National University of Ireland (constituency)

National University of Ireland (NUI) is a university constituency in Ireland, which currently elects three senators to Seanad Éireann. Its electorate is the graduates of the university, which has a number of constituent universities. It previously elected members to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom (1918–21), to the House of Commons of Southern Ireland (1921) and to Dáil Éireann (1918–1936).

National University of Ireland
Seanad Éireann Constituency
Current constituency
Created1938
Seats3
Senators
  •   Alice Mary Higgins (Ind)
  •   Michael McDowell (Ind)
  •   Rónán Mullen (HDA)

Representation

From To Chamber Members
1918 1922 House of Commons of the United Kingdom / First Dáil 1
1921 1922 House of Commons of Southern Ireland / Second Dáil 4
1922 1923 Third Dáil 4
1923 1937 Free State Dáil 3
1938 Seanad Éireann 3

House of Commons of the United Kingdom

National University of Ireland
Former University constituency
for the House of Commons
19181922

Under the Redistribution of Seats (Ireland) Act 1918, NUI was enfranchised as a new university constituency and continued to be entitled to be represented by one Member of Parliament in the British House of Commons until the dissolution of Parliament on 26 October 1922, shortly before the Irish Free State became a dominion outside the United Kingdom on 6 December 1922. In 1918 the electorate included all registered male graduates over 21 (or over 19 if in the armed services) and all female graduates over 30. There were 3,819 voters registered for the 1918 general election. Most, if not all, of those electors would have been plural voters also entitled to vote in a territorial constituency. The 1918 general election took place on 14 December and the results were declared on 28 December, except for the university constituencies. NUI voted between 18–22 December and the result was declared on 23 December. Eoin MacNeill was elected (and also for Londonderry City) standing for Sinn Féin and therefore did not take his seat in Westminster, instead serving as a member of the first Dáil Éireann.

House of Commons of Southern Ireland

The Government of Ireland Act 1920 established a devolved home rule legislature, within the United Kingdom, for twenty-six Irish counties which were designated Southern Ireland. NUI was given four seats in the House of Commons of Southern Ireland. At the 1921 Southern Ireland House of Commons election, all 128 seats were elected unopposed. Of these, 124 were Sinn Féin members, who formed the TDs of the Second Dáil. This included the four representatives of the NUI.

The Parliament was dissolved as part of the arrangements under the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1922.

Dáil Éireann

National University of Ireland
Former Dáil Éireann
Parliamentary Constituency
Former constituency
Created1922
Abolished1937
Seats4 (1922–1923)
3 (1923–1937)

In the 1918 general election, Sinn Féin contested the election on the basis that they would not take seats in the United Kingdom Parliament but would establish a revolutionary assembly in Dublin.

The University was, in Irish republican theory, entitled to return one Teachta Dála (known in English as a Deputy) in 1918 to serve in the Irish Republic's First Dáil. This revolutionary body assembled on 21 January 1919. In republican theory every MP elected in Ireland was a member of the First Dáil. In practice only Sinn Féin members participated, including the Deputy for the University.

In May 1921, elections were held to the parliaments established under the Government of Ireland Act 1920. Sinn Féin had decided to use the polls for the House of Commons of Northern Ireland and the House of Commons of Southern Ireland together as an election for the Irish Republic's Second Dáil. At the last meeting of the First Dáil on 10 May 1921, it passed a motion, the first three parts of which expressed this constitutional position.[1]

  1. That the parliamentary elections which are to take place during the present month be regarded as elections to Dáil Éireann.
  2. That all deputies duly returned at these elections be regarded as members of Dáil Éireann and allowed to take their seats on subscribing to the proposed Oath of Allegiance.
  3. That the present Dáil dissolve automatically as soon as the new body has been summoned by the President and called to order.

No voting occurred in Southern Ireland as all the seats were filled by unopposed returns. Except for University of Dublin all constituencies outside Northern Ireland elected Sinn Féin TDs. The Second Dáil first met on 16 August 1921, thereby dissolving the First Dáil. The Third Dáil was also elected under the constituencies established by the Government of Ireland Act 1920. On 6 December 1922, this became the house of representatives of the new Irish Free State.

