MariaDB

MariaDB is a community-developed, commercially supported fork of the MySQL relational database management system (RDBMS), intended to remain free and open-source software under the GNU General Public License. Development is led by some of the original developers of MySQL, who forked it due to concerns over its acquisition by Oracle Corporation in 2009.[6]

MariaDB
Developer(s)MariaDB Corporation AB, MariaDB Foundation
Initial release29 October 2009 (2009-10-29)[1]
Stable release
10.5.8[2]  / 11 November 2020 (11 November 2020)
Preview release10.5.3[3]  (12 May 2020 (12 May 2020)) [±]
Repository
Written inC, C++, Perl, Bash
Operating systemLinux, Windows, macOS[4]
Available inEnglish
TypeRDBMS
LicenseGPLv2, LGPLv2.1 (client libraries)[5]
Websitemariadb.com (MariaDB Corporation AB, formerly SkySQL Corporation AB)
mariadb.org (MariaDB Foundation)

MariaDB intended to maintain high compatibility with MySQL, ensuring a drop-in replacement capability with library binary parity and exact matching with MySQL APIs and commands. However, new features diverge more.[7] It includes new storage engines like Aria, ColumnStore, and MyRocks.

Its lead developer/CTO is Michael "Monty" Widenius, one of the founders of MySQL AB and the founder of Monty Program AB. On 16 January 2008, MySQL AB announced that it had agreed to be acquired by Sun Microsystems for approximately $1 billion. The acquisition completed on 26 February 2008. Sun was then bought the following year by Oracle Corporation. MariaDB is named after Monty's younger daughter, Maria. (MySQL is named after his other daughter, My.)[8]

Versioning

MariaDB version numbers follow the MySQL's numbering scheme up to version 5.5. Thus, MariaDB 5.5 offers all of the MySQL 5.5 features. There exists a gap in MySQL versions between 5.1 and 5.5, while MariaDB issued 5.2 and 5.3 point releases.

Since specific new features have been developed in MariaDB, the developers decided that a major version number change was necessary.[9][10]

Version Original release date Latest version Release date Status End of Life[11]
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.1 29 October 2009 (2009-10-29)[12] 5.1.67 2013-01-30[13] Stable (GA) Old version, no longer maintained: Feb 2015
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.2 10 April 2010 (2010-04-10)[14] 5.2.14 2013-01-30[15] Stable (GA) Old version, no longer maintained: Nov 2015
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.3 26 July 2011 (2011-07-26)[16] 5.3.12 2013-01-30[17] Stable (GA) Old version, no longer maintained: Mar 2017
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.5 25 February 2012 (2012-02-25)[18] 5.5.68 2020-05-12[19] Stable (GA) Old version, no longer maintained: Apr 2020
Old version, no longer maintained: 10.0 12 November 2012 (2012-11-12)[20] 10.0.38 2019-01-31[21] Stable (GA) Old version, no longer maintained: Mar 2019
Old version, no longer maintained: 10.1 30 June 2014 (2014-06-30)[22] 10.1.48 2020-11-04[23] Stable (GA) Old version, no longer maintained: Oct 2020
Older version, yet still maintained: 10.2 18 April 2016 (2016-04-18)[24] 10.2.36 2020-11-11[25] Old stable (GA) Older version, yet still maintained: May 2022
Older version, yet still maintained: 10.3 16 April 2017 (2017-04-16)[26] 10.3.27 2020-11-11[25] Old stable (GA) Older version, yet still maintained: May 2023
Older version, yet still maintained: 10.4 9 November 2018 (2018-11-09)[27] 10.4.17 2020-11-11[25] Old stable (GA) Older version, yet still maintained: Jun 2024
Current stable version: 10.5 3 December 2019 (2019-12-03)[28] 10.5.8 2020-11-11[25] Stable (GA) Current stable version: Jun 2025
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release


