Dungeons & Dragons in popular culture

Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) is a fantasy role-playing game first published in 1974. As the popularity of the game grew throughout the late-1970s and 1980s, it became referenced in popular culture more frequently. The complement of games, films and cultural references based on Dungeons & Dragons or similar fantasies, characters, and adventures became ubiquitous after the end of the 1970s.

Dungeons & Dragons, and tabletop role-playing games in general, have exerted a deep and persistent impact on the development of all types of video games, from "first-person shooters to real-time strategy games and massively multiplayer online games",[1] which in turn play a significant and ongoing role in modern popular culture.[2]

In online culture, the term dungeon has since come to mean a virtual location where people can meet and collaborate. Hence, multi-user dungeons emerged throughout the 1970s and 1980s as a form of social networks or a social virtual reality.[3] By creating a means for players to assemble and explore an imaginary world, the Dungeons & Dragons rules provided a transition from fantasy literary settings, such as those of author J. R. R. Tolkien, to fully virtual worlds.[4]

Public figures who play or have played Dungeons & Dragons include comedians Stephen Colbert and Chris Hardwick, musician Moby, and actors Vin Diesel, Matthew Lillard, Joe Manganiello, Mike Myers, Patton Oswalt, Wil Wheaton, and Robin Williams.[5][6][7][8][9]

Literature

Books
See also: Dungeons & Dragons (novels)

Independent fiction derived from the Dungeons & Dragons game appeared with the Endless Quest series of books, published by TSR, Inc between 1982 and 1987. The Endless Quest books provided a form of interactive fiction in the style of the Choose Your Own Adventure series.[10] The continuing success of Dungeons & Dragons then sparked an even more extensive series of novels, also published by TSR, Inc. The first of these were based upon the Dragonlance campaign setting, and were released in 1984.[11] There proved to be a lucrative market for these works, and by the 2000s a significant portion of all fantasy paperbacks were being published by Wizards of the Coast, the American game company that acquired TSR, Inc in 1997.[12]

The impact of Dungeons & Dragons on players and culture has inspired reflective non-fiction works:

  • Fantasy Freaks and Gaming Geeks: An Epic Quest for Reality Among Role Players, Online Gamers, and Other Dwellers of Imaginary Realms, by journalist and gamer Ethan Gilsdorf; a travel memoir about Dungeons & Dragons, role-playing games, and other fantasy and gaming subcultures.[13]
  • The Elfish Gene: Dungeons, Dragons and Growing Up Strange, by novelist Mark Barrowcliffe; a memoir of playing Dungeons & Dragons and other role playing games in the 1970s.[14]
  • Author Shelly Mazzanoble wrote a humorous self-help guide called Everything I Need to Know I Learned from Dungeons & Dragons: One Woman's Quest to Trade Self-help for Elf-help. This followed her guide book, Confessions of a Part-time Sorceress: A Girl's Guide to the Dungeons & Dragons Game.[15]
  • American Nerd: The Story of My People is Time magazine writer Benjamin Nugent's study of the history and culture of people labeled nerds. It includes insights into why people play and enjoy Dungeons & Dragons.[16]

Several characters created for playing Dungeons & Dragons, or games derived from Dungeons & Dragons, have later spawned popular fantasy series.[17] Other novels make off-hand references to the game:

Comics

Begun in 1986, the comic books The Adventurers and Redfox were inspired by Dungeons & Dragons.[18] Several commercial comic strips are based entirely upon the game or make reference to the game in specific panels.

  • Knights of the Dinner Table is a multiple award-winning[19] comic-sized magazine featuring comic strips with a variety of characters who play "HackMaster," a parody of Dungeons & Dragons. (HackMaster would later go on to become an actual role-playing game.) Early strips appeared in the official Dungeons & Dragons magazine Dragon.
  • The Order of the Stick is an award-winning[20] satirical webcomic that features a cast of characters in a world that loosely operates by the rules of Dungeons & Dragons.[21]
  • Penny Arcade, A longstanding webcomic, created by Jerry Holkins and Mike Krahulik, references and even depicts humorous instances of bizarre campaigns, and other Dungeons & Dragons subject matter; implementing dice-rolling humor and other game dynamics.

