Northern Russian dialects

The northern Russian dialects make up one of the main groups of the Russian dialects.

Map of the Russian dialects of the primary formation (Northern Russian is dark green)

Territory

List of sub-dialects

Phonology

  • Dialects of this group do not exhibit typical vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.[1] Unstressed /o/ is pronounced clearly (the phenomenon called okanye/оканье).[2]
  • Some dialects have high or diphthongal /e̝~i̯ɛ/ in the place of Proto-Slavic *ě and /o̝~u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (like in some Ukrainian dialects) instead of Standard Russian /e/ and /o/.[2]
  • In the Novgorod sub-group only one voiceless affricate exists. Merging of Standard Russian /t͡ʃ/ and /t͡s/ into one consonant whether /t͡s/ or /t͡ɕ/ (like in Pskov and Ryazan Southern Russian dialects).
  • In the Vologda region, final hard /ɫ/ is replaced by a semivowel /w~u̯/.
  • /ɡ/, /v/, /f/ are like in Standard Russian (differs from Southern Russian). Nevertheless, in some sub-dialects /v/, /f/ can also be replaced with semivowel /w~u̯/ like in Southern Russian.

Morphology

  • A suffixed definite article -to, -ta, -te similarly existing in Bulgarian and Macedonian.[2]
  • 3rd person verbal ending with non-palatalized -t as in Standard Russian.

Vocabulary

Northern dialects are characterized by a number of words like, изба ('log hut'), квашня, озимь ('winter crop'), лаять ('to bark'), ухват, орать ('to plough'), жито ('rye'), беседки ('gathering'), шибко ('very much'), баской ('beautiful') and others. They also have about 200 words of Uralic origin.

Notes

  1. Crosswhite 2000, p. 109.
  2. Sussex & Cubberley 2006, pp. 521–526.

References

  • Crosswhite, Katherine Margaret (2000), "Vowel Reduction in Russian: A Unified Account of Standard, Dialectal, and 'Dissimilative' Patterns" (PDF), University of Rochester Working Papers in the Language Sciences, 1 (1): 107–172, archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-06
  • Sussex, Roland; Cubberley, Paul (2006). "Dialects of Russian". The Slavic languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 521–526. ISBN 978-0-521-22315-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

See also


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