Third-party software

MariaDB's API and protocol are compatible with those used by MySQL, plus some features to support native non-blocking operations and progress reporting. This means that all connectors, libraries and applications which work with MySQL should also work on MariaDB—whether or not they support its native features. On this basis, Fedora developers replaced MySQL with MariaDB in Fedora 19, out of concerns that Oracle was making MySQL a more closed software project.[29] OpenBSD likewise in April 2013 dropped MySQL for MariaDB 5.5.[30]

However, for recent MySQL features, MariaDB either has no equivalent yet (like geographic function) or deliberately chose not to be 100% compatible (like GTID, JSON).[31] The list of incompatibilities grows longer with each version.[32]

MariaDB Foundation

In December 2012 Michael Widenius, David Axmark, and Allan Larsson announced the formation of a foundation that would oversee the development of MariaDB.[33][34]

Kaj Arnö, current CEO of the MariaDB Foundation

In April 2013 the Foundation announced that it had appointed Simon Phipps as its Secretary and interim Chief Executive Officer,[35] Rasmus Johansson as Chairman of the Board, and Andrew Katz, Jeremy Zawodny, and Michael Widenius as Board members.[36] Noting that it wished to create a governance model similar to that used by the Eclipse Foundation, the Board appointed the Eclipse Foundation's Executive Director Mike Milinkovich as an advisor to lead the transition. SkySQL Corporation Ab, a company formed by ex-MySQL executives and investors after Oracle bought MySQL, announced in April 2013 that they were merging their company with Monty Program AB, and joining the MariaDB Foundation. The MariaDB Foundation appointed Widenius as its CTO.[37][36]

Simon Phipps quit in 2014 on the sale of the MariaDB trademark to SkySQL. He later said: "I quit as soon as it was obvious the company was not going to allow an independent foundation."[38] On 1 October 2014, SkySQL Corporation AB changed its name to MariaDB Corporation AB[39] to reflect its role as the main driving force behind the development of MariaDB server and the biggest support-provider for it.[40] MariaDB is a registered trademark of MariaDB Corporation AB,[41] used under license by the MariaDB Foundation.[42]

From January 2015 to September 2018, Otto Kekäläinen was the CEO of the MariaDB Foundation. He stepped down effectively on 1 October of that year.[43] Arjen Lentz was appointed CEO of the Foundation in October 2018,[44] but resigned in December 2018.[45] Kaj Arnö joined as the CEO on 1 February 2019.[46] Eric Herman is the current Chairman of the Board.

Prominent users

MariaDB is used at ServiceNow,[47] DBS Bank,[48] Google,[49] Mozilla,[50] and, since 2013, the Wikimedia Foundation.[51]

Several Linux distributions and BSD operating systems include MariaDB,.[52] Some default to MariaDB, such as Arch Linux,[53] Manjaro,[54] Debian (from Debian 9),[55] Fedora (from Fedora 19),[56][57] Red Hat Enterprise Linux (from RHEL 7 in June 2014),[58][59] CentOS (from CentOS 7),[60] Mageia (from Mageia 2),[61] openSUSE (from openSUSE 12.3 Dartmouth),[62] SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (from SLES 12),[63] OpenBSD (from 5.7),[64][65][66] and FreeBSD.[67]

Support

In 2013 Google tasked one of its engineers to work at the MariaDB Foundation.[68] A group of investment companies led by Intel has invested $20 million in SkySQL.[69] The European Investment Bank funded MariaDB with €25 million in 2017.[70] Alibaba led a $27M investment into MariaDB in 2017.[71]

SkySQL

SkySQL general availability was announced on March 31, 2020.[72] This database-as-a-service offering from MariaDB is a managed cloud service on Google Cloud Platform.

SkySQL is a hybrid database offering that includes a column family store, object store, distributed SQL database with both a transactional and analytical query engine. The combination allows developers to use a single database for multiple use cases and avoid a proliferation of databases.

