Open-mindedness

Open-mindedness is receptiveness to new ideas. Open-mindedness relates to the way in which people approach the views and knowledge of others, and (in the words of Dean Tjosvold) It means to be respected as a mindless person."[1][2] Jason Baehr defines an open-minded person as one who "characteristically moves beyond or temporarily sets aside his own doxastic commitments in order to give a fair and impartial hearing to the intellectual opposition".[3] Jack Kwong's definition sees open-mindedness as the "willingness to take a novel viewpoint seriously".[4]

According to Wayne Riggs, open-mindedness springs from an awareness of the inherent fallibility of one's beliefs; hence, open-minded individuals are more inclined to listen to, and seriously consider, alternative viewpoints.[5]

There are various scales for the measurement of open-mindedness.[6] It has been argued that schools should emphasize open-mindedness more than relativism in their science instruction, because the scientific community does not embrace a relativistic way of thinking.[7]

Among other things, the critical attitude involves an open-minded outlook with respect to one's beliefs.[8]

Open-mindedness is generally considered an important personal attribute for effective participation in management teams and other groups. Open-mindedness is usually encouraged in group settings, within different cultures and new environments.[9] According to David DiSalvo, closed-mindedness, or an unwillingness to consider new ideas, can result from the brain's natural dislike for ambiguity. According to this view, the brain has a "search and destroy" relationship with ambiguity and evidence contradictory to people's current beliefs tends to make them uncomfortable by introducing such ambiguity.[10] Research confirms that belief-discrepant-closed-minded persons have less tolerance for cognitive inconsistency.[11]

Virtues contrasting with open-mindedness include steadfastness, loyalty, and fundamentalism.