Michael W. Smith discography

The discography of Michael W. Smith, an American contemporary Christian musician, consists of 14 studio albums and 80 singles as well as multiple holiday albums, compilation albums, instrumental albums, and video releases. Smith has sold over 18 million albums as of May 2018.[1] He has recorded more top-ten albums on the Billboard Christian Albums chart (31) than any other artist,[2] and his 16 No. 1 albums on the chart are second only to Amy Grant.[3]

Michael W. Smith discography
Michael W. Smith performing in 2014
Studio albums14
Live albums6
Compilation albums3
Video albums3
Singles80
Holiday albums4
Instrumental albums2
Box sets3

In 1982, Smith was hired as a keyboardist for Grant and began writing and performing on her albums as well as touring with her as an opening act at her concerts.[4] His first album, Michael W. Smith Project (1983), charted at No. 9 on the Billboard Christian Albums chart and was his first album to be certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). His next albums, Michael W. Smith 2 (1984) and The Big Picture (1986), also charted in the top ten, but attempts to market The Big Picture to mainstream audiences did not succeed.[4] I 2 (EYE) (1988) became Smith's first No. 1 album on the Christian Albums chart and his second gold album, and seven of its singles reached the top ten on the CCM Update Christian radio charts.

Go West Young Man (1990) became Smith's first album to chart on the Billboard 200, and the singles "Place in This World" and "For You" peaked at Nos. 6 and 60 on the Billboard Hot 100. The album was certified platinum by the RIAA and certified gold by Music Canada. Change Your World (1992) and I'll Lead You Home (1995) also received platinum certifications. "I Will Be Here for You", the lead single from Change Your World, topped the adult contemporary charts in the United States and Canada while charting at No. 8 in Canada and No. 27 on the Hot 100, and I'll Lead You Home was the first Christian album to debut in the top 20 on the Billboard 200.[5]

Live the Life (1998), This Is Your Time (1999), and Healing Rain (2004) all received gold certifications; other gold-certified albums include the compilation album The First Decade (1983–1993) (1993), the holiday albums Christmas (1989) and Christmastime (1998), and the instrumental release Freedom (2000). Smith's live albums Worship (2001) and Worship Again (2002) have been certified double platinum and platinum, respectively, by the RIAA. His album Sovereign (2014) debuted at No. 10 on the Billboard 200, his highest career ranking on the chart.[6] His most recent studio album, A Million Lights (2018), was released a week apart from his live album Surrounded (2018); both albums charted at No. 2 on the Christian Albums chart.

Albums

Studio albums

List of studio albums, with chart positions and certifications
Title Album details Peak chart positions Certifications
US
[7]
US
Christ

[8]
Michael W. Smith Project 9
Michael W. Smith 2
  • Released: February 23, 1984[10]
  • Label: Reunion
  • Format: CD, cassette, digital download, LP
4
The Big Picture
  • Released: February 1, 1986[11]
  • Label: Reunion
  • Format: CD, cassette, digital download, LP
2
i 2 (EYE)
  • Released: August 15, 1988[9]
  • Label: Reunion
  • Format: CD, cassette, digital download, LP
1
Go West Young Man
  • Released: September 24, 1990[9]
  • Label: Reunion
  • Format: CD, cassette, digital download, LP
741
Change Your World
  • Released: August 21, 1992[9]
  • Label: Reunion
  • Format: CD, cassette, digital download, LP
861
  • RIAA: Platinum[9]
I'll Lead You Home
  • Released: August 1, 1995[9]
  • Label: Reunion
  • Format: CD, cassette, digital download
161
  • RIAA: Platinum[9]
Live the Life
  • Released: April 28, 1998[9]
  • Label: Reunion
  • Format: CD, cassette, digital download
231
This Is Your Time
  • Released: November 23, 1999[9]
  • Label: Reunion
  • Format: CD, digital download
211
Healing Rain
  • Released: October 26, 2004[9]
  • Label: Reunion
  • Format: CD, digital download, DualDisc
111
Stand
  • Released: November 7, 2006[13]
  • Label: Reunion
  • Format: CD, digital download
481
Wonder
  • Released: September 28, 2010[14]
  • Label: Reunion
  • Format: CD, digital download
262
    Sovereign
    • Released: May 13, 2014[15]
    • Label: Sparrow/The MWS Group
    • Format: CD, digital download, LP
    101
    A Million Lights
    • Released: February 16, 2018[16]
    • Label: Rocketown
    • Format: CD, digital download
    [upper-alpha 1]2
    Still, Vol. 1
    • Released: October 9, 2020
    • Label: Rocketown
    • Format: Digital download
    42
    "—" denotes releases that did not chart

    Box sets

    List of box sets, with chart positions
    Title Album details Peak chart positions
    US
    Christ

    [8]
    US
    Holiday

    [18]
    The Wonder Years
    • Released: November 23, 1993[19]
    • Label: Reunion
    • Format: CD
    • Contains: Two CDs and a 24-page spiral-bound book[20]
    30
    The Christmas Collection 1424
    The Ultimate Christmas Collection 46
    "—" denotes releases that did not chart.

