Oblique case

Hindustani (Hindi and Urdu) nouns and pronouns decline for an oblique case which exclusively serves to mark the grammatical case roles using the case-marking postpositions.[4][5][6] The nominative and oblique cases for pronouns are shown in the tables below:

There are six noun declension patterns in Hindustani.[7] They are mentioned in the table below:

Note: -ø means anything other than -ā, -i, and -ī for masculine and anything other than -i/ī for feminine.

The oblique case is used exclusively with these 8 case-marking postpositions.[8][9] Out of these 8 postpositions, the genitive and semblative postpositions decline to agree with the gender, number, and case of the object it shows possession of, or the subject it semblance of to something/someone.

Bulgarian, an analytic Slavic language, also has an oblique case form for pronouns:

Dative role:

• "Give that ball to me" дай тaзи топка на мен (day tazi topka na men)

(This oblique case is a relic of the original, more complex proto-Slavic system of noun cases, and there are remnants of other cases in Bulgarian, such as the vocative case of direct address)

An objective case is marked on the English personal pronouns and as such serves the role of the accusative and dative cases that other Indo-European languages employ. These forms are often called object pronouns. They serve a variety of grammatical functions which they would not in languages that differentiate the two. An example using first person singular objective pronoun me:

• in an accusative role for a direct object (including double object and oblique ditransitives):

Do you see me?

The army sent me to Korea.

• in a dative role for an indirect object:

Kim passed the pancakes to me.

(Or colloquially, Kim passed me the pancakes.

• as the object of a preposition (except in possessives):

That picture of me was blurry.

(cf. That picture of mine was stolen.)

• in copular deixis:

[referring to a photograph] This is me on the beach.

• in existentials (sometimes, but not always, replaceable by the nominative—in very formal style):[10]

It's me again.

(cf. Once again, it is I. [formal])

Who is it?—It's me.

(cf. It is I [to whom you are speaking].)

It's me who should fix it.

(cf. Since I made it, it is I who should fix it.)

• in a nominative role with predicate or verbal ellipsis:

Who made this bicycle?—Me.

(cf. Who made this bicycle?—I did.)

I like him.—Hey, me too.

(cf. I like him.—Hey, I do too.)

Who's gonna clean up this mess?—Not me!

• in coordinated nominals:

Me and him are going to the store. (only in highly informal speech)

(cf. Is he going? Yes, he and I are going.)

• as a disjunctive topic marker:

Me, I like Spanish.

The pronoun me is not inflected differently in any of these uses; it is used for all grammatical relationships except the genitive case of possession (in standard English) and a non-disjunctive nominative case as the subject.

• It may also be used as a comedic stylistic effect of blatant error (nonstandard, pidgin, baby or foreigner talk or "broken English"):

[spoken by Cookie Monster] Me so hungry.

(the above example also employs copula deletion to similar effect)

Old French had a nominative case and an oblique case, called cas sujet and cas régime respectively.

In Modern French, the two cases have mostly merged and the cas régime has survived for the majority of nouns. For example, the word "conte (tale)":

• Old French:
  • Nominative: li cuens (singular), li conte (plural)
  • Oblique: le conte (singular), les contes (plural)
• Modern French:
  • le conte (singular), les contes (plural)

In some cases, both the cas sujet and cas régime of one noun have survived but produced two nouns in Modern French with different meanings. Example today's copain means "friend" and compagnon is "companion", but in Old French these were different declensions of the same noun.

Kurdish has an oblique for pronouns, objects, and for objects of Izafe constructs.

• Object pronoun, which in English take the oblique case
• Oblique argument
• Object (grammar)
• Subject pronoun
• Disjunctive pronoun
• Quirky subject