Debian version history

Debian releases do not follow a fixed schedule. Recent releases have been made roughly biennially by the Debian Project.

A screenshot of Debian 10 (Buster) with the GNOME desktop environment

Debian distribution codenames are based on the names of characters from the Toy Story films. Debian's unstable trunk is named after Sid, a character who regularly destroyed his toys.[1]

Release history

Debian 1.0 was never released, as a vendor accidentally shipped a development release with that version number. The package management system dpkg and its front-end dselect were developed and implemented on Debian in a previous release. A transition from the a.out binary format to the ELF binary format had already begun before the planned 1.0 release. The only supported architecture was Intel 80386 (i386).[2]

Debian 1.1 (Buzz)

Debian 1.1 (Buzz), released 17 June 1996, contained 474 packages. Debian had fully transitioned to the ELF binary format and used Linux kernel 2.0.[3]

Debian 1.2 (Rex)

Debian 1.2 (Rex), released 12 December 1996, contained 848 packages maintained by 120 developers.[4]

Debian 1.3 (Bo)

Debian 1.3 (Bo), released 5 June 1997, contained 974 packages maintained by 200 developers.[5]

Debian 2.0 (Hamm)

Debian 2.0 (Hamm), released 24 July 1998, contained over 1,500 packages maintained by over 400 developers. A transition was made to libc6 and Debian was ported to the Motorola 68000 series (m68k) architectures.[6]

Debian 2.1 (Slink)

Debian 2.1 (Slink), released 9 March 1999, contained about 2,250 packages. The front-end APT was introduced for the package management system and Debian was ported to Alpha and SPARC.[7][8]

Debian 2.2 (Potato)

Debian 2.2 (Potato), released 14–15 August 2000, contained 2,600 packages maintained by more than 450 developers. New packages included the display manager GDM, the directory service OpenLDAP, the security software OpenSSH and the mail transfer agent Postfix. Debian was ported to the PowerPC and ARM architectures.[9][10][11]

Debian 3.0 (Woody)

Debian 3.0 (Woody), released 19 July 2002, contained around 8,500 packages maintained by more than 900 developers. KDE was introduced and Debian was ported to the following architectures: IA-64, PA-RISC (hppa), mips and mipsel and IBM ESA/390 (s390).[12][13][14]

Debian 3.1 (Sarge)

Debian 3.1 (Sarge), released 6 June 2005, contained around 15,400 packages. debian-installer and OpenOffice.org were introduced.[15][16]

Debian 4.0 (Etch)
Debian 4.0 (Etch)

Debian 4.0 (Etch), released 8 April 2007, contained around 18,000 packages maintained by more than 1,030 developers. Debian was ported to x86-64 (amd64) and support for the Motorola 68000 series (m68k) architectures was dropped.[17][18] This version introduced utf-8 and udev device management by default.

Debian 5.0 (Lenny)
Debian 5.0 (Lenny)

Debian 5.0 (Lenny), released 14 February 2009, contained more than 23,000 packages. Debian was ported to the ARM EABI (armel) architecture.[19][20][21]

Debian 6.0 (Squeeze)
Debian 6.0 (Squeeze) in Spanish

Debian 6.0 (Squeeze), released 6 February 2011, contained more than 29,000 packages. The default Linux kernel included was deblobbed beginning with this release. The web browser Chromium was introduced and Debian was ported to the kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64 architectures (while that port was later discontinued), and support for the Intel 486, Alpha, and PA-RISC (hppa) architectures was dropped.[22][23][24][25]

Squeeze was the first release of Debian in which non-free firmware components (aka "binary blobs") were excluded from the "main" repository as a matter of policy.[26][27][28][29]

Debian 7 (Wheezy)
MATE on Debian 7 (Wheezy)

Debian 7 (Wheezy), released 4 May 2013, contained more than 36,000 packages. Support for UEFI was added and Debian was ported to the armhf and IBM ESA/390 (s390x) architectures.[30][31][32][33]

Debian 8 (Jessie)
Debian 8 (Jessie)