    Compilation albums

    List of holiday albums, with chart positions and certifications
    Title Album details Peak chart positions Certifications
    US
    [7]
    US
    Christ

    [8]
    The First Decade (1983–1993) 1
    The Second Decade (1993–2003)
    • Released: October 7, 2003[23]
    • Label: Reunion
    • Format: CD, digital download
    381
    Decades of Worship 995
    "—" denotes the album did not chart.

    Holiday albums

    List of holiday albums, with chart positions and certifications
    Title Album details Peak chart positions Certifications
    US
    [7]
    US
    Christ

    [8]
    US
    Holiday

    [18]
    Christmas 3
    Christmastime
    • Released: October 13, 1998[25]
    • Label: Reunion
    • Format: CD, cassette, digital download
    9054
    It's a Wonderful Christmas
    • Released: October 14, 2007[26]
    • Label: Reunion
    • Format: CD, cassette, digital download
    5422
    The Spirit of Christmas
    • Released: September 30, 2014[27]
    • Label: Sparrow/The MWS Group
    • Format: CD, cassette, digital download
    1611
    "—" denotes releases that did not chart

    Instrumental albums

    List of instrumental albums, with chart positions and certifications
    Title Album details Peak chart positions Certifications
    US
    [7]
    US
    Christ

    [8]
    Freedom 702
    Glory
    • Released: November 22, 2011[29]
    • Label: Reunion
    • Format: CD, digital download
    1217

    Live albums

    List of live albums, with chart positions and certifications
    Title Album details Peak chart positions Certifications
    US
    [7]
    US
    Christ

    [8]
    The Live Set 4
    Worship
    • Released: September 11, 2001[31]
    • Label: Reunion
    • Format: CD, cassette, digital download, DualDisc
    201
    Worship Again
    • Released: September 19, 2002[31]
    • Label: Reunion
    • Format: CD, digital download
    141
    • RIAA: Platinum[9]
    A New Hallelujah
    • Released: October 28, 2008[31]
    • Label: Reunion
    • Format: CD, digital download
    191
    Surrounded
    • Released: February 23, 2018[16]
    • Label: Rocketown
    • Format: CD, digital download
    1882
    Awaken: The Surrounded Experience
    • Released: February 22, 2019[32]
    • Label: Rocketown
    • Format: CD, digital download
    [upper-alpha 2]13
    "—" denotes releases that did not chart

    Other albums

    List of other albums, with chart positions and certifications
    Title Album details Peak chart positions
    US
    [7]
    US
    Christ

    [8]
    US
    Kid

    [33]
    Hymns 251
    Hymns II – Shine on Us
    • Released: January 29, 2016[34]
    • Label: Cracker Barrel
    • Format: CD, digital download
    1723
    Lullaby
    • Released: May 4, 2018[35]
    • Label: Rocketown/The Fuel Music
    • Format: CD, digital download
    8
    "—" denotes releases that did not chart

    Videos

    List of video releases, with chart positions and certifications
    Title Album details Peak chart positions Certifications
    US
    Video

    [36]
    Worship 1
    Live in Concert – A 20 Year Celebration
    • Released: February 10, 2004[9]
    • Label: Reunion
    • Format: DVD
    12
    A New Hallelujah: The Live Worship DVD
    • Released: March 17, 2009[37]
    • Label: Reunion
    • Format: DVD
    2
    "—" denotes releases that did not chart

    Singles

    1980s

    List of singles, with chart positions
    Title Year Peak chart positions Album
    US Christ AC
    [38]
    US Christ CHR
    [39]
    "Great Is the Lord" 1983 1 Michael W. Smith Project
    "Could He Be the Messiah" 21
    "Friends" (w/ Amy Grant) 7
    "Hosanna" 1984 2 Michael W. Smith 2
    "I Am Sure" 8
    "I Know" 1986 51 The Live Set
    "Rocketown" 11 The Big Picture
    "Voices" 519
    "Wired for Sound" 4
    "Old Enough to Know" 1987 246
    "Emily" 81 The Live Set
    "Nothin' But the Blood" 285
    "Friends (Live)" 1988 3413
    "Pray for Me" 12 I 2 (EYE)
    "Help You Find Your Way" 13
    "Hand of Providence" 24
    "I Miss the Way" 1989 4
    "Live and Learn" 77
    "The Throne" 11
    "On the Other Side" 23
    "Holy, Holy, Holy" 5 Our Hymns
    "—" denotes releases that did not chart