From the Electoral Act 1923 the Irish Free State defined its own Dáil constituencies. National University of Ireland was reduced to three seats. This Act abolished plural voting for University constituencies and enfranchised women on the same terms as men. Qualified voters could register for a University or a territorial constituency but not for both. The qualifications for an elector to be registered as a University voter were set out in Section 1(2)(c) of the 1923 Act. They were to be registered at "the University constituency comprising a university in which he or she has received a degree other than an honorary degree".[2]

The Constitution (Amendment No. 23) Act 1936 repealed provisions of the Constitution of the Irish Free State providing for University representation in Dáil Éireann, with effect from the next dissolution of the Oireachtas which took place on 14 June 1937. The seat left vacant by Conor Maguire in 1936 on his appointment to the High Court was not filled.

Teachtaí Dála (TDs) for National University of Ireland 19181937
Key to parties
DáilElectionDeputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
1st1918 Eoin MacNeill
(SF)
1 seats under 1918 Act
2nd1921 Ada English
(SF)
Michael Hayes
(SF)
William Stockley
(SF)
3rd1922 Eoin MacNeill
(SF (PT))
William Magennis
(Ind)
Michael Hayes
(SF (PT))
William Stockley
(SF (AT))
4th1923 Eoin MacNeill
(CnaG)
William Magennis
(CnaG)
Michael Hayes
(CnaG)
3 seats
from 1923
1923 by-election Patrick McGilligan
(CnaG)
5th1927 (Jun) Arthur Clery
(Ind)
Michael Hayes
(CC)
6th1927 (Sep) Michael Tierney
(CnaG)
7th1932 Conor Maguire
(FF)
8th1933 Helena Concannon
(FF)
1936 (seat vacant)

Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.

Seanad Éireann

Article 18.4 of the Constitution of Ireland adopted in 1937, provided that the National University of Ireland would have three seats in the new Seanad Éireann. The Seanad Electoral (University Members) Act 1937 gave effect to this constitutional provision, with graduates of the National University of Ireland entitled to elect Senators by single transferable vote. The first Seanad election took place in 1938, and thereafter elections to the Seanad take place within 90 days of the dissolution of the Dáil. The Seventh Amendment, adopted in 1979, allows for a redistribution of the six university seats among the University of Dublin, the National University of Ireland, and any other institutions of higher education in the State which do not have representation. No legislation followed since to make any such change.

Political party labels do not appear on Seanad election ballot papers.

Senators for National University of Ireland 1938present
Key to parties
SenElectionSenator
(Party)
Senator
(Party)
Senator
(Party)
2nd1938 Henry Barniville
(Ind)
Helena Concannon
(FF)
Michael Tierney
(Ind)
3rd1938
4th1943
5th1944 Michael Ryan
(Ind)
6th1948 George O'Brien
(Ind)
7th1951
1953 John Cunningham
(Ind)
8th1954 Roger McHugh
(Ind)
9th1957 Patrick Quinlan
(Ind)
10th1961 Dónall Ó Conalláin
(Ind)
11th1965 Bryan Alton
(Ind)
12th1969 John Horgan
(Lab)
13th1973 Augustine Martin
(Ind)
14th1977 Gemma Hussey
(Ind)
John A. Murphy
(Ind)
15th1981 Gemma Hussey
(FG)
Liam Ryan
(Ind)
16th1982 James Dooge
(FG)
Brendan Ryan
(Ind)
17th1983 Michael D. Higgins
(Lab)
18th1987 Joe O'Toole
(Ind)
John A. Murphy
(Ind)
19th1989
20th1993 Feargal Quinn
(Ind)
Joe Lee
(Ind)
21st1997 Brendan Ryan
(Ind)
22nd2002 Brendan Ryan
(Lab)
23rd2007 Rónán Mullen
[note 1]
(Ind)
24th2011 John Crown
(Ind)
25th2016 Michael McDowell
(Ind)
Alice Mary Higgins
(Ind)
26th2020 Rónán Mullen
(HDA)

Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns.