The benefits of using this offering vs Amazon RDS or Microsoft Azure Database's MariaDB services offerings are versioning (SkySQL ensures users are on the most recent product release) as well as having analytics and transactional support.[73]

See also

References
  1. "MariaDB 5.1.38 Release Notes". MariaDB KnowledgeBase. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
  2. "Emergency Release of MariaDB 10.5.8, 10.4.17, 10.3.27, and 10.2.36 is now available". 11 November 2020.
  3. "MariaDB 10.5.3 Release Candidate now available". 13 May 2020.
  4. ""Download MariaDB"". Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  5. "MariaDB License". MariaDB KnowledgeBase.
  6. "Dead database walking: MySQL's creator on why the future belongs to MariaDB - MariaDB, open source, mysql, Oracle". Computerworld. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  7. "MariaDB versus MySQL - Compatibility". MariaDB KnowledgeBase. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  8. "Why is the project called MariaDB?". MariaDB KnowledgeBase. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  9. rasmus (13 August 2012). "Explanation on MariaDB 10.0 « The MariaDB Blog". Blog.mariadb.org. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  10. "What comes in between MariaDB now and MySQL 5.6? « The MariaDB Blog". Blog.mariadb.org. 28 May 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  11. "Maintenance Policy". Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  12. "MariaDB 5.1.38 Release Notes". Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  13. "MariaDB 5.1.67 Release Notes". Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  14. "MariaDB 5.2.0 Release Notes". Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  15. "MariaDB 5.2.14 Release Notes". Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  16. "MariaDB 5.3.0 Release Notes". Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  17. "MariaDB 5.3.12 Release Notes". Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  18. "MariaDB 5.5.20 Release Notes". Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  19. "MariaDB 10.4.13, 10.3.23, 10.2.32, 10.1.45 and 5.5.68 now available". mariadb.org. 13 May 2020.
  20. "MariaDB 10.0.0 Release Notes". Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  21. "MariaDB 10.0.38, MariaDB Connector/J 2.4.0 and MariaDB Connector/Node.js 2.0.3 now available". Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  22. "MariaDB 10.1.0 Release Notes". Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  23. "MariaDB 10.5.7, 10.4.16, 10.3.26, 10.2.35 and 10.1.48 now available". mariadb.org. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  24. "MariaDB 10.2.0 Release Notes". Retrieved 28 September 2016.
  25. "Emergency Release of MariaDB 10.5.8, 10.4.17, 10.3.27, and 10.2.36 is now available". mariadb.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  26. "MariaDB 10.3.0 Release Notes". Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  27. "MariaDB 10.4.0 Release Notes". Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  28. "MariaDB 10.5.0 Release Notes". Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  29. "Features / Replace MySQL with MariaDB". Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  30. Colin Charles (5 April 2013). "MariaDB now in OpenBSD ports tree". MariaDB blog. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  31. "Incompatibilities and Feature Differences Between MariaDB 10.3 and MySQL 5.7". MariaDB KnowledgeBase. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
  32. "MariaDB versus MySQL - Compatibility". MariaDB KnowledgeBase. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
  33. rasmus (4 December 2012). "MariaDB Foundation to Safeguard Leading Open Source Database « The MariaDB Blog". Blog.mariadb.org. Archived from the original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  34. "1 million euros pledged to new MariaDB Foundation - The H Open: News and Features". H-online.com. 4 December 2012. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  35. Clark, Jack (12 September 2013). "Google swaps out MySQL, moves to MariaDB". Data Center. The Register. Situation Publishing. Retrieved 14 September 2017. The MariaDB Foundation's interim chief executive is Simon Phipps.