    1990s

    List of singles, with chart positions
    Title Year Peak chart positions Album
    US
    [40]
    US
    AC

    [41]
    CAN
    [42]
    CAN AC
    [43]
    US Christ AC
    [38]
    US Christ CHR
    [39]
    "I Hear Leesha" 1990 75 I 2 (EYE)
    "Go West Young Man" 21 Go West Young Man
    "Place in this World" 1991 6525811
    "How Long Will Be Too Long" 32
    "For You" 6020651221
    "Seed to Sow" 1992 42
    "Cross My Heart" 3
    "Love Crusade" 4
    "I Will Be Here for You" 2718121 Change Your World
    "Somebody Love Me" 1993 71103211124
    "Give It Away" 11
    "Picture Perfect" [upper-alpha 3]251
    "Kentucky Rose" 1225 The First Decade (1983–1993)
    "Cross of Gold" 1994 24 Change Your World
    "Cry for Love" 1995 11 I'll Lead You Home
    "Straight to the Heart" 325
    "Breakdown" 4
    "I'll Lead You Home" 1996 22
    "I'll Be Around" 13
    "A Little Stronger Every Day" 25
    "Someday" 53
    "Emmanuel" (w/ Amy Grant) 37 Emmanuel: A Musical Celebration of the Life of Christ
    "Jesus Is the Answer" 1997 49 Tribute: The Songs of Andrae Crouch
    "Live the Life" 13 Live the Life
    "Love Me Good" 1998 6154
    "Never Been Unloved" 19
    "Missing Person" 12
    "Christmastime" 12 Christmastime
    "Let Me Show You the Way" 1999 116 Live the Life
    "This is Your Time" 2515 This Is Your Time
    "—" denotes releases that did not chart

    2000–present

    List of singles, with chart positions
    Title Year Peak chart positions Album
    US
    AC

    [41]
    US Christ.
    [45]
    Christ. Airplay
    [46]
    "I Will Be Your Friend" 2000 [upper-alpha 4] This Is Your Time
    "I Still Have the Dream" [upper-alpha 5]
    "Worth It All" [upper-alpha 6]
    "Above All" 2001 [upper-alpha 7] Worship
    "Breathe" 2002 [upper-alpha 8]
    "Purified" [upper-alpha 9]
    "Lord Have Mercy" [upper-alpha 10] Worship Again
    "Step by Step/Forever We Will Sing" 2003 21
    "Friends 2003" 39 The Second Decade (1993–2003)
    "Signs" 12
    "Healing Rain" 2004 5 Healing Rain
    "Here I Am" 2005 [upper-alpha 11]
    "Bridge Over Troubled Water" 2829
    "All in the Serve" 2006 36 The Second Chance
    "Come to the Cross" 19 Stand
    "Be Lifted High" 2007 [upper-alpha 12]
    "Christmas Day"
    (w/ Mandisa)
    182 It's a Wonderful Christmas
    "A New Hallelujah"
    (w/ the African Children's Choir)
    2008 14 A New Hallelujah
    "Mighty to Save" 2009 25
    "Save Me From Myself" 2010 [upper-alpha 13] Wonder
    "I'll Wait for You"
    "You Won't Let Go" 2014 1316 Sovereign
    "Sovereign Over Us" 38
    "Sky Spills Over" 2015 1820
    "A Million Lights" 2017 244447 A Million Lights
    "Surrounded (Fight My Battles)" 2018 33 Surrounded
    "Waymaker"
    (with Vanessa Campagna and Madelyn Berry)
    2019 31 Awaken: The Surrounded Experience
    "Silver Bells"
    (with Amy Grant and Marc Martel)
    7 non-album single, No. 1 at Billboard Christian AC Monitor

    and Mediabase Christian AC

    "—" denotes releases that did not chart
    List of singles as featured artist, with chart positions
    Title Year Peak chart positions Album
    US
    AC

    [41]
    Christ. Airplay
    [46]
    "Love of My Life" (Jim Brickman featuring Michael W. Smith) 1999 9 Destiny
    "All Is Well" (Jordan Smith featuring Michael W. Smith) 2018 22 Non-album single
    "—" denotes releases that did not chart