Debian 8 (Jessie), released 25–26 April 2015, contained more than 43,000 packages, with systemd installed by default instead of init. (sysvinit and upstart packages are provided as alternatives.) Debian was ported to the ARM64 and ppc64le architectures, while support for the IA-64, kfreebsd-amd64 and kfreebsd-i386, IBM ESA/390 (s390) (only the 31-bit variant; the newer 64-bit s390x was retained) and SPARC architectures were dropped.[34][35][36]

Long term support ended June 2020.[37]

Point releases:

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
  • 8.9 (22 July 2017 (2017-07-22))[38]
  • 8.10 (9 December 2017 (2017-12-09))[39]
  • Regular security support updates have been discontinued (17 June 2018 (2018-06-17))[40]
  • 8.11 (23 June 2018 (2018-06-23))[41]

Debian 9 (Stretch)
Debian 9 (Stretch) with GNOME

Debian 9 (Stretch) was released on 17 June 2017, two years and two months after Debian 8.0, and contained more than 51,000 packages.[42] The final minor update, called a "point release", is version 9.13,[43] released on 18 July 2020 (2020-07-18). Major upgrades include the Linux kernel going from version 3.16 to 4.9, GNOME desktop version going from 3.14 to 3.22, KDE Plasma 4 was upgraded to Plasma 5, LibreOffice 4.3 upgraded to 5.2 and Qt upgraded from 4.8 to 5.7. LXQt has been added as well.

The Intel i586 (Pentium), i586/i686 hybrid and PowerPC architectures are no longer supported as of Stretch.[44][45][46]

Point releases:

  • 9.1 (22 July 2017 (2017-07-22))[47]
  • 9.2 (7 October 2017 (2017-10-07))[48]
  • 9.3 (9 December 2017 (2017-12-09))[49]
  • 9.4 (10 March 2018 (2018-03-10))[50]
  • 9.5 (14 July 2018 (2018-07-14))[51]
  • 9.6 (10 November 2018 (2018-11-10))[52]
  • 9.7 (23 January 2019 (2019-01-23))[53]
  • 9.8 (16 February 2019 (2019-02-16))[54]
  • 9.9 (27 April 2019 (2019-04-27))[55]
  • (Stretch becomes oldstable, Buster now stable) 6 July 2019 (2019-07-06)
  • 9.10 (7 September 2019 (2019-09-07))[56]
  • 9.11 (8 September 2019 (2019-09-08))[57]
  • 9.12 (8 February 2020 (2020-02-08))[58]
  • 9.13 (18 July 2020 (2020-07-18))[59]

Debian 10 (Buster)
Debian 10 (Buster) with GNOME

Debian 10 (Buster) was released on 6 July 2019 (2019-07-06), two years and a month after Debian 9 (Stretch).[60] Debian 10 contains 57,703 packages, supports UEFI Secure Boot,[61] has AppArmor enabled by default, uses LUKS2 as the default LUKS format, and uses Wayland for GNOME by default.[62]

Debian 10 ships with Linux kernel version 4.19.[63][62] Available desktops include GNOME 3.30, Plasma 5.14, LXDE 10, LXQt 0.14, MATE 1.20, and Xfce 4.12.[62] Key application software includes LibreOffice 6.1 for office productivity, VLC 3.0 for media viewing, and Firefox ESR for web browsing.[62]

Point releases:

  • 10.1 (7 September 2019 (2019-09-07))[64][65]
  • 10.2 (16 November 2019 (2019-11-16))[66]
  • 10.3 (8 February 2020 (2020-02-08))[67]
  • 10.4 (9 May 2020 (2020-05-09))[68]
  • 10.5 (1 August 2020 (2020-08-01))[69]
  • 10.6 (26 September 2020 (2020-09-26))[70]
  • 10.7 (5 December 2020 (2020-12-05))[71]
  • 10.8 (6 February 2021 (2021-02-06))[72]

Debian 11 (Bullseye)

Debian 11 (Bullseye) is the upcoming release of the operating system. No release date has been set yet.