Visual media

Film
Main article: Dungeons & Dragons (film series)

Several films include instances of characters playing the game of Dungeons & Dragons. There have also been three feature films released that were based upon the game: Dungeons & Dragons (2000), Dungeons & Dragons: Wrath of the Dragon God (2005), and Dungeons & Dragons: The Book of Vile Darkness (2012). As of 2019, Paramount Pictures, RatPac-Dune Entertainment, Sweetpea Entertainment, Vertigo Entertainment, Hasbro Studios and Allspark Pictures are currently developing a new Dungeons & Dragons film[22] scheduled for release on July 23, 2021.[23] The film was reportedly star Ansel Elgort and be directed by Rob Letterman.[24] Jonathan Goldstein and John Francis Daley are in talks to direct the film after Chris McKay was going to direct the film.[25]

  • In scene 2 of Steven Spielberg's E.T. the Extra Terrestrial, the character Elliott, his older brother, and his friends are shown playing Dungeons & Dragons.[26][27] Prior to the production of the film, Spielberg ran a Dungeons & Dragons session with the young cast members.[28]
  • The Futurama film Bender's Game includes Dungeons & Dragons as a crucial plot device, in which the main characters end up in a fantasy realm after the game is played. The film was already in production upon Gygax's death and debuted later that year, so it was dedicated in his honor. The film included parodies of Dungeons & Dragons-influenced films.[29]
  • The short film Fear of Girls is a spoof of two heavy Dungeons & Dragons gamers. The filmmakers used viral marketing to attract attention to the film.[30][31]
  • The films The Gamers[32] and The Gamers: Dorkness Rising[33] by the Dead Gentlemen are parodies of Dungeons & Dragons.

Television

The CBS network ran a Saturday morning cartoon series called Dungeons & Dragons, in which a group of teenagers visiting a Dungeons and Dragons-themed theme park dark ride are magically transported into the fantasy world of Dungeons and Dragons. The show included the voice talents of Willie Aames of Eight is Enough, and ran from 1983 to 1985.[34]

Dungeons & Dragons is also referenced in a variety of television programs:

  • Community - a second-season episode titled "Advanced Dungeons and Dragons" (AD&D) centers around the study group playing a game of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons to cheer up their near-suicidal classmate, "Fat Neil". Pierce's exclusion leads him to barge into the game, and torment everyone.[35][36] A later episode called Advanced Advanced Dungeons & Dragons included a game of D&D which is played in order to reunite Buzz Hickey with his son.
  • Freaks and Geeks - the final episode of the series, titled "Discos and Dragons", Daniel (James Franco) is forced to join the Audio/Visual Club and the geeks invite him to a game of Dungeons & Dragons. He ends up enjoying it.[37]
  • The Sarah Silverman Program - in the second-season episode Bored of the Rings, a planned date night is disrupted by a Dungeons & Dragons game.[38]
  • In the Radio Daze episode of That '70s Show, Donna is asked if she and Eric would like to stay to play Dungeons & Dragons at the radio station where she works. At the end of the episode, two staff members are shown playing a session, with a cameo appearance by Alice Cooper who is also shown playing.[39]
  • The Simpsons - Homer tells how he bonded with some new geek friends by playing Dungeons & Dragons "for three hours... then I was slain by an elf."[40]
  • Buffy the Vampire Slayer - In the episode "Chosen", Andrew, Xander, Giles, and one of the potential Slayers, Amanda play Dungeons & Dragons while Anya sleeps at the table.
  • NewsRadio - in the episode "The Real Deal", Dave demonstrates to Jimmy that he manages the station as if it were a D&D game.
  • The IT Crowd - In the fourth series episode titled "Jen The Fredo", Moss has been making his own Dungeons & Dragons game and eventually gets John, John, Roy, and Phil to play, entertaining his business connections and helping Roy relieve his depression.
  • Corner Gas - in the episode "Happy Campers", Brent is seen playing a game of Dungeons & Dragons with a group of teenage boys in the city.[41]
  • Tucker's Luck - In the third series episode 7 Peter "Tucker" Jenkins played by Todd Carty played Dungeons & Dragons at his girlfriend's pal's house. The Dungeon Master was played by Charley Boorman .[42]
  • Gravity Falls - The thirteenth episode of the second season, "Dungeons, Dungeons & More Dungeons", is centered around a game of a similar name based on mathematics, chance and imagination.[43]
  • Stranger Things - The main characters are seen playing Dungeons & Dragons, and the game both sets the tone and functions as a storytelling tool within the series.[44][45]
  • The Magicians - The eleventh episode of the first season, "Remedial Battle Magic", has the protagonists discover a Japanese spell called マジック ミサイル (majikku misairu) which causes Quentin to exclaim "Magic missile? That's like straight up Dungeons and Dragons."[46]
  • The Big Bang Theory - In the episode "The D&D Vortex", Wil Wheaton invites Leonard to play a game with him and a group of celebrity players, including William Shatner, Kevin Smith, Joe Manganiello, and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. Will serves as the Dungeon Master.[47]
  • My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic - In the sixth season episode "Dungeons & Discords", Discord, Spike and Big McIntosh play a fantasy role-playing game titled Ogres & Oubliettes. In reference to this franchise crossover, Wizards of the Coast sponsored a D&D-themed charity fundraising campaign featuring the My Little Pony main characters, dubbed with the title Friendship & Magic,[48] and a set of cards compatible with Magic: The Gathering.[49]

