release in a blog post on the Cannabis Culture website.[78] On July 9, 2014, he was released, having served just over four years of his five-year sentence having earned 235 days of good conduct credit.[79]

Marc and Jodie Emery were again arrested at Toronto Pearson International Airport on March 8, 2017.[80] He faced 15 charges, including conspiracy to commit an indictable offence, trafficking, possession for the purpose of trafficking, and possession of proceeds of crime. Jodie Emery faced five similar counts.[27] On March 9, 2017, search warrants were given in Toronto, Hamilton, and Vancouver as part of "Project Gator" a Toronto Police Service project that targeted marijuana dispensaries. This was in reaction to Acting Inspector Steve Watts allegations of Cannabis Culture having ties to organized crime.[81] Five dispensaries in Toronto, one in Hamilton, one in Vancouver, and another in Ottawa were raided and shut down. Police seized $250,000 in cash in several different currencies. The police also searched two homes in Toronto, one in Stoney Creek, Ontario, and one in Vancouver that all had ties to Emery's Cannabis Culture franchise.[82] Some of the dispensaries reopened the next day.[83] On March 10, Marc and Jodie were granted bail, with conditions limiting or banning their access to marijuana and Canabis Culture franchises. After a guilty plea, the couple was convicted of drug-related charges on December 18, 2017, fined and placed on two years probation.[29] Three other individuals were also convicted of drug-related charges.[84] The couple had claimed that the operation of pot shops was a form of civil disobedience, but Justice Leslie Chapin ruled as follows: "No doubt there were pro-social motivations that were behind the actions, but at the same time, I have to recognize that much profit was made".[29]