Nieuport IV

The Nieuport IV was a French-built sporting, training and reconnaissance monoplane of the early 1910s.

Nieuport IV
Nieuport IV.G of the Air Battalion Royal Engineers
Role Sporting and military monoplane
National origin France
Manufacturer Nieuport
First flight 1911
Introduction 1911
Status retired
Primary users Imperial Russian Air Service
Aéronautique Militaire
Corpo Aeronautico Militare
Produced 1911–1915
Developed from Nieuport III
Variants Nieuport VI
Replica at Nizhny Novgorod of the Nieuport IV.G in which Nesterov performed the first loop in an aircraft
Claude Grahame-White's Nieuport IV circa 1912. This aircraft later served with the Royal Flying Corps.
Emmanouel Argyropoulos and Nieuport IV.G Alkyon in which he made the first flight in Greece.

Design and development

Societe Anonyme des Etablissements Nieuport was formed in 1909 by Édouard Nieuport. The Nieuport IV was a development of the single-seat Nieuport II and two seat Nieuport III.A. It was initially designed as a two-seat sporting and racing monoplane, but was also bought by the air forces of several countries. It was initially powered by a 50 hp (37 kW) Gnome Omega rotary engine, which was later replaced by more powerful rotaries.[1]

Operational history

The first Nieuport IVs were built in 1911 and production continued well into World War I in Russia.[2] The design was adopted in small numbers by most air arms of the period, although the Imperial Russian Air Service was the largest user.

The IV.G was one of the principal aircraft used by the Imperial Russian Air Service during its formative years, with roughly 300 being produced locally by the Russo-Baltic Wagon Works and Shchetinin in St. Petersburg, and the Dux Factory in Moscow.[3] Lt. Pyotr Nesterov performed the first ever loop, over Kiev in a model IV.G on 27 August 1913 for which he was placed under arrest for 10 days for "undue risk to government property" until the feat was repeated in France and he was promoted and awarded a medal.[4]

The French government equipped a single squadron with Nieuport IV.Ms, Escadrille N12 initially based at Reims, having purchased at least 10. This unit continued to operate Nieuport monoplanes after the start of World War I, slowly replacing them with other types as attrition reduced their numbers.[5]

The Swedish Air Force was presented with a IV.G in 1912 by four individuals, becoming one of the first aircraft of that force,[1] which was later joined by a second IV.G in 1913, and a IV.H transferred from the Swedish Navy.[6]

The Japanese Army operated one IV.G and one IV.M, which were designated as Army Nieuport NG2 aeroplane and Army Nieuport NM aeroplane respectively,[7] with the NG being flown in the Tsingtao campaign in September and October 1914 alongside four Maurice Farman MF.11s.[8]

One of the first batch of aircraft purchased by the British Army's Air Battalion Royal Engineers (the precursor to the Royal Flying Corps) was a Nieuport IV.G and serialed B4. Additional IV.G monoplanes were purchased from private individuals including one from Claude Grahame-White and another from Charles Rumney Samson, plus three others.[9][10] The Nieuport IVs were in service when the RFC carried out an investigation into monoplane crashes, and while the report covered an accident involving a Nieuport IV, it was the result of improper maintenance resulting in an engine failure, and not a structural failure such as with the Bristol monoplane and Deperdussin monoplane whose structural deficiencies led to the Monoplane Ban.[11]

Argentina purchased a single IV.G named la Argentina which served with the Escuela de Aviation Militaire.[12]

In Greece a IV.G was bought privately and named Alkyon and after being the first aircraft to fly in Greece, was resold to the government which used it during the First Balkan War in 1912, flying from Larissa.[12]

Siam purchased 4 IV.Gs which were used as trainers at Don Muang airfield.[13]

Spain purchased one IV.G and 4 IV.Ms which were used by the Escuala Nieuport de Peu for training before 3 were transferred to an operational Escuela at Tetuán which then moved to Zezulan, remaining operational until 1917.[6]

Italy's 1st Flottiglia Aeroplani of Tripoli operated several Nieuport IV.Gs during the Italo-Turkish War, one of which became the first aeroplane to be used in combat when it flew a reconnaissance mission against Turkish forces on 23 October 1911.[14] It narrowly missed out to a Bleriot XI with the same unit for the honor of being the first aircraft to drop a bomb on enemy forces. The pilot who carried out the first mission Capt. Maizo, became one of the first victims of anti-aircraft fire, when he was shot down by an Austrian cannon weeks before the war ended in 1912.[14]