    Other charted songs

    List of other charted songs, with chart positions
    Title Year Peak chart positions Album
    US Christ.
    [45]
    Christ. Airplay
    [46]
    "Missing Person" 2003 40 Live The Life
    "All Is Well"
    (with Carrie Underwood)
    2013 622 The Spirit of Christmas
    "White Christmas"
    (with Lady Antebellum)
    39
    "It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year" 2014 3824
    "Happy Holiday/Holiday Season" 3922
    "Silent Night"
    (with Little Big Town)
    48
    "Almost There"
    (with Amy Grant)
    2735
    "Christmas Day"
    (with Jennifer Nettles)
    49
    "Reve du Noel" 2017 43 Our Christmas
    "—" denotes releases that did not chart

    Notes

    1. A Million Lights did not chart on the Billboard 200, but it did peak at No. 42 on the component Top Album Sales chart.[17]
    2. Awaken: The Surrounded Experience did not chart on the Billboard 200, but it did peak at No. 73 on the component Top Album Sales chart.[17]
    3. "Picture Perfect" did not chart on the Billboard Hot 100, but it did peak at No. 16 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 singles chart.[44]
    4. "I Will Be Your Friend" was released before the Billboard Christian Songs chart was created, but it did peak at No. 2 on The CCM Update Adult Contemporary chart.[47]
    5. "I Still Have the Dream" was released before the Billboard Christian Songs chart was created, but it did peak at No. 7 on The CCM Update Christian Hit Radio chart.[39]
    6. "Worth It All" was released before the Billboard Christian Songs chart was created, but it did peak at Nos. 4 and 7 on The CCM Update Adult Contemporary and Christian Hit Radio charts, respectively.[39][47]
    7. "Above All" was released before the Billboard Christian Songs chart was created, but it did peak at Nos. 1 and 17 on The CCM Update Adult Contemporary and Christian Hit Radio charts, respectively.[39][47]
    8. "Breathe" was released before the Billboard Christian Songs chart was created, but it did peak at No. 18 on the Radio & Records Christian AC chart.[48]
    9. "Purified" was released before the Billboard Christian Songs chart was created, but it did peak at Nos. 1 and 24 on the Radio & Records INSPO and Christian AC charts, respectively.[49]
    10. "Lord Have Mercy" was released before the Billboard Christian Songs chart was created, but it did peak at Nos. 1 and 9 on the Radio & Records INSPO and Christian AC charts, respectively.[50]
    11. "Here I Am" did not chart on the Billboard Christian Songs chart, but it did peak at No. 1 and 3 on the Radio & Records INSPO and Christian AC Indicator charts, respectively.[51][52]
    12. "Be Lifted High" did not chart on the Billboard Christian Songs chart, but it did peak at No. 26 on the Billboard Christian AC Songs chart.[53]
    13. "Save Me From Myself" did not chart on the Billboard Christian Songs chart, but it did peak at No. 50 on the Billboard Christian/Gospel Digital Songs chart.[54]

    References

    General

    • Brothers, Jeffery Lee (2003). Hot Hits: Adult Contemporary Charts 1978—2001. CCM Magazine. pp. 58–59. ISBN 1-4107-3294-0.
    • Powell, Mark Allan (March 2003). The Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music. Hendrickson Publishers. p. 161. ISBN 1-56563-679-1.

