National Thowheeth Jama'ath

The group promotes an "Islamist terrorist ideology".[9] The director of the International Center for the Study of Violent Extremism said that it "aims to spread the global jihadist movement to Sri Lanka and to create hatred, fear, and divisions in society."[9]

The NTJ believes that the world was made solely for Muslims and is against other religions. They also do not consider Sufis as Muslims believing them to be Kafirs that should be killed, and they have carried out attacks against Sufi mosques. Since 2016 they began supporting the ideology of Islamic State preaching that all "non-Muslims" must be killed for a Muslim takeover of Sri Lanka.[13][14][15]

The NTJ was founded by Moulvi Zahran Hashim in the exclusively Muslim town of Kattankudy, which has been called a "fertile ground for extremism" and has seen Arabisation and the spread of Wahhabism since the 1980s with funding from gulf nations.[16][17]

While Zahran was actively propagating radical Islamism as far as 2013, he only began propagating violent extremism in 2016.[18] However, according to Sufi leaders of Kattankudy Zahran did preach violence early on and even began publishing a magazine from 2013 which had calls for attacks on Sufis. It was from 2016 that Zahran preached about a "Muslim takeover" of Sri Lanka by killing all "non-Muslims" and demanded that the hosting of the Sri Lankan National flag be stopped as it is a threat to the Islamic State. In 2016 Zahran also began to preach against Catholics and Christmas.[15]

The NTJ's leadership had been condemned by several Sri Lankan Muslim organisations in 2016 for advocating extreme fundamentalist indoctrination of children and for clashes with Buddhist monks.[3][9]

During the 2015 presidential election, Zahran campaigned against the then-president Mahinda Rajapaksa and in favour of Maithripala Sirisena. During the 2015 General Election, however, he used the votes of his 2,000–3,000 followers to make Muslim politicians from both major and minor parties in the Eastern Province to sign an agreement which included a ban on music, gender segregation in seating arrangements, refusal to support "moderate" Muslims and Sufis as well as a condition saying the political parties should support groups such as the National Thawheed Jama'ath. Those that signed the agreement include Shafi Salley, Shibly Farook, M.L.A.M. Hizbullah, A. L. M. Ruby and Abdul Rahman. Zahran however worked against Hizbullah after his supporters played music at one of his events.[19][20][21][22][15]

The group also terrorised the Sufi Muslim population in Kattankudy, who were considered as Kafirs by extremists and, according to Zahran, all Kafirs must be killed according to Sharia law. Sufi mosques were shot and Sufis were targeted by a sword-wielding mob led by Zahran in 2017. Despite complaints by Muslim organisations, the government failed to take proper action against Zahran and the NTJ.[14]

It was later revealed that the Police had in fact been trying to ban the organisation and take down their websites since 2017. However the Attorney General's department did not take several letters by the Terrorism Investigation Division seriously and the CDs sent by the TID containing Zahran's lectures were given to lesser officials to watch by Senior State Counsel Malik Aziz who ordered them to compile a report.[23]

The NTJ members included two associates of Zahran who were principal and teacher of Muslim schools respectively and were in charge of looking over his mosques. A NTJ member was part of the parliament staff.[24][25] 64 Sri Lankan MPs have also accused the former Muslim cabinet minister Rishad Bathiudeen of backing the terrorists. The allegations included supply of empty shell casings to a factory owned by one of the bombers and Rishad's Moulvi advisor being arrested on suspicion of being a terrroist.[26] Bathiudeen rejected ever having such an advisor and rejected asking for release of any of the suspects.[27] K. D. N. Ranjith Asoka, Secretary Ministry of Industry & Commerce, rejected that Rishad requested any shell casings to be supplied to the bomber's factory.[28]

In 2018, NTJ was linked to vandalism of Buddhist statues following anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka.[4][5] The group's propaganda highlighted violence against Muslims in Myanmar, Sri Lanka, India and other countries.[29] Group's online propaganda was handled by Aadhil Ameez who was employed by Virtusa in Sri Lanka as a software engineer. Aadhil's online activities were being monitored by Indian authorities since 2016 due to his links with Indian Jihadists. In order to promote Islamic State ideology he falsely claimed online to Indian Muslims that he was jailed, his house torched and he was beaten by Buddhists till he was limping.[30]

Zahran was a radical Islamist imam believed to be the mastermind behind the Sri Lanka bombings, preached on a pro-ISIL Facebook account, known as "Al-Ghuraba" media, and on YouTube.[31][32]

According to Sri Lankan Government sources the NTJ have 100–150 core members as well as numerous mosque in various regions of Sri Lanka. According to the Muslim community in Kattankudy Zahran's sermons outside the mosques attracted 2,000–3,000 people.[16][13]

After the government crackdown security forces found caches of weapons and explosives as well as CDs and literature containing Islamic extremist material. Security forces discovered detonators, firearms, ammunition, ammonia packets and other explosives including C4, incendiary bombs, knives, GPS, military camouflage, katana swords, machettes and suicide jackets from various parts of the country.[41][42][43][44]

On 5 May, government forces discovered a 15-acre land in Kattankudy disguised as a farm and is believed to be a training camp for militants and the next day raided a two-story guesthouse in Nuwara Eliya based on intel by arrested suspects. 35 terrorists including the bombers had received firearms training in this place.[45][46][47]

The discovery of a large number of swords from Mosques and Muslim homes without known affiliation with the organisation raised concern on the scale of the issue. The government theorised that it may be to cut shrubs or to protect women which was seen as a cover up by the opposition. On 13 May a woman was found with an artillery shell, several tail parts of RPG and mortar shells.[48][49][50]

On 27 June, Hayathu Mohamed Ahamed Milan, one of several suspects that were arrested in Jeddah and handed over to Sri Lanka led investigators to several large weapons caches in Kattankudy where over 300 gelignite sticks, 8 litres of gelignite liquid, a stock of detonating cord, 1000 detonators, 485 T56 live ammunition and several other explosive materials were discovered.[51]

On 27 August, police arrested two cadres of the group in Ampara town of Ampara District in the Eastern Province based on information provided by the State Intelligence Service, reports Colombo Page. The arrestees are identified as Muhammed Raisuddin Abdur Rahman (alias Abu Anas) and Seinul Aabdeen Hafsal (alias Abu Rawa).[52]

The organisation has pledged allegiance to ISIL, who released a video after the attacks through its AMAQ news agency showing eight men declaring loyalty to its leader, Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi, under the black ISIL flag.[1][53]

According to State Defence Minister Ruwan Wijewardene the organisation is believed to have close ties with Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen India (JMI), the Indian unit of the Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh.[54][55]

The NTJ is believed to have received funding from foreign entities to build its mosques. Sri Lankan media citing a Lebanese newspaper published an alleged leaked document from Saudi Arabia sent to the Saudi ambassador in Sri Lanka 5 days prior to the attack. The document instructs to remove all information related to ties with foreign and local groups. Saudi Arabia dismissed the allegations and criticised the Sri Lankan government for allowing state media to publish the document. General Secretary of the SLFP, Dayasiri Jayasekara speaking to the media claimed that there was "firm evidence" to prove that religious extremists in Saudi Arabia and Qatar have been funding Islamic extremists in Sri Lanka and requested the Saudi and Qatari government to take action against these groups.[13][56][57]