  1. Founded the Human Dignity Alliance in June 2018

Elections

2020 election

2020 Seanad election: National University of Ireland[3][4]
Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
Human Dignity Alliance Rónán Mullen 9,642 25.2 1 1
Independent Michael McDowell 8,951 23.4 2 10
Independent Alice Mary Higgins 4,944 12.9 3 16
Solidarity Ruth Coppinger 3,615 9.5
Labour Laura Harmon 2,187 5.7
Independent Michelle Healy 1,540 4.0
Independent Rory Hearne 1,321 3.5
Green Eva Elizabeth Dowling 1,229 3.2
Independent Brendan Price 1,090 2.9
Independent Mick Finn 908 2.4
Independent Anne Staunton Barrett 446 1.2
Independent Jennifer Butler 366 1.0
Independent Karen Devine 359 0.9
Independent Peter Finnegan 346 0.9
Independent Keith Scanlon 309 0.8
Independent Garbhan Downey 305 0.8
Independent Abbas Ali O'Shea 254 0.7
Independent Marcus Matthews 176 0.5
Independent Eoin Delahunty 130 0.3
Electorate: 112,206   Valid: 38,209   Spoilt: 91   Quota: 9,553   Turnout: 34.1%

2016 election

2016 Seanad election: National University of Ireland[5]
PartyCandidateFPv%Count
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728
Independent Rónán Mullen 20.28 7,362 7,369 7,372 7,404 7,412 7,425 7,444 7,474 7,495 7,569 7,583 7,628 7,655 7,719 7,790 7,826 7,873 7,934 7,980 8,006 8,075 8,316 8,596 8,855 9,016 9,368    
Independent Michael McDowell 15.6 5,661 5,692 5,709 5,719 5,732 5,755 5,819 5,865 5,912 5,981 6,045 6,081 6,178 6,223 6,331 6,437 6,614 6,728 6,859 7,005 7,091 7,385 7,808 8,122 8,570 9,404    
Independent Pádraig Ó Céidigh 6.82 2,475 2,484 2,493 2,517 2,522 2,532 2,547 2,580 2,601 2,643 2,665 2,703 2,756 2,788 2,871 2,932 3,172 3,249 3,313 3,372 3,433 3,618 3,961 4,217 4,513 4,915 5,035 5,595
Independent Alice Mary Higgins 5.66 2,055 2,059 2,070 2,074 2,091 2,131 2,150 2,160 2,185 2,218 2,265 2,309 2,368 2,424 2,481 2,554 2,602 2,682 2,837 3,026 3,336 3,476 3,656 3,922 4,636 5,261 5,375 7,803
Independent David Begg 5.06 1,836 1,839 1,843 1,853 1,866 1,881 1,887 1,897 1,912 1,928 1,950 1,973 1,995 2,017 2,073 2,122 2,174 2,246 2,364 2,465 2,581 2,723 2,823 2,987 3,232      
Independent Martin Khare Daly 4.2 1,523 1,575 1,578 1,590 1,591 1,595 1,605 1,615 1,630 1,669 1,685 1,719 1,734 1,757 1,787 1,823 1,873 1,900 1,943 1,961 2,000 2,089            
Labour Laura Harmon 4.08 1,479 1,483 1,498 1,502 1,558 1,605 1,622 1,697 1,729 1,737 1,793 1,859 1,933 2,058 2,090 2,223 2,275 2,359 2,515 2,716 2,952 3,088 3,218 3,542 4,124 4,567 4,663  
Independent Ellen O'Malley Dunlop 4.00 1,450 1,453 1,463 1,465 1,471 1,492 1,518 1,532 1,563 1,572 1,602 1,636 1,695 1,739 1,781 1,856 1,887 1,944 2,073 2,170 2,286 2,405 2,539 2,927        
Independent Eddie Murphy 3.56 1,291 1,297 1,302 1,314 1,321 1,331 1,347 1,359 1,416 1,435 1,461 1,478 1,510 1,548 1,568 1,620 1,661 1,734 1,800 1,880 2,010 2,215 2,401          
Independent Christy Kenneally 3.11 1,127 1,134 1,139 1,143 1,150 1,154 1,160 1,180 1,202 1,235 1,250 1,266 1,296 1,340 1,374 1,407 1,447 1,509 1,559 1,624 1,708              
Independent Rory Hearne 2.31 837 838 842 850 860 877 897 900 928 935 952 1,001 1,028 1,083 1,093 1,126 1,142 1,208 1,276 1,451                
Independent Kieran Rose 2.25 818 818 836 840 850 857 873 884 911 916 955 996 1,023 1,047 1,059 1,083 1,095 1,186 1,248                  
Labour Aideen Hayden 2.14 776 778 783 787 806 823 833 844 858 866 886 903 935 975 1,012 1,079 1,104 1,152                    
Independent Brendan Price 2.05 745 749 758 771 781 789 803 813 825 836 853 876 907 927 938 961 1,006                      
Independent Enda Ó Coineen 1.96 710 712 713 718 719 725 737 748 756 773 787 798 826 859 898 921                        
Fine Gael Pearce Flannery 1.78 645 646 648 649 650 652 662 671 676 736 748 763 773 783                            
Independent Deirdre Burke 1.68 610 617 618 621 629 652 668 673 687 700 719 734 756 785 885                          
Independent Máire Darker 1.65 599 599 601 610 619 636 643 654 665 675 682 707 729                              
Independent Carol Hunt 1.55 562 566 578 585 591 606 629 641 654 663 684 700                                
Independent Barry Johnston 1.42 515 515 521 523 529 532 544 549 559 560 583                                  
Independent John Higgins 1.32 480 481 483 487 488 490 494 502 506                                      
Independent Paddy Monahan 1.31 474 477 480 481 483 488 504 506 520 521                                    
Independent Paul D'Alton 1.18 430 431 437 442 443 452 461 468                                        
Independent Owen Joseph Dineen 1.02 372 374 375 380 397 399 403                                          
Independent Daragh McGreal 0.99 360 364 371 374 379 382                                            
Independent Karen Devine 0.88 321 323 328 329 331                                              
Labour Luke Field 0.67 242 242 245 248                                                
Independent Jerry Beades 0.54 196 197 199                                                  
Independent Ross Golden Bannon 0.48 174 175                                                    
Independent Michael Sean Molloy 0.46 168                                                      
Electorate: 103,154   Valid: 36,293   Spoilt: 355   Quota: 9,074   Turnout: 35.18%