Internet
  • On March 13, 2015, the first episode of Critical Role aired. Critical Role is a live show which uses Twitch to stream their game of D&D.[50] Voice actor Matthew Mercer leads a group of several other fellow voice actors through D&D. So far, over two hundred episodes have been produced. Initially, episodes would be streamed live and then uploaded onto the Geek & Sundry website. On June 18, 2018, Critical Role announced their departure from Geek & Sundry, forming their own company.[51] The group also started a Kickstarter in March 2019, raising over US$11 million in order to fund the first campaign of the group being turned into an animated series. [52] This broke the previous record for the most-funded TV or film project on the crowdfunding website.[53] The animated series was later picked up by Amazon, resulting in a second season being ordered. The first season is currently planned to be released in late 2020.[54]

Audio media

Music

Dungeons & Dragons is referenced in popular music:

Podcast

Interactive media

Dungeons & Dragons is referenced in popular video games:

  • Borderlands 2 downloadable content Tiny Tina's Assault on Dragon Keep involves Tiny Tina serving as a game master of Bunkers and Badasses, the "Borderlands version of Dungeons & Dragons".[64]

Players

Stephen Colbert developed an intense interest in the game during his youth, which he later credited for his talent at character creation.[70] Ethan Gilsdorf credited the game for bestowing upon him "gifts of creativity and self-actualization".[71] Actor Vin Diesel, in his introduction to the book Thirty Years of Adventure, wrote that he was "attracted to the artistic outlet the game provided" and that the game was "a training ground for our imagination and an opportunity to explore our own identities".[72] Vin Diesel, Mike Myers, and Robin Williams also participated in the 2006 Worldwide Dungeons & Dragons Game Day, demonstrating that the game was then still a lively and active hobby.[73]

Director Chris Weitz pointed out that there "are a lot of people who played and are horribly embarrassed about it and won't admit it, because it's part of their lives they put behind". He developed a fervent interest in the game, even greater than in making movies, and said the experience "had such an influence on his life".[74] Director Jon Favreau was drawn into the game by the fantasy elements and the sense of story, saying "it gave me a really strong background in imagination, storytelling, understanding how to create tone and a sense of balance".[75]

Political reporter John J. Miller said that Dungeons & Dragons was a big part of his life during his school years, and argued that, "there's a lot to admire about D&D and what it can do for kids by encouraging them to read, do math, and think creatively".[76] Fantasy author China Miéville said that playing Dungeons & Dragons as a youth was one of the most enduring influences on his writing. The two things that particularly influenced him were "the mania for cataloging the fantastic" and "the weird fetish for systematization", in that everything is reduced to "game stats".[77] In contrast, author Mark Barrowcliffe considers his years playing Dungeons & Dragons to be a wasted youth and all of the players to be nerds. He has tried to put the experience behind him.[78]

