Ogata Gekkō

Ogata Gekkō (尾形月耕, 1859 – 1 October 1920) was a Japanese artist best known as a painter and a designer of ukiyo-e woodblock prints. He was self-taught in art, and won numerous national and international prizes and was one of the earliest Japanese artists to win an international audience.

In this Japanese name, the surname is Ogata.

Biography
Ryūshōten (龍昇天, "Dragon Rising up to Heaven")
A dragon ascends towards the heavens with Mount Fuji in the background in this print from Gekko's Views of Mount Fuji.
An incident in the Battle of Weihaiwei during the First Sino-Japanese War. Major General Ōdera at the cliff, 1895 — Woodblock print by Ogata Gekkō, ink and color on paper triptych; 37.9 x 72.8 cm (14 15/16 x 28 11/16 in.) in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

He was born as Nakagami Shōnosuke (名鏡 正之助) in Kyōbashi Yazaemon-chō in Edo (modern Tokyo) in 1859. His father, tradesman Nakagami Seijirō (名鏡 清次郎), died in 1876, and Gekkō took to work in a lantern shop in Kyōbashi Yumi-chō.[1]

Gekkō was self-taught in art, and began decorating porcelain and rickshaws, and designing flyers for the pleasure quarters. His early style shows the influence of the painter Kikuchi Yōsai.[1] About 1881 he took the surname Ogata at the insistence of a descendant of the painter Ogata Kōrin. He soon was designing prints and illustrating books and newspapers. In 1885 Gekkō exhibited in the Painting Appreciation Society, and he became acquainted with the art scholars Ernest Fenellosa and Okakura Kakuzō.[1]

In 1886 Gekkō produced the print series Gekkō Zuihitsu (月耕随筆, "Gekkō’s Random Sketches"). In 1888, he married an art student of his, Tai Kiku—his second marriage—and changed his family name to Tai. He was a judge in the Japan Youth Painting Association, which he helped found in 1891. The First Sino-Japanese War was the subject of a number of triptychs he designed in 1894–95.[1]

From the 1890s Gekkō won a number of art prizes, both national and international. He was one of the earliest Japanese artists to win international attention. At the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893 he won a prize for Edo Sannō matsuri (江戸山王祭, "Edo’s Sannō Festival"), and in 1904 he won the Gold Prize for the series Fuji hyakkei (富士百景, "One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji") at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition.[1] His work was exhibited at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1900 and at the Japan-British Exhibition in London in 1910.[2][1] In 1898 at the Japan Art Association, Emperor Meiji bought his painting Soga yo-uchi (曽我夜討, "Night Attack of the Soga"). He won third prize at the sixth Ministry of Education Art Exhibition in 1912.[1]

Gekkō died on 1 October 1920 in Shin-Ogawamachi in Ushigome Ward of Tokyo at age 61. His art names include Kagyōrō, Meikyōsai, Kiyū, and Rōsai. He had few students, the best-known of whom was Kōgyo Tsukioka, the adopted son of Yoshitoshi.[1]

Style
The swordsmith Munechika being aided by a kitsune fox spirit, in a print by Gekkō.

His work was originally closely based upon that of Kikuchi Yōsai; and he was inspired by Hokusai, creating a series of one hundred prints of Mount Fuji.[2] However, he did develop his own style, with significant stylistic elements from nihonga.

Gekkō was among the artists whose artwork informed the Japanese populace about the progress of naval and land war known today as the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895.[3] A number of Gekko's war images were published in Seishin Bidan by Yokoyama Ryohachi.

An impression of the Haiyang Island (Kaiyoto) Naval Battle in 1894 was prepared in a large-scale quadruptich format.

Among the widely circulated Sino-Japanese tryptich images of the war which were created by Gekkō include:

  • Japanese Officers and Soldiers Fight Bravely at Fenghuangcheng[4]
  • The Japanese First Army Advances Toward Mukden[4]
  • The Japanese Navy Victorious Off Takushan[4]
  • Captain Osawa and Six Others From the Warship Yaeyama Close in on Yungcheng Bay[4]
  • Presenting a Portentous Eagle to the Emperor[4]
  • Popular Viewing of the Captured Chinese Warship Chenyuen[4]
  • Japanese and Chinese Dignitaries Accomplish Their Missions in Successfully Concluding a Peace Treaty[4]

Selected works

Ogata Gekkō's published work encompasses 46 works in 48 publications in 2 languages and 68 library holdings.[5]

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
  • 1905 – 夢の三郎 (Yume no Saburō) OCLC 229891974
  • 1898 – 月耕画圃 (Gekkō gaho)
  • 1895 – 以呂波引月耕漫画 (Irohabiki Gekkō manga) OCLC 046354614
  • 1885 – 新說小簾の月 (Shinsetsu osu no tsuki) OCLC 033798610
  • A dragon ascends towards the heavens with Mount Fuji in the background in this 1897 ukiyo-e print from Ogata Gekkō's Views of Mount Fuji.
  • The swordsmith Munechika being aided by a kitsune fox spirit, in a print by Gekkō.
  • Prince Yamato Takeru and his sword Kusanagi no Tsurugi.
  • Emperor Go-Daigo, dreams of ghosts at his palace in Kasagiyama.
  • Japanese troops and General Ōdera Yasuzumi Attacking the Hundred Foot Cliff with All His Might during the 1895 Battle of Weihaiwei
  • Woman's Customes and Manners
  • Odori Dancer
  • From the series Women's Customs and Manners
  • Sumo wrestlers, 1899
  • Horibe Yahei Kanamura, ukiyo-e about the Forty-seven rōnin
  • Senba Saburobe Mitsutada, ukiyo-e about the Forty-seven rōnin

See also

References
  1. Marks 2012, p. 172.
  2. Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric et al. (2005). "Ogata Gekkō" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 737.
  3. Keene, Donald et al. (2001). Japan at the Dawn of the Modern Age: Woodblock Prints from the Meiji Era, 1868-1912, p. 100.
  4. Philadelphia Museum of Art/Corbis
  5. WorldCat Identities: 尾形月耕 1859–1920; Gekko, Ogata 1859-1920.

Works cited
  • Marks, Andreas (2012). Japanese Woodblock Prints: Artists, Publishers and Masterworks: 1680–1900. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4629-0599-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Keene, Donald; Anne Nishimura Morse; Frederic A Sharf and Louise E Virgin. (2001). Japan at the Dawn of the Modern Age: Woodblock Prints from the Meiji Era, 1868–1912. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts. ISBN 9780878466191; ISBN 9780878466207; OCLC 249920897
  • Lane, Richard. (1978). Images from the Floating World, The Japanese Print. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192114471; OCLC 5246796
  • Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). "Ogata Gekkō" in Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301
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