    2011 election

    2011 Seanad election: National University of Ireland[6]
    Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
    Independent Rónán Mullen 6,459 1 24
    Independent John Crown 4,703 3 24
    Independent Feargal Quinn 4,591 2 24
    Independent Declan Kelleher 3,771
    Independent Bernardine O'Sullivan 2,028
    Independent Donncha O'Connell 1,629
    Fine Gael Helen Keogh 1,362
    Fianna Fáil Regina O'Connor 1,101
    Independent Linda O'Shea Farren 1,083
    Workers and Unemployed Action Paddy Healy 947
    Green Niall Ó Brolcháin 718
    Independent Brendan Price 671
    Independent James Doorley 655
    Independent Peter Mooney 547
    Sinn Féin Eoin Ó Broin 490
    Independent Michael Molloy 484
    Fianna Fáil Paul Lynam 476
    Independent Thomas Canning 354
    Independent James Coyle 307
    Fine Gael John Kennedy 279
    Independent David McCurtin 262
    Independent Francis O'Donnell 199
    Independent Daniel K. Sullivan 193
    Independent Diarmaid Ó Cadhla 182
    Independent James O'Donoughue 154
    Independent Mick Langan 129
    Independent Matthias Cowley 57
    Electorate: ?   Valid: 33,831   Quota: 8,458   Turnout:

    2007 election

    2007 Seanad election: National University of Ireland[7]
    Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
    Independent Joe O'Toole 5,412 1 21
    Independent Rónán Mullen 4,661 3 21
    Independent Feargal Quinn 3,863 2 21
    Labour Brendan Ryan 3,283
    Independent Valerie Bresnihan 3,282
    Independent Bernardine O'Sullivan 2,395
    Independent John Hillery 1,734
    Workers and Unemployed Action Paddy Healy 1,393
    Fine Gael John Kennedy 1,303
    Independent Brendan Price 1,289
    Independent Dáithí Mac Cárthaigh 1,005
    Independent Mark Garavan 951
    Fianna Fáil Liam Crowley 814
    Independent Susan Philips 706
    Green Martin Hogan 683
    Independent Martina Lowe 596
    Independent Linda O'Shea Farren 563
    Independent Mary O'Riordan 538
    Independent Daniel K. Sullivan 372
    Independent Oonagh Monahan 327
    Independent Bernie O'Callaghan 305
    Independent Shane Brodbin 220
    Fathers Rights Liam Ó Gógáin 174
    Independent Mark Connolly 120
    Electorate: ?   Valid: 35,989   Quota: 8,998   Turnout:

    2002 election

    2002 Seanad election: National University of Ireland
    Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
    Independent Feargal Quinn 5,640 17.5 1 12
    Independent Joe O'Toole 5,463 16.9 2 13
    Labour Brendan Ryan 4,264 13.2 3 13
    Independent Bernardine O'Sullivan 4,054 12.6
    Independent Valerie Bresnihan 2,856 8.9
    Independent Brendan Price 2,035 6.3
    Independent Linda O'Shea Farren 1,533 4.8
    Independent Pierce Purcell 1,295 4.0
    Independent Dáithí Mac Cárthaigh 1,273 4.0
    Fianna Fáil Jim O'Callaghan 1,239 3.8
    Independent Michael Griffin 961 3.0
    Independent Matthew Harmey 590 1.8
    Communist Party Noel Murphy 356 1.1
    Independent Michael Cosgrave 273 0.9
    Independent Colm O'Higgins 226 0.7
    Independent Liam Ó Gógáin 191 0.6
    Electorate: 101,952   Valid: 32,249   Quota: 8,063   Turnout: 31.6%

    1989 election

    1989 Seanad election: National University of Ireland[8]
    PartyCandidateFPv%Count
    1234567
    Independent Brendan Ryan 25.45 6,309 6,309 6,309 6,197 6,197 6,197 6,197
    Independent John A. Murphy 17.29 4,285 4,397 4,557 4,598 5,228 6,323 6,323
    Independent Joe O'Toole 16.43 4,073 4,157 4,278 4,304 4,721 5,042 6,596
    Independent Paul B. McNulty 9.59 2,377 2,447 2,574 2,584 2,984 3,633 4,265
    Independent Tommy Francis 9.07 2,249 2,325 2,397 2,405 2,667 2,841  
    Independent John B. McGilligan 8.98 2,225 2,272 2,397 2,405 2,667 2,841  
    Green John Gormley 7.41 1,837 1,924 2,255 2,277      
    Independent Brendan M. Price 3.47 859 917          
    Independent Diarmuid J. Coogan 2.31 573            
    Electorate: ?   Valid: 24,787   Spoilt: 425   Quota: 6,197   Turnout: ?

      1933 election

      1933 Dáil election: National University of Ireland[9]
      Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
      Fianna Fáil Conor Maguire 1,306 34.6 1 1
      Cumann na nGaedheal Patrick McGilligan 1,028 27.3 2 1
      Fianna Fáil Helena Concannon 773 20.5 2 3
      Cumann na nGaedheal Michael Hayes 664 17.6
      Electorate: 4,655   Valid: 3,771   Quota: 943   Turnout: 81.0%
      • Seat vacant in November 1936 on appointment of Maguire as a Justice of the High Court

      1932 election

      1932 Dáil election: National University of Ireland[10]
      Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
      Ceann Comhairle Michael Hayes N/A Automatically Returned 1 1
      Fianna Fáil Conor Maguire 1,396 44.3 2 1
      Cumann na nGaedheal Patrick McGilligan 1,332 42.2 3 1
      Cumann na nGaedheal Michael Tierney 426 13.5
      Electorate: ?   Valid: 3,154   Quota: 1,052   Turnout:

      September 1927 election

      September 1927 Dáil election: National University of Ireland[11]
      Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
      Ceann Comhairle Michael Hayes N/A Automatically Returned 1 1
      Cumann na nGaedheal Patrick McGilligan 1,229 55.8 2 1
      Fianna Fáil Conor Maguire 652 29.6
      Cumann na nGaedheal Michael Tierney 319 14.5 3
      Electorate: ?   Valid: 2,200   Quota: 734   Turnout:

      June 1927 election

      June 1927 Dáil election: National University of Ireland[12]
      Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
      Ceann Comhairle Michael Hayes N/A Automatically Returned 1 1
      Cumann na nGaedheal Patrick McGilligan 1,090 50.7 2 1
      Independent Arthur Clery 514 23.9 3 4
      Cumann na nGaedheal Eoin MacNeill 228 10.6
      Independent Agnes O'Farrelly 163 7.6
      Clann Éireann William Magennis 155 7.2
      Electorate: ?   Valid: 2,150   Quota: 717   Turnout:

      1923 by-election

      1923 Dáil by-election: National University of Ireland[13]
      PartyCandidateFPv%Count
      1
      Cumann na nGaedheal Patrick McGilligan 76.5 849
      Republican William Stockley 23.5 261
      Electorate: 1,567   Valid: 1,110   Quota: 556   Turnout: 70.8%
        • By-election was caused by the resignation of Eoin MacNeill.