List of notable D&D players

The following public figures have stated that they play, or have played, Dungeons & Dragons, indicating the game's broad appeal to a diverse range of talented individuals.[2]

References
  1. Tychsen, Anders (December 2006), "Role Playing Games – Comparative Analysis Across Two Media Play", IE '06 Proceedings of the 3rd Australasian conference on Interactive entertainment, Murdoch University, Australia: ACM, Inc, pp. 75–82, OCLC 170367427, retrieved June 10, 2011.
  2. Rausch, Allen (August 16, 2004), "Magic & Memories: The Complete History of Dungeons & Dragons", GameSpy, IGN, retrieved June 6, 2011.
  3. Steels, Luc (2004), "Virtual Venues", in Mario Tokoro (ed.), A Learning Zone of One's Own: Sharing Representations and Flow in Collaborative Learning Environments, Washington, DC: IOS Press, ISBN 1-58603-410-3, retrieved June 6, 2011.
  4. Heider, Don (2009), Living Virtually: Researching New Worlds, Digital formations, 47, New York: Peter Lang, pp. 14–15, ISBN 978-1-4331-0130-4.
  5. Shanafelt, Steve (November 2, 2005), "The growing chic of geek: How turning 30 made Dungeons & Dragons feel young again", Mountain Xpress, 12 (14), retrieved August 4, 2007.
  6. Tonjes, Wayne (October 19, 2005), Interview with Charles Ryan on the 2005 Worldwide Dungeons & Dragons Game Day, Gaming Report, archived from the original on February 21, 2009, retrieved August 4, 2007.
  7. Diesel contributed the introduction, and both Colbert and Wheaton page-long personal reflections to 30 Years of Adventure: A Celebration of Dungeons & Dragons.
  8. Leckart, Steven (June 26, 2007), "Ratatouille Star Patton Oswalt on Geeks vs. Nerds", Wired, 15 (7).
  9. Mike Myers, Inside the Actors' Studio, February 4, 2001.
  10. Tresca, Michael J. (2010), The Evolution of Fantasy Role-Playing Games, McFarland, p. 103, ISBN 978-0786458950.
  11. Mackay, Daniel (2001), The Fantasy Role-Playing Game: A New Performing Art, Jefferson, N.C: McFarland, pp. 18–19, ISBN 0-7864-0815-4.
  12. Buker, Derek M. (2002), "The Science Fiction and Fantasy Readers' Advisory: The Librarian's Guide to Cyborgs, Aliens, and Sorcerers", ALA readers' advisory series, Chicago: ALA Editions, pp. 127–128, ISBN 0-8389-0831-4.
  13. Harrison, Michael (September 1, 2009), "Don't Try to Escape Fantasy Freaks and Gaming Geeks", Wired.com Geek Dad, Conde Nast Digital, retrieved August 12, 2010.
  14. Harrison, Michael (November 7, 2008), "The Elfish Gene Looks Back at a Childhood Spent on D&D", Wired: Geek Dad, Condé Nast Digital.
  15. Baichtal, John (September 26, 2007), "Introducing D&D to Girly Girls", Wired, retrieved June 10, 2011.
  16. Nugent, Benjamin (2009), American Nerd: The Story of My People, Simon and Schuster, p. 183, ISBN 978-0-7432-8802-6.
  17. Carlisle, Rodney P. (2009), "Dungeons & Dragons", Encyclopedia of play in today's society, 1, SAGE, p. 187, ISBN 978-1-4129-6670-2.
  18. Booker, M. Keith, ed. (2010), Encyclopedia of Comic Books and Graphic Novels, 1, ABC-CLIO, p. 208, ISBN 978-0313357473.
  19. Panzeri Jr., Peter F. (July 1, 2006), 32nd Hall of Fame Inductees Announced (PDF), Talsorian, archived from the original (PDF) on February 12, 2012, retrieved December 4, 2008.
  20. Carter, Glenn, "Eagle Awards 2008 (for 2007) results", Comics Village, retrieved June 11, 2010.
  21. Grossman, Lev (January 31, 2007), "Webcomics Are the New Blogs: The Order of the Stick", Techland, TIME, Inc., retrieved June 11, 2010.
  22. Khatchatourian, Maane (August 3, 2015). "'Dungeons & Dragons' Movie in Works at Warner Bros. as Lawsuit Ends". Variety. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