  36. "MariaDB Foundation on course for community governance". The H. 18 April 2013. Archived from the original on 19 April 2013.
  37. "SkySQL merges with Monty Program to unite MariaDB developers". The H. 23 April 2013. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. [...] Widenius has been appointed as its CTO by the MariaDB Foundation.
  38. Asay, Matt (22 August 2016). "Does MariaDB's latest move show how hard it is to make money with open source?". TechRepublic. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  39. "SkySQL to become MariaDB Corporation". mariadb.com. MariaDB Corporation. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
  40. Widenius, Monty. "Why SkySQL becoming MariaDB Corporation will be good for the MariaDB Foundation". MariaDB Foundation Blog. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
  41. "MariaDB Trademarks". mariadb.com. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
  42. "MariaDB Trademark". mariadb.org.
  43. "MariaDB Foundation CEO steps down". mariadb.org.
  44. Lentz, Arjen (2 October 2018). "Hello World from the new MariaDB Foundation CEO: Arjen Lentz". MariaDB.org. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  45. "Arjen's Last Post". MariaDB.org. 31 December 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  46. "A Word from the Incoming CEO". MariaDB.org. 30 January 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
  47. Carey, Scott (28 February 2018). "How ServiceNow deploys MariaDB to handle 25 billion queries per hour". Computerworld. Archived from the original on 1 November 2019.
  48. MariaDB (15 March 2018). "M-18 Keynote - DBS, Ng Peng Khim and Joan Tay Kim Choo". Retrieved 21 April 2018 – via YouTube.
  49. at 20:33, Jack Clark in San Francisco 12 Sep 2013. "Google swaps out MySQL, moves to MariaDB". www.theregister.co.uk.
  50. "MySQL 5.1 vs. MySQL 5.5: Floats, Doubles, and Scientific Notation". Mozilla IT. Archived from the original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  51. "Wikipedia Adopts MariaDB". Wikimedia Foundation. 22 April 2013.
  52. "Distributions Which Include MariaDB". MariaDB Corporation.
  53. "MariaDB replaces MySQL in repositories". Arch Linux.
  54. "Install Apache, MariaDB, PHP (LAMP) 2016". Manjaro.
  55. "MariaDB Server Default in Debian 9". MariaDB Corporation.
  56. "Features/ReplaceMySQLwithMariaDB". Fedora Project.
  57. "Oracle who? Fedora & openSUSE will replace MySQL with MariaDB". ZDNet. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  58. "7.0 Release Notes : Chapter 17. Web Servers and Services". Red Hat.
  59. "Red Hat ditches MySQL, switches to MariaDB". Itwire.com. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  60. "CentOS Product Specifications". CentOS.
  61. "Mageia 2 Release Notes : MariaDB". Mageia.
  62. "openSUSE 12.3 released with MariaDB as default". MariaDB Foundation.
  63. "Release Notes : MariaDB Replaces MySQL". SUSE.
  64. "MariaDB now in OpenBSD ports tree". MariaDB Foundation.
  65. "mariadb-server-10.0.16v0 – multithreaded SQL database (server)". OpenBSD ports. 30 January 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  66. "Switch from using MySQL to using MariaDB attempt #2". Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  67. "Building MariaDB on FreeBSD". MariaDB KnowledgeBase.
  68. "Google sniffs at MySQL fork MariaDB: Yum. Have an engineer". The Register.
  69. Wolpe, Toby (23 October 2013). "MariaDB gets shot in the arm from Intel-led $20m SkySQL injection". ZDNet. CBS Interactive.
  70. "Finland: Investment Plan for Europe - EIB supports MariaDB with financing for accelerated growth". www.eib.org. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  71. "Open source database startup MariaDB confirms $27M investment led by Alibaba".
  72. "SkySQL, MariaDB-as-a-service, launches on Google Cloud". InfoWorld.
  73. "MariaDB SkySQL managed cloud goes live on Google Cloud". ZDNet.

Further reading
  • Bartholomew, Daniel (2013). Getting Started with MariaDB. ISBN 9781782168096.
  • Bartholomew, Daniel (2014). MariaDB Cookbook. ISBN 978-1-78328-440-5.
  • Forta, Ben (2011). MariaDB Crash Course. Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-321-79994-1.

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