On 12 November 2020, it was announced that "Homeworld", by Juliette Taka, will be the default theme for Debian 11, after winning a public poll held with eighteen choices.[73]

Bullseye is dropping the remaining Qt4/KDE 4 libraries and Python 2.[74][75] The first of the code freezes, readying Debian 11 for release, began on 13 January 2021.[76]

Bullseye will not support the older big-endian 32-bit MIPS architectures.[77]

Bullseye is expected to ship with Qt 5.15 and KDE Plasma 5.20 [78] Bullseye is not expected to have LTO enabled by default [79]

Debian 12 (Bookworm)

Bookworm is expected to have LTO enabled by default [80]

Release table
Version (Code name) Release date Ports Packages Linux kernel Security support until Long-term support until Extended long-term support until[lower-alpha 1] References
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.90 August–December 1993 1 N/A N/A N/A None None [2]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.91 January 1994 N/A 0.99.14w N/A [2]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.93R5 March 1995 N/A N/A N/A [2]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.93R6 November 1995 N/A N/A N/A [2]
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.0 Never N/A N/A N/A [2]
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.1 (Buzz) 17 June 1996 474 2.0 N/A [2]
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.2 (Rex) 12 December 1996 848 2.0.27 N/A [2][83]
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.3 (Bo) 5 June 1997 974 2.0.33 N/A [2]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.0 (Hamm) 24 July 1998 2 ≈1,500 2.0.34 N/A [2]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.1 (Slink) 9 March 1999 4 ≈2,250 2.0.34, 2.0.35, 2.0.36, 2.0.38 30 October 2000 [2][8][84]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.2 (Potato) 14–15 August 2000 6 ≈3,900 2.0.38, 2.2.19 30 June 2003 [2][10][11]
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.0 (Woody) 19 July 2002 11 ≈8,500 2.2.20, 2.4.18 30 June 2006 [2][13][14][85]
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.1 (Sarge) 6 June 2005 ≈15,400 2.4.27, 2.6.8 31 March 2008 [2][16][86]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.0 (Etch) 8 April 2007 ≈18,000 2.6.18 15 February 2010 [2][18][87]
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.0 (Lenny) 14 February 2009 12 ≈23,000 2.6.26 6 February 2012 [2][20][21]
Old version, no longer maintained: 6.0 (Squeeze) 6 February 2011 11 ≈29,000 2.6.32 19 July 2014 29 February 2016 [2][24][25][88][89]
Old version, no longer maintained: 7 (Wheezy) 4 May 2013 13 ≈36,000 3.2 4 June 2016 31 May 2018 30 June 2020 [2][31][32][90][88][81]
Old version, no longer maintained: 8 (Jessie) 25–26 April 2015 10 ≈43,000 3.16 17 June 2018 30 June 2020 30 June 2022 [2][91][36][88][92][81]
Older version, yet still maintained: 9 (Stretch) 17 June 2017 ≈52,000 4.9 18 July 2020 June 2022 N/A [2][42][93][94][88][81]
Current stable version: 10 (Buster) 6 July 2019 ≈59,000 4.19 2022 2024 N/A [60][62]
Future release: 11 (Bullseye) TBA TBA ≈55,000 (January 2019) TBA TBA TBA N/A [95]
Future release: 12 (Bookworm) TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA N/A [96]
Future release: 13 (Trixie) TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA N/A [97]
unstable (Sid) Never 22 (13 official) >60,000 (September 2019) 5.5 (April 2020) N/A N/A N/A
Version (Code name) Release date Ports Packages Linux kernel Security support until Long-term support until Extended long-term support until[lower-alpha 1] References
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release
  1. ELTS support provided by Freexian[81] but made available to all Debian users, as noted on official Debian pages. There is no kernel support, and only sponsored packages are supported.[82]

When a release transitions to Long Term Support phase (LTS-phase), security is no longer handled by the main Debian security team.[98] Only a subset of Debian architectures are eligible for Long Term Support, and there is no support for packages in backports.[99]