  23. Foutch, Haleigh (December 18, 2017). "Paramount Sets Release Dates for 'G.I. Joe', 'Dungeons and Dragons', and More". Collider. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  24. McNary, Dave (July 27, 2016). "Ansel Elgort in Talks to Star in 'Dungeons & Dragons' Movie". Variety. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
  25. Kroll, Justin (July 30, 2019). "Jonathan Goldstein and John Francis Daley in Talks to Direct 'Dungeons & Dragons' Movie". Variety. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
  26. Mackay, Daniel (2001), The Fantasy Role-Playing Game: A New Performing Art, Jefferson, N.C: McFarland, p. 22, ISBN 0-7864-0815-4.
  27. Buckland, Warren (2006), Directed by Steven Spielberg: Poetics of the Contemporary Hollywood Blockbuster, New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, p. 161, ISBN 0-8264-1691-8.
  28. Communications, Emmis (April 1986), "Robert MacNaughton", Orange Coast Magazine, 12 (4): 80, 85, retrieved June 11, 2010.
  29. Wortham, Jenna (November 4, 2008), "Futurama Animators Roll 20-Sided Die With Bender's Game", Wired, Condé Nast Digital, retrieved July 5, 2010
  30. Lees, Jennie (January 30, 2006), "Fear of Girls", joystiq, Aol, retrieved September 30, 2011.
  31. staff (January 28, 2007), "Filmmaker germs and gems", Minneapolis Star-Tribune.
  32. "Dead Gentlemen deliver new movie, Review: 'The Gamers' is spoof from Tacoma filmmakers", The News Tribune, December 3, 2002, retrieved August 19, 2011.
  33. Jainchill, Johanna (October 13, 2006), "Horror Movie Festivals: The Screaming, er, Screening's at 8", The New York Times, retrieved August 19, 2011.
  34. "Dungeons & Dragons (TV Series 1983)", imdb, retrieved June 6, 2011.
  35. Stahler, Kelsea (February 4, 2011), "'Community' Recap: Advanced Dungeons and Dragons", Hollywood.com, retrieved August 16, 2011.
  36. Van Der Werff, Todd (February 3, 2011), "Advanced Dungeons & Dragons", The A.V. Club, The Onion, retrieved July 3, 2011.
  37. Sacks, Mike (2009), And Here's the Kicker: Conversations with 21 Top Humor Writers on Their Craft, Writer's Digest Books, p. 160, ISBN 978-1-58297-505-4.
  38. "Bored of the Rings", Sarah Silverman Online, retrieved April 1, 2010.
  39. That '70s Show - Alice Cooper playing D&D (Video), YouTube, September 21, 2010, retrieved August 24, 2011.
  40. Cherry, James A.; et al. (1997), "Homer Goes to College", The Simpsons Archive, archived from the original on July 10, 1997, retrieved April 1, 2010.
  41. Brent Butt (April 20, 2009), Corner Gas S4: Episode 18 - Happy Camper 3/4 (Adobe Flash Video), Television production, YouTube, event occurs at 2:59.
  44. Kuchera, Ben (July 22, 2016). "The real star of Stranger Things is Dungeons & Dragons". Polygon. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
  45. Hutchinson, Sean (July 20, 2016). "'Stranger Things' and its Ingenious Use of 'Dungeons & Dragons'". Retrieved April 16, 2019.
  46. "The Magicians Season 1 Episode 11 Review: Remedial Battle Magic". TV Fanatic. March 29, 2016. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
  47. Potts, Kim (February 22, 2019). "The Big Bang Theory Recap: O Captain Kirk! My Captain!". Vulture. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  48. "Dungeons & Dragons teams up with My Little Pony". Dungeons & Dragons. August 2, 2016. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  49. "Wizards Reveals Magic/My Little Pony Crossover Promos". Hipsters of the Coast. October 3, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  50. "Twitch". Twitch.tv. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
