Metagaming (role-playing games)

More broadly, metagaming can refer any or all aspects of play that occur outside of a given game's fictional setting. This most prominently includes any discussion among players and/or the game's master about the game's events and contents. Traditionally, metagaming is generally frowned upon in role-playing communities, as it upsets the suspension of disbelief and affects game balance. However, some narrativist indie role-playing games deliberately support metagaming in "Director stance" and encourage shared storytelling among players.[1] It can be contrasted with live action roleplaying games with a more cinematic style, where the use of metagame references to specific books and films, either before the game or during play, prompts the players as to the atmosphere the organisers are aiming to create.

Gathering knowledge:

• Any action that is based upon the real-life knowledge that one is playing a game.
• Gaining knowledge from Out-Of Character (such as pre-reading adventure guides or watching others play through the same game or pre-prepared campaign).
• Using in-world knowledge from a previously played or dead character.
• In split-screen games, using another player's viewpoint to gather information that one's own character doesn't know and could not access.

Bending the rules:

• Adjusting a character's actions based on foreknowledge of the long-term intentions of the gamemaster.
• Basing a character's decision on knowledge of the game's mechanics to gain an advantage, when the resulting action goes against that character's personality, history or motives.
• As a form of powergaming during character creation, when a player takes flaws or liabilities that they know the gamemaster is unlikely to fully exploit, thereby acquiring extra creation options without paying a corresponding penalty.

Altering behaviors:

• Using certain types of attack or defense based on the strengths and weaknesses of an opponent of which the player's character has no knowledge.
• Acting on any knowledge that the character doesn't know and could not learn - for example, applying real-life chemistry to create gunpowder in a pre-firearms setting, without said character having any foreknowledge or interest in chemistry or any precedence for its development.
• Adjusting a character's behavior towards other player characters based on real-life relationships with other players. This extends to and includes attempts to engender friendships or relationships, and manipulate those of others, via favouritism in-game.
• Deciding on a character's course of action based on how the game's abstract mechanics will affect the outcome.
• Assuming that something that appears to be wrong or unlikely in the game world is a mistake of the game's master rather than something that could be investigated. (There are incidences where a game's master's depiction of the world is genuinely at fault, causing players to gain knowledge their character's should not know - however, it is incumbent on players to not utilise that knowledge for their character's future decisions.)
• Assuming that if an item (such as a chest, desk or book-case) is mentioned by the gamemaster during the initial description of an area, it must have some relevance to the storyline, and immediately searching or examining it. (while ignoring other furnishings or objects that are most likely there as well).

• Fourth wall
• Min-maxing
• Munchkin (role-playing games)
• Powergaming
• Twinking

• "An Australian Convention Roleplaying Glossary". Archived from the original on April 28, 2006.
• "Role-playing games glossary". Archived from the original on June 14, 2006. Retrieved April 3, 2006.

• The Last Dark Art: Exploring the Gaming Aesthetic – RPGnet article on metagaming