Release timeline

Port timeline

See also

References
  1. "Debian Releases - Codenames". Debian Wiki. Debian Wiki. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  2. "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  3. "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 1.1 Buzz (June 17th, 1996): This was the first Debian release with a code name. It was taken, like all others so far, from a character in one of the Toy Story movies... in this case, Buzz Lightyear. By this time, Bruce Perens had taken over leadership of the Project from Ian Murdock, and Bruce was working at Pixar, the company that produced the movies. This release was fully ELF, used Linux kernel 2.0, and contained 474 packages.
  4. "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Rex is the code name for a former Stable Debian distribution.It was released on December 12th, 1996 as Debian GNU/Linux 1.2: Named for the plastic dinosaur in the Toy Story movies. This release consisted of 848 packages maintained by 120 developers. It was superseded by DebianBo on June 5th, 1997.Rex is now obsolete and security updates are no longer provided.
  5. "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 1.3 Bo (June 5th, 1997): Named for Bo Peep, the shepherdess. This release consisted of 974 packages maintained by 200 developers.
  6. "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 2.0 Hamm (July 24th, 1998): Named for the piggy-bank in the Toy Story movies. This was the first multi-architecture release of Debian, adding support for the Motorola 68000 series architectures. With Ian Jackson as Project Leader, this release made the transition to libc6, and consisted of over 1500 packages maintained by over 400 developers.
  7. "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 2.1 Slink (March 9th, 1999): Named for the slinky-dog in the movie. Two more architectures were added, Alpha and SPARC. With Wichert Akkerman as Project Leader, this release consisted of about 2250 packages and required 2 CDs in the official set. The key technical innovation was the introduction of apt, a new package management interface. Widely emulated, apt addressed issues resulting from Debian's continuing growth, and established a new paradigm for package acquisition and installation on Open Source operating systems.
  8. "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 2.2 Potato (15 August 2000): Named for "Mr Potato Head" in the Toy Story movies. This release added support for the PowerPC and ARM architectures. With Wichert still serving as Project Leader, this release consisted of more than 3900 binary packages derived from over 2600 source packages maintained by more than 450 Debian developers.
  9. "Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 ('potato') Release Information". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  10. "Debian GNU/Linux 2.2, the "Joel 'Espy' Klecker" release, is officially released". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  11. "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 3.0 Woody (19 July 2002): Named for the main character the Toy Story movies: "Woody" the cowboy. Even more architectures were added in this release: IA-64, HP PA-RISC, MIPS (big endian), MIPS (little endian) and S/390. This is also the first release to include cryptographic software due to the restrictions for exportation being lightened in the US, and also the first one to include KDE, now that the license issues with QT were resolved. With Bdale Garbee recently appointed Project Leader, and more than 900 Debian developers, this release contained around 8,500 binary packages and 7 binary CDs in the official set.
  12. "Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 "woody" Release Information". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  13. "Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 released". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  14. "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 3.1 Sarge (6 June 2005): named for the sergeant of the Green Plastic Army Men. No new architectures were added to the release, although an unofficial AMD64 port was published at the same time and distributed through the new Alioth project hosting site. This release features a new installer: debian-installer, a modular piece of software that feature automatic hardware detection, unattended installation features and was released fully translated to over thirty languages. It was also the first release to include a full office suite: OpenOffice.org. Branden Robinson had just been appointed as Project Leader. This release was made by more than nine hundred Debian developers, and contained around 15,400 binary packages and 14 binary CDs in the official set.
  15. "Debian "sarge" Release Information". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  16. "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 4.0 Etch (8 April 2007): named for the sketch toy in the movie. One architecture was added in this release: AMD64, and official support for m68k was dropped. This release continued using the debian-installer, but featuring in this release a graphical installer, cryptographic verification of downloaded packages, more flexible partitioning (with support for encrypted partitions), simplified mail configuration, a more flexible desktop selection, simplified but improved localization and new modes, including a rescue mode. New installations would not need to reboot through the installation process as the previous two phases of installation were now integrated. This new installer provided support for scripts using composed characters and complex languages in its graphical version, increasing the number of available translations to over fifty. Sam Hocevar was appointed Project Leader the very same day, and the project included more than one thousand and thirty Debian developers. The release contained around 18,000 binary packages over 20 binary CDs (3 DVDs) in the official set. There were also two binary CDs available to install the system with alternate desktop environments different to the default one.