  51. "A Special Announcement from Critical Role (State of the Role #1)". YouTube. June 18, 2018. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
  52. "Critical Role: The Legend of Vox Machina Animated Special by Critical Role — Kickstarter". Kickstarter.com. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
  53. Todd Spangler (April 5, 2019). "Critical Role Kickstarter for 'Vox Machina" Tops $8.95 Million – Variety". Variety.com. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
  54. Hale, James (November 5, 2019). "Amazon Picks Up Critical Role's $11.4 Million Kickstarter Series 'The Legend Of Vox Machina,' Orders A Second Season". Tubefilter. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
  55. Kaufman, Gil (May 1, 2003), "Flashlight Brown: What's The Opposite of Cool?", VH1, retrieved April 13, 2010.
  56. Shreve, Jeff (June 29, 2006), "Final Fantasy", Stylus Magazine, retrieved November 21, 2010.
  57. MISS AMP, "divine magic", AMP, retrieved November 21, 2010.
  58. Stephen Lynch (April 17, 2011), Stephen Lynch - D&D (Adobe Flash Video), Television production, YouTube, event occurs at 2:50.
  59. "Weezer – In the Garage Lyrics". Genius. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
  60. "Jumpsteady - Dungeon Master". Genius.
  61. "MBMBaM: The Adventure Zone". My Brother, My Brother and Me. Maximum Fun. August 18, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  62. "The Adventure Zone". Maximum Fun. March 5, 2019. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
  63. "Dungeons & Daddies". Acast. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  64. Dyer, Mitch (May 2, 2013). "Borderlands 2: Tiny Tina's Assault on Dragon Keep Revealed". IGN.com. IGN Entertainment. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  65. Alexander, Leigh (May 27, 2015). "Having Vin Diesel as your dungeon master is really soothing". Offworld. Boing Boing. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
  66. Alexander, Leigh (October 14, 2015). "Are any of your favorites in this awesome game curation?". Offworld. Boing Boing. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
  67. Kuchera, Ben (May 27, 2015). "Let Vin Diesel be your Dungeon Master in this relaxing, comforting game". Polygon. Vox Media. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
  68. Kuchera, Ben (May 27, 2015). "Let Vin Diesel be your Dungeon Master in this relaxing, comforting game". Yahoo! News. Yahoo!. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
  69. "Game review: Life Is Strange: Before The Storm is a great prequel". Metro. August 31, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
  70. Carter, Bill (2010), The war for late night: when Leno went early and television went crazy, Penguin, p. 113, ISBN 978-0-670-02208-3.
  71. Gilsdorf, Ethan (March 8, 2011), How "Dungeons & Dragons" changed my life, Salon Media Group, retrieved October 16, 2011.
  72. Diesel, Vin (2004), "Foreword", Thirty Years of Adventure: A Celebration of Dungeons & Dragons, Wizards of the Coast, ISBN 0-7869-3498-0.
  73. Dungeons and Dragons Game Day at London Dungeon, View London.co.uk, November 3, 2007, retrieved April 1, 2010.
  74. Scott, Kevin Conroy (2005), Screenwriters' masterclass: screenwriters talk about their greatest movies, Newmarket Insider Filmbook, Newmarket Press, p. 75, ISBN 1-55704-692-1.
  75. Boucher, Geoff (May 5, 2008), "'Iron Man' action figure", Los Angeles Times, p. 3, retrieved March 26, 2010.
  76. Miller, John J. (October 15, 2004), I Was A Teenage Half-Orc, National Review, archived from the original on November 6, 2013, retrieved October 16, 2011.