        1923 election

        1923 Dáil election: National University of Ireland[14]
        Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
        Cumann na nGaedheal Eoin MacNeill 418 34.8 1
        Cumann na nGaedheal Michael Hayes 210 17.5 2
        Cumann na nGaedheal William Magennis 201 16.7 3
        Republican William Stockley 144 12.0
        Independent Agnes O'Farrelly 136 11.3
        Republican Hugh Ryan 93 7.7
        Electorate: 1,561   Valid: 1,202   Quota: 301   Turnout: 77.0%
        • Hayes also stood successfully for Dublin South but chose to sit for this constituency.
        • MacNeill also stood successfully for Clare and chose to sit for that constituency.

        1922 election

        1922 Dáil election: National University of Ireland[15]
        Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
        Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) Eoin MacNeill 888 33.7 1 1
        Independent Arthur W. Conway 410 15.6
        Independent William Magennis 381 14.5 4 4
        Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) William Stockley 349 13.2 3 3
        Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) Ada English 314 11.9
        Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) Michael Hayes 294 11.2 2 2
        Electorate: 5,053   Valid: 2,636   Quota: 528   Turnout: 52.2%

        1921 election

        1921 Southern Ireland House of Commons election: National University of Ireland[16]
        Party Candidate 1st Pref % Seat Count
        Sinn Féin Ada English Unopposed N/A 1
        Sinn Féin Michael Hayes Unopposed N/A 2
        Sinn Féin Eoin MacNeill Unopposed N/A 3
        Sinn Féin William Stockley Unopposed N/A 4

        Sinn Féin refused to recognise the Southern Ireland House of Commons and took their seats as TDs in the Second Dáil.

        1918 election

        The 1918 general election took place on 14 December and the results were declared on 28 December, except for the university constituencies. NUI voted between 18–22 December and the result was declared on 23 December.

        1918 Westminster election: National University of Ireland[17]
        Party Candidate Votes % ±%
        Sinn Féin Eoin MacNeill 1,644 66.9 N/A
        Irish Parliamentary Arthur W. Conway 813 33.1 N/A
        Majority 831 33.8 N/A
        Turnout 2,457 64.3 N/A
        Sinn Féin win (new seat)

        In common with other Sinn Féin MPs, Eoin MacNeill abstained from Westminster and took his seat as a TD in the First Dáil. He was also elected for Londonderry City.

        See also

        References

        1. "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 10 May 1921 - PRESIDENT'S STATEMENT. - ELECTIONS". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
        2. "Electoral Act 1923, Section 1 - Dáil Franchise". Irish Statute Book. 17 April 1923. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
        3. "Seanad Éireann Election 2020 Key Dates". www.nui.ie.
        4. "19 Candidates Nominated to Contest Seanad Éireann Election in the NUI Constituency". www.nui.ie.
        5. http://www.nui.ie/elections/seanad_Election_2016/SE_Election_2016_Final_Result.pdf
        6. "Seanad General Election, April 2011, National University of Ireland Panel". Houses of the Oireachtas. 28 April 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
        7. "Seanad Election: 2007: National University of Ireland". Retrieved 26 September 2007.
        8. Mortell, Michael (17 August 1989). "Result of the election and transfer of votes National University of Ireland" (PDF). National University of Ireland. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
        9. "General election 1933: National University of Ireland". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
        10. "General election 1932: National University of Ireland". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
        11. "General election September 1927: National University of Ireland". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
        12. "General election June 1927: National University of Ireland". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
        13. "By-election 1923: National University of Ireland". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
        14. "General election 1923: National University of Ireland". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
        15. "General election 1922: National University of Ireland". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
        16. "General election 1921: National University of Ireland". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
        17. "General election 1918: National University of Ireland". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 16 September 2010.

        Sources

        • Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland, 1801–1922, edited by B.M. Walker (Royal Irish Academy 1978)
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