    Specific

    1. Hoover, Carl (May 9, 2018). "Illuminated: Michael W. Smith finds new energy for 'One Million Lights' tour". Waco Tribune-Herald. Archived from the original on July 6, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
    2. Asker, Jim (March 8, 2018). "Passion, Michael W. Smith & Jekalyn Carr Debut on Christian & Gospel Charts". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
    3. Asker, Jim (February 15, 2018). "Michael W. Smith Returns to Hot Christian Songs Chart: Music Can 'Transform a Life on Every Level'". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
    4. Powell 2003, p. 839.
    5. Borzillo, Carrie (April 27, 1996). "SoundScan's hard facts support Christian's competitive edge" (PDF). Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. 108 (17): 34. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
    6. Caulfield, Keith (May 22, 2014). "The Black Keys Earn First No. 1 Album; Michael Jackson Debuts At No. 2". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 6, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
    7. "Chart History: Billboard 200". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on May 14, 2018. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
    8. "Chart History: Christian Albums". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on May 20, 2018. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
    9. "American certifications – Michael W. Smith". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
    10. "Michael W. Smith II by Michael W. Smith". Amazon. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
    11. "The Big Picture by Michael W. Smith". iTunes. Archived from the original on July 7, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
    12. "Canadian certifications – Michael W. Smith". Music Canada. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
    13. DiBiase, John (November 4, 2006). "Michael W. Smith, 'Stand' Review". Jesus Freak Hideout. Archived from the original on October 21, 2018. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
    14. "Michael W. Smith releases "Wonder" today, see him in Louisville Nov. 27". The Kentucky Center for the Performing Arts. September 28, 2010. Archived from the original on July 7, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
    15. Paulson, Dave (July 5, 2014). "Michael W. Smith is busy and blessed in 2014". The Tennessean. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
    16. Hamby, DeWayne (February 9, 2018). "After the Death of His Father, This Music Star Wrote an Amos 5 Worship Album". Charisma. Archived from the original on July 6, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
    17. "Chart History: Top Album Sales". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
    18. "Chart History: Holiday Albums". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on May 20, 2018. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
    19. "Michael W. Smith – Wonder Years". Amazon. Archived from the original on July 17, 2013. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
    20. Grace, Jenny Lee (February 1, 1994). "Review: Michael W Smith – The Wonder Years 1983–1993". Cross Rhythms. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
    21. "The Christmas Collection by Michael W. Smith". New Release Today. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
    22. "The Ultimate Christmas Collection by Michael W. Smith". New Release Today. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
    23. DiBiase, John (October 6, 2003). "Michael W. Smith, 'The Second Decade (1993–2003)' Review". Jesus Freak Hideout. Archived from the original on October 21, 2018. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
    24. Moring, Mark (January 12, 2012). "Interview: Michael W. Smith". Christianity Today. Archived from the original on October 22, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
    25. "'Christmastime' In Stores October 13". Michaelwsmith.com. Archived from the original on February 3, 1999. Retrieved July 7, 2019.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
    26. Summerford, Lauren (October 14, 2007). "Michael W. Smith, 'It's a Wonderful Christmas' Review". Jesus Freak Hideout. Archived from the original on October 21, 2018. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
    27. Paulson, Dave (August 30, 2014). "Michael W. Smith, Bono team up on Christmas album". The Tennessean. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
    28. "Michael W. Smith, "Freedom" Review". Jesus Freak Hideout. Archived from the original on October 16, 2018. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
    29. Callaway, Leann. "Michael W. Smith releases new instrumental album, 'Glory'". The Sound Opinion. Archived from the original on July 6, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
    30. "Michael W. Smith – The Live Set". Amazon. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
    31. "Michael W. Smith and Steven Curtis Chapman Team up for United Tour". CBN.com. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
    32. "Surrounded Experience". Cross Rhythms. February 5, 2019. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
    33. "Chart History: Kid Albums". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
    34. "Listen to ALL 16 songs of Hymns II: Shine on Us". Michaelwsmith.com. January 15, 2016. Archived from the original on July 6, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
    35. Cummings, Tony (April 12, 2018). "Michael W Smith: Award-winning singer to release children's album and book". Cross Rhythms. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
    36. The following sources confirm the chart positions for the Billboard Music Video Sales chart:
      • "Music Video Sales". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. September 14, 2002. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
      • "Music Video Sales". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. February 28, 2004. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
      • "Music Video Sales". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. April 4, 2009. Archived from the original on October 22, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
    37. Krumenauer, Heidi. "Michael W. Smith Reflects on 25 Successful Years". CBN.com. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
    38. Brothers 2003, p. 197-199.
    39. Powell 2003, p. 842.
    40. "Chart History: Hot 100". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
    41. "Chart History: Adult Contemporary". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
    42. The following sources confirm the chart positions for the RPM Top Singles chart:
    43. The following sources confirm the chart positions for the RPM Adult Contemporary chart:
    44. "Bubbling Under Hot 100". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. July 24, 1993. Archived from the original on July 5, 2019. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
    45. "Chart History: Christian Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
    46. "Chart History: Christian Airplay". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
    47. Brothers 2003, p. 199.
    48. "Christian" (PDF). Radio & Records: 106. April 12, 2002. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
    49. "Christian" (PDF). Radio & Records: 87. September 6, 2002. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
    50. "Christian" (PDF). Radio & Records (1491): 101, 103. February 14, 2003. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
    51. "Christian" (PDF). Radio & Records (1619): 81. August 12, 2005. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
    52. "Christian" (PDF). Radio & Records (1623): 86. September 9, 2005. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
    53. "Christian AC Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. May 26, 2007. Archived from the original on July 5, 2019. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
    54. "Christian/Gospel Digital Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. September 4, 2010. Archived from the original on July 6, 2019. Retrieved July 5, 2019.

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