  77. Gordon, Joan (November 2003), "Reveling in Genre: An Interview with China Miéville", Science Fiction Studies, 30 (91), retrieved October 17, 2011.
  78. Barrowcliffe, Mark (2008), "An Unhealthy Interest", The Elfish Gene: Dungeons, Dragons and Growing Up Strange, Soho Press, ISBN 978-1-56947-522-5.
  79. Gilsdorf, Ethan (July 14, 2014), "A Game as Literary Tutorial: Dungeons & Dragons Has Influenced a Generation of Writers", New York Times, retrieved March 2, 2016.
  80. Booth, John (April 14, 2010), "Interview With FoxTrot's Bill Amend", Wired, retrieved April 15, 2010.
  81. Carter, Randolph (February 16, 2010), "Reading the text: Kevin J. Anderson interview", Grinding to Valhalla, retrieved April 15, 2010.
  82. Snider, John C., "Interview: Lee Arenberg", SciFi Dimensions, retrieved April 15, 2010.
  83. Behind Hollywood's Closed Doors, A-List Stars Are Playing Dungeons & Dragons
  84. "Watch Chester Bennington on 'Carpool Karaoke,' Filmed a Week Before His Death". theblemish.com. October 12, 2017. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
  85. Inside Joe Manganiello’s Epic Dungeons & Dragons Campaign
  86. Twitter
  87. Coates, Ta-Nehisi (2013), Growing Up in the Caves of Chaos, retrieved April 30, 2015.
  88. Brooke, Tyler (August 25, 2016), "Anderson Cooper Admits He's Obsessed with Dungeons and Dragons on Late Show", Fansided.
  89. TERRY CREWS JOINED US TO BATTLE FOR AZEROTH ON OUR NEWEST CELEBRID&D
  90. Thomas, Harry (May 30, 2001), "Q&A: Not So Serious Rivers Cuomo", Rolling Stone.
  91. Bose, Lilledeshan (November 19, 2010), "What Weezer's Rivers Cuomo Said: Interviews from the Past vs. Present", OC Weekly, retrieved October 19, 2011.
  92. 12 Famous People Who Play D&D
  93. Dame Judi Dench Plays Dungeons & Dragons: How You Make a Captivating Character by Jen Violi
  94. Staff (2010), "Lexa Doig", DragonCon, DCI, Inc, archived from the original on June 12, 2010, retrieved May 26, 2010.
  95. Briggs, Jerry (November 30, 1997), "Duncan's unusual hobby and more unusual request", San Antonio Express-News (Texas).
  96. Stanton, Pete (April 10, 2011), "Your Highness Interviews With Danny McBride, Zooey Deschanel, James Franco, Justin Theroux and David Gordon Green", MovieFone, retrieved May 5, 2011.
  97. Clausen, Elizabeth (March 18, 2010), "Event to showcase two alumni authors", The Daily Reveille, retrieved March 26, 2010.
  98. Staff (April 14, 2008), "Teaching quality and peer influences", BBC News, retrieved October 17, 2011.
  99. "Nerdist podcast: joseph gordon-levitt". nerdist.com. October 1, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  100. "Stars are nerds too", The Chicago Tribune, February 22, 2006, retrieved November 11, 2011.
  101. Inside Joe Manganiello’s Epic Dungeons & Dragons Campaign
  102. Serota, Maggie (March 9, 2010), "Dork in the Road", New York press, retrieved April 15, 2010.
  103. Hartinger, Brent (January 5, 2011), "Everything I Know I Learned From Dungeons & Dragons", The Torch Online, retrieved November 11, 2011.
  104. Van Der Werff, Todd (June 9, 2011), "Dan Harmon walks us through Community's second season (part 3 of 4)", A. V. Club, Onion, Inc, retrieved June 10, 2011.
  105. "I Hit it With My Axe". escapistmagazine.com. March 17, 2010. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
  106. Krug, Kurt Anthony (May 25, 2011), "Grosse Pointe Park Resident Authors Star Wars Novels", Grosse Pointe Patch, retrieved June 6, 2011.
  107. Inside Joe Manganiello’s Epic Dungeons & Dragons Campaign
  108. Hodgman, John (February 13, 2005), "Crossover: The Musical", The New York Times, p. 3, retrieved October 17, 2011.