Variants
IV
generic base designation (specific aircraft always had an applicable suffix letter)
IV.G
Gnome basic sport/racing model with various sizes of Gnome rotary from 50 to 100 hp (37 to 75 kW)
IV.H
Hydro floatplane fitted with two main floats and a tail float – used extensively for competition with engines of up to 200 hp.
IV.M
enlarged Military observation variant with various Gnome rotaries from 70 to 100 hp (52 to 75 kW) – designed to be readily assembled and disassembled for transport by truck.

Survivors
Nieuport IVG in the Swedish Flygvapenmuseum.

The Swedish Air Force maintained their first model IV in airworthy condition until 1965.[15] This aircraft is now preserved in the Flygvapenmuseum at Malmen near Linköping.[16] The Museo del Aire at Cuatro Vientos near Madrid has a full-scale replica of one of their model IVs.[17]

Operators

Military
 Argentina
 France
 Greece
 Kingdom of Italy
 Japan
 Russia
Siam
 Spain
 Sweden
 United Kingdom

Specifications (IVM)
Nieuport IV.G drawing

Data from Aviafrance

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Capacity: 1 passenger
  • Length: 8.2 m (26 ft 11 in)
  • Wingspan: 12.1 m (39 ft 8 in)
  • Wing area: 22.0 m2 (237 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 483 kg (1,065 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Gnome rotary piston, 75 kW (100 hp)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 120 km/h (75 mph, 65 kn)
  • Time to altitude: 12 minutes 40 seconds to 500m

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Notes
  1. Green, 1965, p.347
  2. Sanger, 2002, p.109-111
  3. Davilla, 1997 p.351
  4. Durkota, 1997, pp.201–204
  5. Sanger, 2002, p.77
  6. Sanger, 2002, p.157
  7. "Brief history of the Nieuport monoplane". Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  8. Francillon, 1979, p.48
  9. Sanger, 2002, p.93-95
  10. Robertson, 1979, p.18
  11. Spooner, Stanley, ed. (1913). "Army Monoplanes Report". Flight Magazine. 5 (215): 154–158. date=February 8, 1913|}}
  12. Sanger, 2002, p.154
  13. Sanger, 2002, p.156
  14. Sanger, 2002, p.131
  15. Green, 1965 p.346
  16. Ogden, 2006, p.484
  17. Ogden, 2006, p.470

References
  • Davilla, Dr. James J.; Soltan, Arthur M. (1997). French Aircraft of the First World War. Stratford, CT: Flying Machines Press. ISBN 978-0-9637110-4-5.
  • Durkota, Alan; Darcey, Thomas; Kulikov, Victor (1995). The Imperial Russian Air Service — Famous Pilots and Aircraft of World War I. Mountain View, CA: Flying Machines Press. pp. 201–204. ISBN 978-0-9637110-2-1.
  • Francillon, René J. (1979). Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. London: Putnam. ISBN 978-0370302515.
  • Green, William (1965). The Aircraft of the World. Macdonald & Co (Publishers) Ltd.
  • Ogden, Bob (2006). Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe. Air-Britain (Historian) Ltd. ISBN 978-0-85130-375-8.
  • Pommier, Gerard (2002). Nieuport 1875–1911 — A biography of Edouard Nieuport. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-1624-1.
  • Robertson, Bruce (1979). British Military Aircraft Serials 1911–1979. Cambridge: Patrick Stevens. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-85059-360-0.
  • Rozendaal, John (31 August 1912). "Der Nieuport-Eindekker (part 1)". Zeitschrift für Flugtechnik und Motorluftschiffahrt (in German). 3 (16): 211–213.
  • Rozendaal, John (14 December 1912). "Der Nieuport-Eindekker (part 2)". Zeitschrift für Flugtechnik und Motorluftschiffahrt (in German). 3 (23): 300–303.
  • Sanger, Ray (2002). Nieuport Aircraft of World War One. Wiltshire: Crowood Press. ISBN 978-1-86126-447-3.
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