  17. "Debian "etch" Release Information". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  18. "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 5.0 Lenny (February 2009): named for the wind up binoculars in the Toy Story movies. One architecture was added in this release: ARM EABI (or armel), providing support for newer ARM processors and deprecating the old ARM port (arm). The m68k port was not included in this release, although it was still provided in the unstable distribution. This release did not feature the FreeBSD port, although much work on the port had been done to make it qualify it did not meet yet the qualification requirements for this release.
  19. "Debian "lenny" Release Information". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  20. "Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 released". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  21. "Debian i386 architecture now requires a 686-class processor". The Debian Project. Retrieved 18 June 2017. Support for 486-class processors was dropped, somewhat accidentally, in squeeze.
  22. "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 6.0 Squeeze (February 2011): named for the green three-eyed aliens. The release was frozen on 6 August 2010, with many of the Debian developers gathered at the 10th Debconf at New York City. While two architectures (alpha and hppa) were dropped, two architectures of the new FreeBSD port (kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64) were made available as technology preview, including the kernel and userland tools as well as common server software (though not advanced desktop features yet). This was the first time a Linux distribution has been extended to also allow use of a non-Linux kernel.
  23. "Debian "squeeze" Release Information". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  24. "Debian 6.0 Squeeze released". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
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  27. Proffitt, Brian. "Debian GNU/Linux seeks alignment with Free Software Foundation". Retrieved 8 September 2018.
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  29. "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 7.0 Wheezy (May 2013): named for the rubber toy penguin with a red bow tie. One architecture was included in this release (armhf) and this release introduced multi-arch support, which allowed users to install packages from multiple architectures on the same machine. Improvements in the installation process allowed visually impaired people to install the system using software speech for the first time. This was also the first release that supported the installation and booting in devices using UEFI firmware.
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  32. "UEFI". The Debian Project. Retrieved 1 January 2020. The initial support to make UEFI amd64 systems directly installable in Debian was added in Wheezy (7.0). Support was later added for i386 and arm64 systems for Jessie (8.0), along with a number of quirks and bug workarounds. Support for armhf was added in Buster (10.0).
  33. "A Brief History of Debian". The Debian Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015. Debian 8 Jessie (April 2015): named for the cowgirl doll who first appeared in Toy Story 2.
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  43. "Debian i386 architecture now requires a 686-class processor". Last year it was decided to increase the minimum CPU features for the i386 architecture to 686-class in the stretch release cycle. This means dropping support for 586-class and hybrid 586/686 processors[1].(Support for 486-class processors was dropped, somewhat accidentally, in squeeze.) This was implemented in the Linux kernel packages starting with Linux 4.3, which was uploaded to unstable in December last year. In case you missed that change, gcc for i386 has recently been changed to target 686-class processors and is generating code that will crash on other processors. Any such systems still running testing or unstable will need to be switched to run stable (jessie). The older processors will continue to be supported in jessie until at least 2018, and until 2020 if i386 is included in jessie LTS. The following processors, supported in jessie, are now unspported: * AMD K5, K6, K6-2, (aka K6 3D), K6-3 * DM&P/SiS Vortex86, Vortex86SX * Cyrix III, MediaGX, MediaGXm * IDT Winchip C6, Winchip 2 * Intel Pentium, Pentium with MMX * Rise mP6 * VIA C3 'Samuel 2', C3 'Ezra'
  44. "Release architectures for Debian 9 'Stretch'". The only change from Jessie is the removal of powerpc as a release architecture. We discussed this at length, and eventually took the view that the least disservice to users of that port is to provide reasonable notice of its discontinuation. We recognise and acknowledge that discontinuing any port is unavoidably disruptive. The question of whether powerpc remains an architecture in the main archive or moves to ports is one for FTP masters, not the release team.
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