  109. Malkin, Michelle (March 4, 2008), "D&D co-creator Gary Gygax, R.I.P", michellemalkin.com, retrieved April 15, 2010.
  110. "Joe Manganiello on His Love of 'Dungeons & Dragons' and His 'Batman' Status". hollywoodreporter.com.
  111. Manson, Marilyn; Strauss, Neil (1999), The Long Hard Road Out of Hell, New York: HarperCollins, p. 26, ISBN 0-06-098746-4.
  112. Pevere, Geoff (May 29, 2011), "Bard of Geekdom: China Miéville discovers yet another new world", The Toronto Star, retrieved June 6, 2011.
  113. "Interview: David Mitchell", Nightmare Magazine, 2016, retrieved February 27, 2016.
  114. SWORD & SHIELD: Rage Against the DM, 2014, retrieved January 7, 2015.
  115. "Part 1 of two-part Interview: Entrepreneur Elon Musk Talks About his Background in Physics". APS News. American Physical Society. 22 (9). October 2013. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
  116. Derek Colanduno (April 21, 2015). "A Skepticality Guide To The Universe". skepticality.com (Podcast). Retrieved April 24, 2015.
  117. Roy, Jessica (June 25, 2012), "Reddit Cofounder's Brooklyn Apartment Turned Into Set for Dungeons & Dragons Documentary", BetaBeat, retrieved June 29, 2012.
  118. Comic-Con: South Park creators won't do another Pokémon episode but probably will kill Kenny again
  119. HarmonQuest: Dan Harmon talks bringing Dungeons & Dragons to life
  120. Reyes-Chow, Bruce, "Bruce's Friday Five v6.8", SFGate, San Francisco Chronicle, retrieved June 29, 2012.
  121. Larnick, Eric (October 10, 2011), John C. Reilly on the nerve-wracking cast of 'Carnage' and his D&D upbringing, Moviefone, retrieved October 17, 2011.
  122. John J., Miller (2008), Dungeons & Dragons In a Digital World, WSJ, retrieved February 18, 2013.
  123. Gilsdorf, Ethan (January 10, 2012), "The dark elf of Leominster: With 17 million books sold, fantasy author R.A. Salvatore is the state's best-selling author you've never heard of", Boston Globe, retrieved March 2, 2016.
  124. Gilsdorf, Ethan (February 3, 2012), "Take This Mitt, and Pass Me the Broadsword", New York Times, retrieved March 2, 2016.
  125. Smith, Zak (March 17, 2010), "Episode One: Meet the Party", I Hit It With My Axe, The Escapist, retrieved August 1, 2010.
  126. Calio, Jim (August 23, 1982), "Revealing His Secrets at Last: Director Steven Spielberg Takes the Wraps Off E.T.", People Magazine, retrieved March 2, 2016.
  127. Ryan, Mike (May 3, 2011), "25 Questions for Boy Meets World's Rider Strong", Vanity Fair, retrieved May 5, 2011.
  128. Staff, "Mark Tremonti – The Tone Behind the Man", Guitar Edge, retrieved May 31, 2010.
  129. Adler, Shawn, Vin Diesel of The Chronicles of Riddick (Universal) Interview, UGO Entertainment, archived from the original on June 16, 2004, retrieved April 16, 2010.
  130. Inside Joe Manganiello’s Epic Dungeons & Dragons Campaign
  131. Inside Joe Manganiello’s Epic Dungeons & Dragons Campaign
  132. Castaneda, Gustavo (March 26, 2010), "Geek Out!: Wheaton wows gamers", CNN, retrieved March 26, 2010.
  133. Memmott, Carol (May 25, 2011), "Robots gone wild in Daniel H. Wilson's 'Robopocalypse'", USA Today, retrieved June 6, 2011.
  134. McHenry, Eric, "Columns Q&A: Rainn Wilson", Columns, retrieved December 8, 2010.
  135. Crouse, Richard (April 17, 2015), "Daredevil star Deborah Ann Woll 'a very proud dork'", Toronto Metro News, retrieved June 16, 2016.
  136. Dubner, Stephen (January 9, 2019), "Why Is This Man Running for President? (Ep. 362)", Freakonomics Radio, retrieved June 20, 2019.
  137. Wired
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.